Entomofauna diversity in areas of Caatinga under forest management in the semi-arid region of Ceará

The Caatinga is characterised by deciduous plant species. The practice in this ecosystem is the production of firewood which, when carried out with no technical criteria, contributes to a reduction in the biodiversity and degradation of the biome. Forest Management Planning has been approved by the Ministry of the Environment; a lower impact on the environment is expected, as there is still little information on the effect on biodiversity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity of soil fauna in areas that adopt a Forest Management Plan. Five areas were selected that adopt Forest Management Planning: Area T1, unexploited for six months; Area T2, unexploited for 2-3 years; Area T3 unexploited for 5-6 years; Area T4, unexploited for 10-11 years; and the Control Area (unexploited). Four pitfall traps were installed in each area. The Shannon-Weaver (H’) Index, the Pielou Uniformity Index (e) and the Species Richness Index were calculated for the purpose of estimating the existing biodiversity. Total richness varied from 7 to 14 groups for the different collection periods and between the treatments; the highest value for the Shannon Index (0.72) was found during the dry/rainy transition period in the area that had been exploited 5-6 years earlier. The number of specimens is influenced by the various stages of wood exploitation.The Caatinga is characterised by deciduous plant species. The practice in this ecosystem is the production of firewood which, when carried out with no technical criteria, contributes to a reduction in the biodiversity and degradation of the biome. Forest Management Planning has been approved by the Ministry of the Environment; a lower impact on the environment is expected, as there is still little information on the effect on biodiversity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity of soil fauna in areas that adopt a Forest Management Plan. Five areas were selected that adopt Forest Management Planning: Area T1, unexploited for six months; Area T2, unexploited for 2-3 years; Area T3 unexploited for 5-6 years; Area T4, unexploited for 10-11 years; and the Control Area (unexploited). Four pitfall traps were installed in each area. The Shannon-Weaver (H’) Index, the Pielou Uniformity Index (e) and the Species Richness Index were calculated for the purpose of estimating the existing biodiversity. Total richness varied from 7 to 14 groups for the different collection periods and between the treatments; the highest value for the Shannon Index (0.72) was found during the dry/rainy transition period in the area that had been exploited 5-6 years earlier. The number of specimens is influenced by the various stages of wood exploitation

Co-infection of Cytauxzoon felis, Mycoplasma haemofelis, and the feline immunodeficiency virus in a domestic cat in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Cytauxzoon felis is a hemoparasite capable of infecting domestic and wild cats. Studies suggest that wild cats are the main reservoirs of the protozoan, and transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. Hemotropic mycoplasmas are Gram-negative bacteria responsible for severe hemolytic anemia. The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a retrovirus capable of generating immunosuppression in the host and persistent infection. The present work describes a case of co infection of Cytauxzoon felis, Mycoplasma haemofelis, and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in a cat. A feline from the rural area was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of Uberlândia - MG of the Federal University of Uberlândia. Fresh whole blood samples were collected for blood count, enzymatic analysis, DNA extraction, real-time PCR for the detection of Cytauxzoon felis and Mycoplasma haemofelis, and the Point of Care ELISA test for Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) antigens and antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Piroplasms compatible with Cytauxzoon spp. were observed in the smear, and the tests performed were positive for Cytauxzoon felis, Mycoplasma haemofelis, and FIV. Cytauxzoon felis é um hemoparasita que possui capacidade de infectar felídeos domésticos e selvagens. Estudos sugerem que os felídeos selvagens sejam os principais reservatórios do protozoário e a transmissão ocorre através da picada de um carrapato infectado. Os micoplasmas hemotrópicos são bactérias Gram negativas responsáveis por anemia hemolítica grave. O vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) é um retrovírus com capacidade de gerar imunossupressão no hospedeiro e infecção persistente. O presente trabalho descreve um caso de co-infecção de Cytauxzoon felis, Mycoplasma haemofelis e vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) em um gato. Um felino proveniente da zona rural foi internado no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, em Uberlândia-MG. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue total fresco para a realização de hemograma, análise enzimática, extração de DNA, PCR em tempo real para detecção de Cytauxzoon felis e Mycoplasma haemofelis e o teste de ELISA Point of Care para Antígenos de vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV) e anticorpos para o vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV). Em esfregaço foram observados piroplasmas compatíveis com Cytauxzoon spp. e os resultados dos testes realizados foram positivos para Cytauxzoon felis, Mycoplasma haemofelis e FIV.

Calidad poscosecha de los frutos de tomate embolsados con textil no tejido (TNT)

Páginas 80-88.ABSTRACT: The possibility of cultivation without the use of chemical insecticides or reduction thereof, associated with the requirements of consumers has motivated growers to return to the practice of bagging fruit, but it is possible that this technique causes changes in the visual and organoleptic characteristics of fruits. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible changes in postharvest characteristics in ‘Valerin’ tomato fruits produced inside nonwoven bags (TNT) and validate the best period for bagging. The fruits came from commercial cultivation of tomato plants, located in “Ubajara”, “Ceará” State, Brazil. The experiment design used 2 × 4 factorial randomized blocks with five repetitions. The factors considered two types of insecticide use: 1-Plants treated with insecticides and 2-Plants not treated with insecticides, and four ways to bag the bunches with nonwoven fabric (TNT): T1-Bagging flower, T2-Bagging the bunches with fruits with a 1.5 cm diameter, T3-Bagging the bunches with fruits with a 3.0 cm diameter, and T4-Bunches not bagged (control). Variations in color parameters (brightness and hue angle) and firmness did not compromise the fruit quality when bagging was conducted in the flower stage (T1) or when the fruits had a 1.5 cm diameter (T2). The other parameters (titratable acidity, total soluble solids, total carotenoids, lycopene and ß-carotene) showed no change when compared to the control. Bagging the tomato bunches in the flower stage or when the fruits had a 1.5 cm diameter did not change the postharvest quality.La posibilidad de producción sin el uso de insecticidas químicos o la reducción de los mismos, asociada a las exigencias de los consumidores ha motivado a los cultivadores a volver a la práctica de embolsado del fruto, pero es posible que esta técnica cause cambios en las características visuales y organolépticas del mismo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los posibles cambios en las características poscosecha en los frutos de tomate ‘Valerin’ producidos dentro de las bolsas de textil no tejido (TNT) y validar el mejor período para la finalización del embolsado. Los frutos utilizados fueron de una plantación comercial de tomate, ubicada en “Ubajara”, Estado de “Ceará”, Brasil. El diseño experimental fue bloques al azar en factorial 2 × 4, con cinco repeticiones. Los factores considerados se refieren a dos formas de uso de los insecticidas: 1-Plantas tratadas con insecticidas y 2-Plantas no tratadas con insecticidas y cuatro formas de embolsar los racimos con tejido no tejido (TNT): T1-Empaqueta flor, T2-Embolsado de los racimos con frutos de 1,5 cm de diámetro, T3-Embolsado de los racimos con frutos de 3,0 cm de diámetro, T4-Racimos no embolsados (control). Las variaciones en los parámetros de color (brillo y ángulo de tono) y firmeza no comprometieron la calidad del fruto cuando se embolsaba en la etapa de flor (T1) o cuando los frutos tenían 1,5 cm de diámetro (T2). Los otros parámetros (acidez titulable, sólidos solubles totales, carotenoides totales, licopeno y ß-caroteno) no mostraron cambios en comparación con el control. Embolsar racimos de tomate cuando se realizan en la etapa de flor o cuando los frutos tienen alrededor de 1,5 cm de diámetro no cambia la calidad poscosecha.Bibliografía: páginas 86-88-Artículo revisado por pares

Proceedings of the 13th annual conference of INEBRIA

CITATION: Watson, R., et al. 2016. Proceedings of the 13th annual conference of INEBRIA. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 11:13, doi:10.1186/s13722-016-0062-9.The original publication is available at https://ascpjournal.biomedcentral.comENGLISH SUMMARY : Meeting abstracts.https://ascpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13722-016-0062-9Publisher's versio

PROGRESSO TEMPORAL E CONTROLE DA ANTRACNOSE EM BANANA NO SEMIÁRIDO NORTE MINEIRO

RESUMO A antracnose é uma das principais doenças pós-colheita em bananas. O trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar, durante dez meses, a intensidade da antracnose e o efeito da lavagem e sanitização das frutas no controle da doença em pós-colheita de bananas. O experimento foi realizado de setembro de 2013 a junho de 2014. As coletas dos frutos foram realizadas, mensalmente, em cinco propriedades comerciais localizadas nos municípios de Jaíba, Janaúba e Nova Porteirinha, cultivadas com banana ‘Prata-Anã’. As pencas foram subdivididas em buquês de três frutos, o delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial e submetidos aos tratamentos: frutos sem a realização da lavagem (testemunha); frutos lavados na propriedade; frutos lavados no laboratório com hipoclorito de sódio a 2%; frutos lavados no laboratório com hipoclorito de sódio a 2% seguido de aplicação com fungicida Imazalil. As avaliações foram realizadas em 10 épocas e os tratamentos repetidos cinco vezes. Calculou-se área abaixo da curva de progresso da intensidade (AACPI) e área abaixo da curva de progresso da severidade (AACPS). Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas através do teste de Scott-Knott, a 5% de probabilidade. A maior intensidade de antracnose em bananas no Norte de Minas ocorre nos meses de novembro de 2013 a março de 2014. A menor intensidade ocorre nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2013 e abril a junho de 2014. Nos meses de novembro a março, época de maior intensidade de doença, a lavagem dos frutos com detergente neutro e hipoclorito de sódio a 2% seguida de aplicação do fungicida Imazalil é a técnica mais eficiente de controle. A lavagem dos frutos, apenas com detergente neutro pode favorecer o aparecimento de antracnose, pela degradação da cutícula

Entomofauna diversity in areas of Caatinga under forest management in the semi-arid region of Ceará

The Caatinga is characterised by deciduous plant species. The practice in this ecosystem is the production of firewood which, when carried out with no technical criteria, contributes to a reduction in the biodiversity and degradation of the biome. Forest Management Planning has been approved by the Ministry of the Environment; a lower impact on the environment is expected, as there is still little information on the effect on biodiversity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity of soil fauna in areas that adopt a Forest Management Plan. Five areas were selected that adopt Forest Management Planning: Area T1, unexploited for six months; Area T2, unexploited for 2-3 years; Area T3 unexploited for 5-6 years; Area T4, unexploited for 10-11 years; and the Control Area (unexploited). Four pitfall traps were installed in each area. The Shannon-Weaver (H’) Index, the Pielou Uniformity Index (e) and the Species Richness Index were calculated for the purpose of estimating the existing biodiversity. Total richness varied from 7 to 14 groups for the different collection periods and between the treatments; the highest value for the Shannon Index (0.72) was found during the dry/rainy transition period in the area that had been exploited 5-6 years earlier. The number of specimens is influenced by the various stages of wood exploitation

Patogenicidad de Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromycota: Hyphomycetes) al escarabajo rojo anacardo (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: grupo Blepharida) en condiciones de laboratorio

The increased pest actions of the red cashew beetle Crimissa cruralis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae in Brazilian populations of cashew Anacardium occidentale (Anarcardiaceae) is a cause for concern. The entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, was evaluated as a biocontrol of larvae. The percent mortalities of second and third instar larvae produced by in vivo application of a commercial formulation containing the fungal spores were evaluated. Treatment of larvae at concentrations of 1.2 x 106, 2.5 x 106, 3.7 x 107 e 5.0 x 107 conidia/mL resulted in 49, 56, 66 and 72 % mortality within eight days, respectively. Based on the finding, it is recommended that the B. bassiana formulation should be employed at the lowest concentrations (1.2 x 106 and 2.5 x 106 conidia/mL) with repeat application to avoid possible inactivation of the fungus by abiotic environmental factors. Cost-benefit assessments of the use of this biological agent will be important for determining the economic feasibility of its application in the field.El aumento de la frecuencia de lo escarabajo rojo de la anacardiácea Crimissa cruralis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) en poblaciones de Anacardium occidentale (Anarcardiaceae) del Brasil es motivo de preocupación. Se evaluó la mortalidad (en larvas de segundo y tercer instar) producida por la aplicación in vivo de una formulación comercial con esporas del hongo entomopatógeno, Beauveria bassiana. El tratamiento de larvas con concentraciones de 1,2 x 106, 2,5 x 106, 3,7 x 107 e 5,0 x 107 conidia/Ml resultó en 49, 56, 66 y 72 % de mortalidad dentro de ocho días, respectivamente. Se recomienda emplear la formulación de B. bassiana en las concentraciones más bajas (1,2 x 106 y 2,5 x 106 conidia/mL) con aplicación repetida para evitar la posible inactivación de lo hongo por factores abióticos ambientales. Las evaluaciones de costo-beneficio del uso de este agente biológico serán importantes para determinar la viabilidad económica de su aplicación en el campo

Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromycota: Hyphomycetes) to the red cashew beetle Crimissa cruralis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Blepharida-group) in laboratory conditions.

The increased pest actions of the red cashew beetle Crimissa cruralis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae in Brazilian populations of cashew Anacardium occidentale (Anarcardiaceae) is a cause for concern. The entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, was evaluated as a biocontrol of larvae. The percent mortalities of second and third instar larvae produced by in vivo application of a commercial formulation containing the fungal spores were evaluated. Treatment of larvae at concentrations of 1.2 x 106, 2.5 x 106, 3.7 x 107 e 5.0 x 107 conidia/mL resulted in 49, 56, 66 and 72 % mortality within eight days, respectively. Based on the finding, it is recommended that the B. bassiana formulation should be employed at the lowest concentrations (1.2 x 106 and 2.5 x 106 conidia/mL) with repeat application to avoid possible inactivation of the fungus by abiotic environmental factors. Cost-benefit assessments of the use of this biological agent will be important for determining the economic feasibility of its application in the field