Características de la entrevista fenomenológica en investigación en enfermería

Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre las características de la entrevista fenomenológica como parte de una investigación fenomenológica en investigación en enfermería y presentar algunas recomendaciones prácticas para su realización.Método: Estudio teórico reflexivo realizado en los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2016 sobre el desarrollo de la entrevista fenomenológica en enfermería, basado en la literatura científica y análisis crítico de los autores.Resultados: Se presentan las características de la entrevista fenomenológica y se sugieren algunas recomendaciones prácticas para su aplicación en enfermería.Conclusiones: La entrevista constituye un instrumento valioso para el acceso al fenómeno estudiado en enfermería y desvelado del ser.Palabras clave: Investigación cualitativa. Entrevista. Enfermería

Interaction between ATM and PARP-1 in response to DNA damage and sensitization of ATM deficient cells through PARP inhibition

ATM and PARP-1 are two of the most important players in the cell's response to DNA damage. PARP-1 and ATM recognize and bound to both single and double strand DNA breaks in response to different triggers. Here we report that ATM and PARP-1 form a molecular complex in vivo in undamaged cells and this association increases after γ-irradiation. ATM is also modified by PARP-1 during DNA damage. We have also evaluated the impact of PARP-1 absence or inhibition on ATM-kinase activity and have found that while PARP-1 deficient cells display a defective ATM-kinase activity and reduced γ-H2AX foci formation in response to γ-irradiation, PARP inhibition on itself is able to activate ATM-kinase. PARP inhibition induced γ H2AX foci accumulation, in an ATM-dependent manner. Inhibition of PARP also induces DNA double strand breaks which were dependent on the presence of ATM. As consequence ATM deficient cells display an increased sensitivity to PARP inhibition. In summary our results show that while PARP-1 is needed in the response of ATM to gamma irradiation, the inhibition of PARP induces DNA double strand breaks (which are resolved in and ATM-dependent pathway) and activates ATM kinase

Holographic c-theorems in arbitrary dimensions

We re-examine holographic versions of the c-theorem and entanglement entropy in the context of higher curvature gravity and the AdS/CFT correspondence. We select the gravity theories by tuning the gravitational couplings to eliminate non-unitary operators in the boundary theory and demonstrate that all of these theories obey a holographic c-theorem. In cases where the dual CFT is even-dimensional, we show that the quantity that flows is the central charge associated with the A-type trace anomaly. Here, unlike in conventional holographic constructions with Einstein gravity, we are able to distinguish this quantity from other central charges or the leading coefficient in the entropy density of a thermal bath. In general, we are also able to identify this quantity with the coefficient of a universal contribution to the entanglement entropy in a particular construction. Our results suggest that these coefficients appearing in entanglement entropy play the role of central charges in odd-dimensional CFT's. We conjecture a new c-theorem on the space of odd-dimensional field theories, which extends Cardy's proposal for even dimensions. Beyond holography, we were able to show that for any even-dimensional CFT, the universal coefficient appearing the entanglement entropy which we calculate is precisely the A-type central charge.Comment: 62 pages, 4 figures, few typo's correcte

An adaptive version of k-medoids to deal with the uncertainty in clustering heterogeneous data using an intermediary fusion approach

This paper introduces Hk-medoids, a modified version of the standard k-medoids algorithm. The modification extends the algorithm for the problem of clustering complex heterogeneous objects that are described by a diversity of data types, e.g. text, images, structured data and time series. We first proposed an intermediary fusion approach to calculate fused similarities between objects, SMF, taking into account the similarities between the component elements of the objects using appropriate similarity measures. The fused approach entails uncertainty for incomplete objects or for objects which have diverging distances according to the different component. Our implementation of Hk-medoids proposed here works with the fused distances and deals with the uncertainty in the fusion process. We experimentally evaluate the potential of our proposed algorithm using five datasets with different combinations of data types that define the objects. Our results show the feasibility of the our algorithm, and also they show a performance enhancement when comparing to the application of the original SMF approach in combination with a standard k-medoids that does not take uncertainty into account. In addition, from a theoretical point of view, our proposed algorithm has lower computation complexity than the popular PAM implementation

Infliximab in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease

AbstractInfliximab has been widely used in paediatric Crohn's disease, mainly in luminal and fistulous disease refractory to standard treatment and for extraintestinal manifestations. Moreover, there is growing experience with its use in refractory ulcerative colitis. Infliximab has shown similar efficacy and safety in children as in adult population. It is postulated that its early use in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease, as a bridging treatment until the onset of action of other immunomodulators, could reduce the use of steroids and change the natural history of the disease as well. The effect of infliximab on mucosal healing could also contribute to the normal growth and sexual maturation in these patients