Portugal

Portugal has its most valuable energy asset in renewable energy resources. It is one of the countries of Europe with a high level of sun radiation, considerable vegetable and animal biomass potential, and a good wind resource. Portugal also has available hydro resources and possibilities for ocean energy (when that technology reaches maturity). Although Portugal still depends largely on foreign countries for oil, gas, and coal, especially for the transportation sector, in recent years the country has taken a clear path towards a sustainable, renewable-based, electricity generation. The energy contribution and the investments in the renewable energies are becoming more relevant every year as a strategically sector for the development of the country’s economy. By the end of 2007, Portugal had installed 7,409 MW (1) of renewable-based power plants. That capacity has generated an estimated 18, 207 GWh (2) during 2007. Renewable sources have contributed an estimated 36.4% of the total electricity demand, one of the highest percentages in Europe. The goals defined for 2010 and 2013 of 39% and 45% of the national electricity demand generated from RES, respectively are within reach. In 2007, fewer wind parks were installed than in previous years. However, the second phase of the public call for grid connection of wind power capacity, started in 2005 was concluded in August 2007. As a result, 400 MW were added to the 1,200 MW attributed in 2006. It is expected that wind energy capacity growth will increase again in the next few years

Portugal

Due to its location, Portugal has several valuable renewable resources for electricity production. It has a high level of solar radiation, moderate wind resource, and considerable vegetable and animal biomass potential. Ocean and hydro resources are also present, mainly the latter—although its major development took place in 2006 with the construction of large hydraulic power stations. Wave energy systems are now under development; the PELAMIS project, the first of its kind, is installed and has been functioning since the beginning of 2008. Nevertheless, Portugal still depends greatly on foreign countries for oil, gas, and coal resources, but it is taking large steps toward sustainable renewables-based electricity generation. Government and competent authorities established several measures in recent years that created incentives to install renewable energy systems and created the conditions for economic development in the energy sector. Regarding renewable energy systems, at the end of 2008 Portugal had about 8,151 MW capacity (1), corresponding to an estimated energy production of about 23,179 GWh. This production constitutes 43.3% of national electricity demand. However, this represents a 9% decrease in production compared with 2007, largely due to the decrease hydropower production. The goals defined for 2010 and 2013—that 39% and 45%, respectively, of the national electricity demand be generated from RES—are within reach. Wind generation at the end of 2008 was about 11% of the total national electrical demand—50.6 TWh (2). Also, use of renewable sources for micro generation of electricity is growing and as a result of legislation published at the end of 2007 (Dec. Law 363-2007, 2 November). The public in general has responded in large numbers to the initiatives and the programs that followed. By the end of 2008, 5,768 license requests had already been granted and registered on the web site of CERTIEL (3), the governing agency, corresponding to 19,772 kW of capacity. Of these registered systems, 7,137 kW are ready for inspection and about to start production (4)

Developing comprehensive indicators for monitoring rural policy impacts on landscape in Alentejo, southern Portugal

In recent decades, rural Europe has experienced major transitions, impelled by multiple drivers at varying scales, leading to increasingly differentiated modes of rural occupance. There is a need to monitor the multiple forces driving these transitions, so as to ensure that rural support and development policies are well targeted. In this paper, we develop a methodology which recognizes and regionalizes the three dimensions underlying rural multifunctionality, namely production, consumption and protection as initially conceptualized by Holmes (2006, 2012). In our approach, these three dimensions are linked to socio-economic dynamics, which vary across space and may act as a stimulus or a constraint on the multifunctional transition. For the municipalities in Alentejo, southern Portugal, we construct an appropriate set of indicators for conveying the four (production, protection, consumption and socio-economic) dimensions studied. Results show that with a robust set of spatial indicators the different dimensions by Holmes were gauged across the case study area. Further, results also highlight the advantages of crosschecking the production, protection and consumption dimensions with a fourth socio-economic dimension in order to comprehsively explore the possible ways in wich policy targetting can be made. This method can be a valuable tool to inform policy targetting and decision-making, including those of potential investors. Future research pathways are delineated in order to refine the employed indicator set and to include other possible dimensions and analytical techniques into this innovative methodological framework

Conjugated linoleic acid reduces permeability and fluidity of adipose plasma membranes from obese Zucker rats

NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. July 2010; 398 (2): 199-204.Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a dietary fatty acid frequently used as a body fat reducing agent whose effects upon cell membranes and cellular function remain unknown. Obese Zucker rats were fed atherogenic diets containing saturated fats of vegetable or animal origin with or without 1% CLA, as a mixture of cis(c)9,trans(t)11 and t10,c12 isomers. Plasma membrane vesicles obtained from visceral adi- pose tissue were used to assess the effectiveness of dietary fat and CLA membrane incorporation and its outcome on fluidity and permeability to water and glycerol. A significant decrease in adipose membrane fluidity was correlated with the changes observed in permeability, which seem to be caused by the incor- poration of the t10,c12 CLA isomer into membrane phospholipids. These results indicate that CLA supple- mentation in obese Zucker rats fed saturated and cholesterol rich diets reduces the fluidity and permeability of adipose membranes, therefore not supporting CLA as a body fat reducing agent through membrane fluidification in obese fat consumers

Clinical Supervision in Nursing: a Training Strategy

Comunicação apresentada no Congresso da UI_IPS 2017 e artigo publicado na revista UI_IPS 2018A supervisão clínica em enfermagem, surge atualmente como uma necessidade dos contextos formativos e da prática. Existem preocupações na adesão aos métodos pedagógicos e processos formativos em ensino clínico. Na formação certificada que tem sido desenvolvida, com enfermeiros de três organizações de saúde da ARSLVT, procurou-se avaliar o processo de supervisão clínica em enfermagem. Como objetivo para este artigo define-se: analisar a conceção da supervisão clínica em enfermagem em 45 enfermeiros, recorrendo à ferramenta pedagógica – mapa concetual. Da estrutura cognitiva dos enfermeiros emergiram três temas: conceção de supervisão; intervenção em supervisão; avaliação do processo de supervisão. Representou-se as palavras identificadas em mapa conceptual da supervisão clínica em enfermagem. Reconheceu-se esta estratégia como facilitadora do desenvolvimento de competências pelos enfermeiros. Identificou-se a conceção da supervisão clínica dos enfermeiros, relacionada com o pensamento crítico em ensino clínico. A utilização do mapa concetual emerge como estratégia pedagógica promotora da autorreflexão dos enfermeiros/estudantes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Is land cover an important asset for addressing the subjective landscape dimensions

This paper explores which physical landscape components relate to subjective landscape dimensions. The ways in which people describe their surrounding cultural landscape was analyzed through an assessment of their representations of it. A special focus was placed on assessing the role of land cover as a means to communicate landscape meanings regarding a specific geographical region. The methodological framework was built on the basis of a questionnaire survey, multivariate statistical analysis and mapping approaches. This research shows that there is a set of physical landscape components that relate to subjective landscape dimensions which can be disclosed through the assessment of social representations. Enhancing and safeguarding those physical landscape components associated with the subjective landscape dimensions are important aspects in both framing and targeting land cover/use policies and decision making. Results also suggest that land cover can be understood as an important asset for describing landscapes as more than 30% of respondents referred to it when asked to represent the case study region of Alentejo in southern Portugal. This might mean that in addition to objective ecological and biological functions, land cover is also an important asset for evaluating subjective landscape dimensions in line with place attachment and landscape identity. Finally, the ways in which the empirical material gathered here can be used to inform policy and planning are explored

National survey of the Portuguese elderly nutritional status : study protocol

Acknowledgements We acknowledge the IAN-AF team (in particular to Duarte Torres, Milton Severo and Andreia Oliveira) for the community sampling and their support on dietary assessment methodology and critical discussion along the elaboration of the present protocol. Funding This project (136SI5) was granted by the Public Health Initiatives Programme (PT06), financed by EEA Grants Financial Mechanism 2009-2014.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

From an explanation to interpretation in architectural designing

This article assumes that the formal analysis of architectural works (often used in project teaching), with a descriptive character is not sufficient for your understanding. The hypotheses depart from the approach of hermeneutic philosophy, assuming that the architectural work is an expression of the human being and therefore subject to interpretation. Unlike the scientific works that have a literal and univocal sense, the architectural places are prone to multiple interpretations. In this paper, architectural work is beheld from two perspectives: one, from the traditionally used perspective in project teaching, as an object abstractly considered in relation to the context in which it is interpreted and other, with the approach of hermeneutics, as a work resulting from human activity, and produced by someone who is inserted into a particular cultural community and in a particular historical situation. Our conclusion is that the hermeneutic dimension of interpretation thus exceeds explanation techniques of work in order to be situated in a human horizon of sense. We propose that the reading of architectural works should not be limited to the description of a certain reality, but rather give greater intelligibility to explicative schemes that have so far been found and used in project teaching

Habitação Coletiva para Tamera

Coordination Teresa Madeira da Silva - ISCTE-IUL, Lisbon University Institute - Department of Architecture and Urbanism. Optional course - Collective housing Anett-Maud Joppien – TUD, Technische Universität Darmstadt - Faculty of Design and Technology . Barbara Kovats - Tamera Community – Monte do Cerro, Solar Village Students 31 architecture students of ISCTE-IUL | 28 architecture students of TUD. The students will organize themselves in mixed groups of 5 to 6 architecture students of ISCTE-IUL and TUD. Monitoring Team Teresa Madeira da Silva; Rosália Guerreiro; Pedro Pinto. (ISCTE-IUL, Lisbon University Institute) Anett-Maud Joppien; Carl Fingerhuth; Christine Störmer; Matthias Schönau; Sascha Luippold. (TUD - Technische Universität Darmstadt) Barbara Kovats, Janos Valder. (Tamera Comunity ).Workshop Colective Housing Tamera Community - Monte do Cerro, Alentejo This partnership between ISCTE-IUL and TUD had its first edition in 2012 with a workshop related to the optative course “Collective housing” of the Master of Architecture (2011-2012) of the Department of Architecture and Urbanism, ISCTE-IUL. Being a joint project between ISCTE, Lisbon University Institute, the Faculty of Design and Technology of the Technische Universitat Darmstadt (TUD) and Tamera Community (Monte do Cerro, Alentejo), the workshop in Tamera implemented the possibility to work intensively with international and interdisciplinary teams. The theme of the workshop - Collective Housing for Tamera, consisted an analytical and conceptual background for a project whose main goal was to generate a visionary and progressive model of collective life, that could respond adequately to the Tamera community. In the context of intense teamwork, the students of ISCTE-IUL - Lisbon, and TUD - Darmstadt, worked on proposals for collective housing (live/work) with an approach that was intended to go beyond the traditional structures.It was intended that the participants developed methodologies, analysis and techniques of project execution, that they considered appropriate in order to make innovative approaches. These innovation should at the same time be suited the contemporary ways of living. In this way, this workshop sought to reflect on some issues considered fundamental for Portugal and Europe, as the exploitation of natural resources (water, sun and earth), the conservation of natural landscapes and the development of a sustainable world through ecological experimental constructions with earth, straw and grass. The proposals that came out of this workshop supposed to respect the basic ambition of Tamera on a sustainable and peaceful knowledge in relation to nature and, moreover, have as reference the topographical, geographical and climatic conditions, as the basis for the design concepts