A Multi-Boundary AdS Orbifold and DLCQ Holography: A universal holographic description of extremal black hole horizons

We examine a stationary but non-static asymptotically AdS_3 spacetime with two causally connected conformal boundaries, each of which is a ``null cylinder'', namely a cylinder with a null direction identified. This spacetime arises from three different perspectives: (i) as a non-singular, causally regular orbifold of global AdS_3 by boosts, (ii) as a Penrose-like limit focusing on the horizon of extremal BTZ black holes, and (iii) as an S^1 fibration over AdS_2. Each of these perspectives sheds an interesting light on holography. Examination of the conformal boundary of the spacetime shows that the dual to the space should involve DLCQ limits of the D1-D5 conformal field theory. The Penrose-like limit approach leads to a similar conclusion, by isolating a sector of the complete D1-D5 CFT that describes the physics in the vicinity of the horizon of an extremal black hole. As such this is a holographic description of the universal horizon dynamics of the extremal black holes in AdS_3 and also of the four and five dimensional stringy black holes whose states were counted in string theory. The AdS_2 perspective draws a connection to a 0+1d quantum mechanical theory. Various dualities lead to a Matrix model description of the spacetime. Many interesting issues that are related to both de Sitter physics and attempts to ``see behind a horizon'' using AdS/CFT arise from (a) the presence of two disconnected components to the boundary, and (b) the analytic structure of bulk physics in the complex coordinate plane.Comment: 48 pages. 3 EPS figures. If you use mpage to print multiple postscript pages on the same sheet of paper you may have difficulties with the figures. The PDF version will print fine, as will postscript if you stick to one page per sheet. v3: minor edits and references adde

Capillary Condensation and Interface Structure of a Model Colloid-Polymer Mixture in a Porous Medium

We consider the Asakura-Oosawa model of hard sphere colloids and ideal polymers in contact with a porous matrix modeled by immobilized configurations of hard spheres. For this ternary mixture a fundamental measure density functional theory is employed, where the matrix particles are quenched and the colloids and polymers are annealed, i.e. allowed to equilibrate. We study capillary condensation of the mixture in a tiny sample of matrix as well as demixing and the fluid-fluid interface inside a bulk matrix. Density profiles normal to the interface and surface tensions are calculated and compared to the case without matrix. Two kinds of matrices are considered: (i) colloid-sized matrix particles at low packing fractions and (ii) large matrix particles at high packing fractions. These two cases show fundamentally different behavior and should both be experimentally realizable. Furthermore, we argue that capillary condensation of a colloidal suspension could be experimentally accessible. We find that in case (ii), even at high packing fractions, the main effect of the matrix is to exclude volume and, to high accuracy, the results can be mapped onto those of the same system without matrix via a simple rescaling.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, submitted to PR

Iron concentration in exhaled breath condensate decreases in ever-smokers and COPD patients

Investigation employing bronchoalveolar lavage supports both increased and decreased iron concentrations in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of smokers. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is an alternative approach to sampling the ELF. We evaluated for an association between iron homeostasis and both smoking and a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by measuring metal concentrations in EBC samples from non-smoker controls, smoker controls, and individuals diagnosed with COPD. The total number of EBC specimens was 194. EBC iron and zinc concentrations (mean ±standard error) in the total study population were 0.610 ±0.025 and 40.73 ±1.79 ppb respectively. In linear regressions, total cigarette smoking in pack years showed a significant (negative) relationship with EBC iron concentration but not with EBC zinc concentration. Iron concentrations in EBC from GOLD stage II, III, and IV patients were all significantly decreased relative to those from non-smoker and smoker controls. In contrast to iron, zinc concentrations in EBC were not significantly different than those from non-smoker and smoker controls. It is concluded that smoking decreases EBC iron concentrations and patients diagnosed with COPD have significantly lower EBC iron concentrations. These results likely reflect an increased burden of cigarette smoke particles in the lower respiratory tract of ever-smokers and patients with COPD and the capacity of components in this particle to complex iron

From Majorana theory of atomic autoionization to Feshbach resonances in high temperature superconductors

The Ettore Majorana paper - Theory of incomplete P triplets- published in 1931, focuses on the role of selection rules for the non-radiative decay of two electron excitations in atomic spectra, involving the configuration interaction between discrete and continuum channels. This work is a key step for understanding the 1935 work of Ugo Fano on the asymmetric lineshape of two electron excitations and the 1958 Herman Feshbach paper on the shape resonances in nuclear scattering arising from configuration interaction between many different scattering channels. The Feshbach resonances are today of high scientific interest in many different fields and in particular for ultracold gases and high Tc superconductivity.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism to be publishe

Molecular Fingerprint-Derived Similarity Measures for Toxicological Read-Across: Recommendations for Optimal Use

Computational approaches are increasingly used to predict toxicity, in part due to pressures to find alternatives to animal testing. Read-across is the “new paradigm” which aims to predict toxicity by identifying similar, data rich, source compounds. This assumes that similar molecules tend to exhibit similar activities, i.e. molecular similarity is integral to read-across. Various molecular fingerprints and similarity measures may be used to calculate molecular similarity. This study investigated the value and concordance of the Tanimoto similarity values calculated using six widely used fingerprints within six toxicological datasets. There was considerable variability in the similarity values calculated from the various molecular fingerprints for diverse compounds, although they were reasonably concordant for homologous series acting via a common mechanism. The results suggest generic fingerprint-derived similarities are likely to be optimally predictive for local datasets, i.e. following sub-categorisation. Thus, for read-across, generic fingerprint-derived similarities are likely to be most predictive after chemicals are placed into categories (or groups), then similarity is calculated within those categories, rather than for a whole chemically diverse dataset

Quotients of AdS_{p+1} x S^q: causally well-behaved spaces and black holes

Starting from the recent classification of quotients of Freund--Rubin backgrounds in string theory of the type AdS_{p+1} x S^q by one-parameter subgroups of isometries, we investigate the physical interpretation of the associated quotients by discrete cyclic subgroups. We establish which quotients have well-behaved causal structures, and of those containing closed timelike curves, which have interpretations as black holes. We explain the relation to previous investigations of quotients of asymptotically flat spacetimes and plane waves, of black holes in AdS and of Godel-type universes.Comment: 48 pages; v2: minor typos correcte

Evidence of Color Coherence Effects in W+jets Events from ppbar Collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.8 TeV

We report the results of a study of color coherence effects in ppbar collisions based on data collected by the D0 detector during the 1994-1995 run of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider, at a center of mass energy sqrt(s) = 1.8 TeV. Initial-to-final state color interference effects are studied by examining particle distribution patterns in events with a W boson and at least one jet. The data are compared to Monte Carlo simulations with different color coherence implementations and to an analytic modified-leading-logarithm perturbative calculation based on the local parton-hadron duality hypothesis.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to Physics Letters

Percutaneous stereotactic en bloc excision of nonpalpable breast carcinoma: a step in the direction of supraconservative surgery

peer reviewedRecently, the advanced breast biopsy instrumentation (ABBI) system has been introduced as an alternative to conventional breast biopsy techniques. This study was prospectively conducted to evaluate the potential of the ABBI method in locoregional management of a consecutive series of patients with nonpalpable mammographically detected breast carcinomas. Sixty-one consecutive patients underwent an ABBI procedure as a first step before possible surgery for nonpalpable breast lesions that would in any case require complete excision. For the 27 patients in whom the ABBI biopsy revealed malignancy further surgery was recommended, including re-excision of the biopsy site and axillary dissection in cases of infiltrating carcinoma. We calculated the probabilities that the ABBI specimen would have tumor-free margins and that a definitely complete excision had been achieved as a function of the mammographic or pathological diameter of the cancer. For cancer with a pathological diameter less than 10 mm, measured on the ABBI specimen, the probability (92%) of obtaining complete resection was significantly better than for larger lesions (P = 0.01, Fisher's exact test). Although the therapeutic perspectives for the ABBI method are limited at present, we suggest that this approach is a first step in the direction of a surgical strategy that is better adapted to the pathological characteristics peculiar to these small tumors, whose incidence is increasing. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of anxiety disorders.

Anxiety disorders (ADs), namely generalized AD, panic disorder and phobias, are common, etiologically complex conditions with a partially genetic basis. Despite differing on diagnostic definitions based on clinical presentation, ADs likely represent various expressions of an underlying common diathesis of abnormal regulation of basic threat-response systems. We conducted genome-wide association analyses in nine samples of European ancestry from seven large, independent studies. To identify genetic variants contributing to genetic susceptibility shared across interview-generated DSM-based ADs, we applied two phenotypic approaches: (1) comparisons between categorical AD cases and supernormal controls, and (2) quantitative phenotypic factor scores (FS) derived from a multivariate analysis combining information across the clinical phenotypes. We used logistic and linear regression, respectively, to analyze the association between these phenotypes and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms. Meta-analysis for each phenotype combined results across the nine samples for over 18 000 unrelated individuals. Each meta-analysis identified a different genome-wide significant region, with the following markers showing the strongest association: for case-control contrasts, rs1709393 located in an uncharacterized non-coding RNA locus on chromosomal band 3q12.3 (P=1.65 × 10(-8)); for FS, rs1067327 within CAMKMT encoding the calmodulin-lysine N-methyltransferase on chromosomal band 2p21 (P=2.86 × 10(-9)). Independent replication and further exploration of these findings are needed to more fully understand the role of these variants in risk and expression of ADs.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 12 January 2016; doi:10.1038/mp.2015.197

The dust properties and physical conditions of the interstellar medium in the LMC massive star-forming complex N11

Interstellar matter and star formatio