Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2) activity of biogenic gold and silver nanoparticles using seaweed Sargassum wightii

1252-1257Biogenic gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles were synthesized using seaweed Sargassum wightii (Sw) and their antiviral activity against Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2) was evaluated. Efficacy of Sw-Au and Sw-Ag nanoparticles against HSV was estimated by the reduction of cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by HSV, which was observed in a dose-dependent manner. Sw-Au nanoparticles reduced 70% CPE of HSV-1 and HSV-2 at 10 μL and 25 μL, respectively, whereas 2.5 μL Sw-Ag nanoparticles effectively reduced 70% CPE of HSV-1 and HSV-2. Cytotoxicity was estimated in Vero cells by MTT assay. Sw-Au nanoparticles were significantly non-toxic in all the concentrations tested, whereas Sw-Ag nanoparticles were found to be toxic in higher concentrations. Sw-Au nanoparticles showed cell viability of 93.12-85.18 % in the range of 2.5-25 µL, and Sw-Ag nanoparticles showed cell viability of 97.21-21.91% in the range of 1-10 μL. Sw-Au and Sw-Ag nanoparticles effectively reduce the CPE caused by both HSV-1 and HSV-2 in Vero cells and can be used to treat HSV infections

Dynamic replica replacement strategy in data grid

Data replication strategy is widely adopted for large scale data-intensive applications in distributed network such as data grid. Replication approach can shorten the time of fetching the files by creating many replicas stored in appropriate sites. However, due to the limited storage capacity of each node, replicas that are beneficial for future jobs can be wastefully removed and replaced with less valuable ones. Therefore, it is important to have efficient replication optimization that can dynamically choose the replicas for replacement while satisfying Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and storage capacity constraints. In this paper, we present a dynamic replica replacement strategy, named Least Value Replacement (LVR), which can ascertain the importance of valuable replicas in a grid site. The LVR algorithms can automatically decide on which replica to be replaced whenever the storage element of the grid site is full based on information such as access frequency and files future value. The performance evaluation of LVR and other replication algorithms are carried out by simulation. The result shows that LVR performs better than other replication strategies. Thus, the contribution of this paper provides another aspect of replication strategy by minimizing the job execution time for overall data grid performance

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Deep vein thrombosis: A rare complication in oral and maxillofacial surgery: A review of two cases

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is caused by obstruction of blood flow of deep veins in upper and lower limb. One of the precipitating factors for DVT is surgery under general anesthesia exceeding 30 min. However, there are very few reports of DVT associated with surgery of oral and maxillofacial region. In this paper we report two cases of DVT involving left ilio-femoropopliteal deep vein in one patient treated for fractured left angle of mandible and left peroneal vein in the other patient treated for oral sub mucous fibrosis. Clinical and color Doppler examination were performed to diagnose the condition and were referred to vascular surgical unit of higher institute for further management. These cases illustrates any surgery of maxillofacial region is not free from risk of DVT, which can cause fatal pulmonary thromboembolism

Methods to solve half-plane partial slip contact problems

There exists a family of methods for finding the extent of partial slip in contact problems between elastically similar bodies, capable of idealisation by half-planes. Closed form solutions are given to problems subject to a constant normal load and subsequent application of either an increasing shear force or differential bulk tension parallel with the surface. The starting point may be either a sliding contact (as is customary), or a fully adhered contact. The corrections required to impose a point-wise interpretation of Coulomb’s law of friction may be either in the form of a shear traction distribution or as dislocation arrays. The latter, when applied to the fully adhered contact, has the merit of automatically preserving the locked-in relative surface strains

Half-plane partial slip contact problems with a constant normal load subject to a shear force and differential bulk tension

This article provides a new form of solution to half-plane contact problems in partial slip where a normal load has been applied, held constant and is subsequently loaded with both a shear force and differential bulk tension. It uses a formulation where a displacement correction is made to the fully stuck solution. An approximate solution is used to study an isolated contact edge, which employs an asymptotic solution to each edge of the contact. A comparison of the approximation with the exact solution is given to show the range of loading where the asymptotic solution gives good results