Dynamical Symmetry and Quantum Information Processing with Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

We study in detail the interesting dynamical symmetry and its applications in various atomic systems with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in this paper. By discovering the symmetrical Lie group of various atomic systems, such as single-atomic-ensemble composed of complex $m$-level $(m>3)$ atoms, and $two$-atomic-ensemble and even multi-atomic-ensemble system composed of of $three$-level atoms etc., one can obtain the general definition of dark-state polaritons (DSPs), and then the dark-states of these different systems. The symmetrical properties of the multi-level system and multi-atomic-ensemble system are shown to be dependent on some characteristic parameters of the EIT system. Furthermore, a controllable scheme to generate quantum entanglement between lights or atoms via quantized DSPs theory is discussed and the robustness of this scheme is analyzed by confirming the validity of adiabatic passage conditions in this paper.Comment: 14pages, 2figures, Phys. Lett. A, In prin

Synergistic Analgesic Effects of Ginger, Colchicum, and Nux Vomica Extracts in a Unani Polyherbal Combination

Ginger, colchicum, and detoxified nux vomica extracts are combined in an effective dose ratio to evaluate analgesic activity. This combination has not been previously utilized by Unani practitioners. Three unprocessed herbs (Ginger, Colchicum, and Nux vomica) were separated using hydro-alcoholic (50-50%) and aqueous solvents. Every extract, including aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts, had its established LD50. To create aqueous and hydro-alcoholic dosage forms, the corresponding extracts were now combined in an efficient dosage ratio. Analgesic effectiveness of both formulations (aqueous and hydro-alcoholic) is assessed using Eddy\u27s hot plate test, analgesiometer test, and formalin test. The reference drug diclofenac sodium was used to examine the effectiveness. The groups administered either the standard dose or the test drug had the highest increase in reaction time at 120 minutes in Eddy\u27s hot plate test. The degree of significance was p<0.001 with a larger dose of aqueous extract (1100 mg/kg), therefore maximum tolerance of pain was observed. The combination containing the larger dose of hydro-alcoholic extract (580 mg/kg) had the longest reaction time (4.97 seconds) on the analgesiometer at 75 minutes. The flinches at 14.81 seconds in the formalin test were considerably lessened by the larger dose of the aqueous extract (1100 mg/kg) than by the lower dose (P<0.05). In summary, our research validates the analgesic properties of polyherbal extracts combination. As a result, when used together, these medications have the potential to effectively treat acute, subacute, and chronic nociception. Thus, suitable dosage formulations for the treatment of algesia may be created in the future

A hybrid iterative method for common solutions of variational inequality problems and fixed point problems for single-valued and multi-valued mappings with applications

Revie

Combinde And Comparative Biochemical And Behavioral Assessment Of Delphinium Denudatum And Amaranthus Spinosus For Anti-Stress, Nootropic And Antioxidant Activities

Background: Stress defined as an imprecise reaction of the body to any kind of stimuli on it and disturbs normal physiological condition, threatened homeostasis. Stress causes decline in health by disturbing behaviour, physical and hormonal system of the body. Methods: The test drugs Dephinium denudatum root and Amaranthus spinoses leaves were defatted with petroleum ether (60-80 0C) and then extracted with hydroalcohlic solvent (Ethanol 95%, v/v: water, 1:1) by soxhlation process. The hydroalcohlic extract of both the drugs singly and in combinations was evaluated for experimental activity in Wistar albino rats in the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg by using different anti-stress tests like Swimming endurance and post swimming muscle coordination test (physical stress), Immobilization stress test and Anoxia stress tolerance test, antioxidant activity by DPPH, Reducing power methods, Nitric oxide scavenging activity, and H2O2  assay method and nootropic activity was done by Elevated plus maze test, Morris water maze test and estimation of Acetylcholine esterase level. Results: In the dose dependent manner, both the hydroalcohlic extracts and combination of the higher doses produced the anti-stress activity, antioxidant and nootropic activities. Conclusion: Hydroalcohlic extracts of Dephinium denudatum root, Amaranthus spinoses leaves and combination of both the drugs may act as anti-stress, antioxidant and nootropic agents in rats. Amaranthus spinoses was found to be more effective compare to the Dephinium denudatum

Effect of biased noise fluctuations on the output radiation of coherent beat laser

Effect of biased noise fluctuations on the degree of squeezing as well as the intensity of a radiation generated by a one-photon coherent beat laser is presented. It turns out that the radiation exhibits squeezing inside and outside the cavity under certain conditions. The degree of squeezing is enhanced by the biased noise input significantly in both regions. Despite the presence of the biased environment modes outside the cavity, the degree of squeezing outside the cavity can be greater than or equal to or even less than the cavity radiation depending on the initial preparation of the atomic superposition and amplitude of the external driving radiation. But the intensity of the radiation is found to be lesser outside the cavity regardless of these parameters.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure

Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Background Comparable data on the global and country-specific burden of neurological disorders and their trends are crucial for health-care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study provides such information but does not routinely aggregate results that are of interest to clinicians specialising in neurological conditions. In this systematic analysis, we quantified the global disease burden due to neurological disorders in 2015 and its relationship with country development level. Methods We estimated global and country-specific prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) for various neurological disorders that in the GBD classification have been previously spread across multiple disease groupings. The more inclusive grouping of neurological disorders included stroke, meningitis, encephalitis, tetanus, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron disease, migraine, tension-type headache, medication overuse headache, brain and nervous system cancers, and a residual category of other neurological disorders. We also analysed results based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a compound measure of income per capita, education, and fertility, to identify patterns associated with development and how countries fare against expected outcomes relative to their level of development. Findings Neurological disorders ranked as the leading cause group of DALYs in 2015 (250·7 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 229·1 to 274·7] million, comprising 10·2% of global DALYs) and the second-leading cause group of deaths (9·4 [9·1 to 9·7] million], comprising 16·8% of global deaths). The most prevalent neurological disorders were tension-type headache (1505·9 [UI 1337·3 to 1681·6 million cases]), migraine (958·8 [872·1 to 1055·6] million), medication overuse headache (58·5 [50·8 to 67·4 million]), and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (46·0 [40·2 to 52·7 million]). Between 1990 and 2015, the number of deaths from neurological disorders increased by 36·7%, and the number of DALYs by 7·4%. These increases occurred despite decreases in age-standardised rates of death and DALYs of 26·1% and 29·7%, respectively; stroke and communicable neurological disorders were responsible for most of these decreases. Communicable neurological disorders were the largest cause of DALYs in countries with low SDI. Stroke rates were highest at middle levels of SDI and lowest at the highest SDI. Most of the changes in DALY rates of neurological disorders with development were driven by changes in YLLs. Interpretation Neurological disorders are an important cause of disability and death worldwide. Globally, the burden of neurological disorders has increased substantially over the past 25 years because of expanding population numbers and ageing, despite substantial decreases in mortality rates from stroke and communicable neurological disorders. The number of patients who will need care by clinicians with expertise in neurological conditions will continue to grow in coming decades. Policy makers and health-care providers should be aware of these trends to provide adequate services

Relationship between perceived body weight and body mass index based on self- reported height and weight among university students: a cross-sectional study in seven European countries

Mikolajczyk RT, Maxwell AE, El Ansari W, Stock C, Petkeviciene J, Guillen-Grima F. Relationship between perceived body weight and body mass index based on self- reported height and weight among university students: a cross-sectional study in seven European countries. BMC Public Health. 2010;10(1): 40.Background Despite low rates of obesity, many university students perceive themselves as overweight, especially women. This is of concern, because inappropriate weight perceptions can lead to unhealthy behaviours including eating disorders. Methods We used the database from the Cross National Student Health Survey (CNSHS), consisting of 5,900 records of university students from Bulgaria, Denmark, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Spain and Turkey to analyse differences in perceived weight status based on the question: "Do you consider yourself much too thin, a little too thin, just right, a little too fat or much too fat?". The association between perceived weight and body mass index (BMI) calculated from self-reported weight and height was assessed with generalized non-parametric regression in R library gam. Results Although the majority of students reported a normal BMI (72-84% of males, 65-83% of females), only 32% to 68% of students considered their weight "just right". Around 20% of females with BMI of 20 kg/m2 considered themselves "a little too fat" or "too fat", and the percentages increased to 60% for a BMI of 22.5 kg/m2. Male students rarely felt "a little too fat" or "too fat" below BMI of 22.5 kg/m2, but most felt too thin with a BMI of 20 kg/m2. Conclusions Weight ideals are rather uniform across the European countries, with female students being more likely to perceive themselves as "too fat" at a normal BMI, while male students being more likely to perceive themselves as "too thin". Programs to prevent unhealthy behaviours to achieve ill-advised weight ideals may benefit students

Coexpression of Nuclear Receptors and Histone Methylation Modifying Genes in the Testis: Implications for Endocrine Disruptor Modes of Action

BACKGROUND: Endocrine disruptor chemicals elicit adverse health effects by perturbing nuclear receptor signalling systems. It has been speculated that these compounds may also perturb epigenetic mechanisms and thus contribute to the early origin of adult onset disease. We hypothesised that histone methylation may be a component of the epigenome that is susceptible to perturbation. We used coexpression analysis of publicly available data to investigate the combinatorial actions of nuclear receptors and genes involved in histone methylation in normal testis and when faced with endocrine disruptor compounds. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The expression patterns of a set of genes were profiled across testis tissue in human, rat and mouse, plus control and exposed samples from four toxicity experiments in the rat. Our results indicate that histone methylation events are a more general component of nuclear receptor mediated transcriptional regulation in the testis than previously appreciated. Coexpression patterns support the role of a gatekeeper mechanism involving the histone methylation modifiers Kdm1, Prdm2, and Ehmt1 and indicate that this mechanism is a common determinant of transcriptional integrity for genes critical to diverse physiological endpoints relevant to endocrine disruption. Coexpression patterns following exposure to vinclozolin and dibutyl phthalate suggest that coactivity of the demethylase Kdm1 in particular warrants further investigation in relation to endocrine disruptor mode of action. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides proof of concept that a bioinformatics approach that profiles genes related to a specific hypothesis across multiple biological settings can provide powerful insight into coregulatory activity that would be difficult to discern at an individual experiment level or by traditional differential expression analysis methods

Dark Matter in Low Surface Brightness Galaxies

Low Surface Brightness (LSB) galaxies form a large population of disc galaxies that extend the Hubble sequence towards extreme late-types. They are only slowly evolving, and still in an early evolutionary state. The Tully-Fisher relation and rotation curves of LSB galaxies both show that LSB galaxies are very dark-matter dominated with respect to ``normal'' high surface brightness (HSB) galaxies. Mass models derived from the rotation curves of LSB and HSB galaxies show that LSB galaxies inhabit less dense and more extended halos. Mass density, which changes with surface brightness, is as important in determining the evolution of a galaxy as total mass is.Comment: 8 pages, uses paspconf.sty. To be published in ``Dark and Visible Matter in Galaxies and Cosmological Implications'', Sesto Pusteria, Italy, 2-5 July, 1996,PASP Conference Series, eds M.Persic and P.Salucci. Also available at http://www.astro.rug.nl/~blok/lsb.htm