Peripheral Entrapment Neuropathies

The effects of peripheral nerve compression have only been appreciated for a century. Panas published the first description of tardy ulnar palsy in 1878(17), exactly a hundred years ago, although Morton had preceded him by two years in his classical paper(14) about the neuroma which may form in the forefoot after presumedpressure, repeated trauma or degeneration. Since that time many other peripheral entrapment neuropathies have been encountered and discussed (2) (10) and the importance of early and effective treatment appreciated.This paper will present a synopsis of the pathology and sites of such entrapment, excluding the lesions of nerve that may occur from proximal pressure secondary to vertebral disc, spinal or thoracic outlet pathology. The effects of ulnar nerve compression at the elbow will be discussed in some detail using data obtained from a recent retrospective review of 100 patients with this complaint

Pulmonary Insufficiency in the Critically Ill

In recent years clinicians concerned with intensive care have become increasingly aware that pulmonary insufficiency may develop shortly after the apparently successful immediate resuscitation of the critically ill. The incidence of this complication is high, a figure between 30% and 50% being generally accepted (1). In its initial stages respiratory tract infection does not appear to play a part though bronchopneumonia may later supervene.The impact of this adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on surgeons dealing with extensive trauma, sepsis, burns and haemorrhagic shock has been dramatic and since 1968, when the first conference devoted to the pulmonary effects of nonthoracic trauma was held (2), investigation into the problem has been energetic. Essentially two opposing viewpoints have evolved to account for the occurrence of ARDS. That they are interrelated should become clear in the following discussion

THE CHIARI PELVIC OSTEOTOMY A LONG-TERM REVIEW OF CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC RESULTS

We have reviewed a series of 94 Chiari pelvic osteotomies carried out from 1966 to 1982. In 83 hips the indication for surgery had been pain, and of these patients 73 (88%) had appreciable relief within one year of operation. The other 11 hips were all in children and were painless; in them the osteotomy had successfully stabilised progressive subluxation of the hip. At review after a mean follow-up of 10 years (range, 2 to 18 years) 68 previously painful hips were reassessed. Although function of the hips had deteriorated slowly with time, four of the seven cases with 18 years' follow-up had good function and only minor symptoms

A consensus protocol for functional connectivity analysis in the rat brain

International audienc