269 research outputs found
Participation according to the law? The research-based knowledge on citizen participation in Norwegian municipal planning
Source at http://doi.org/10.30689/EJSD2018:67.1650-9544. Citizen participation is enshrined in the Norwegian Planning and Building Act
(PBA) 1985 and accentuated by the 2008 revision of the PBA. In this article,
we ask if the research on participation in municipal planning is sufficient to
draw conclusions on whether the Act is effective with regard to both the
spirit and the letter of the law. The guiding framework for the analysis is
based on the concepts of input and output legitimacy and the distinction
between ‘tidy’ and ‘untidy’ participation. The analysis is based on scientific
publications published after the 2008 revision of the PBA. We find that the
majority of the research concentrates on zoning plans and municipalityinitiated ‘tidy’ participation. As a result, there are gaps in the research with
regard to both the planning context and the interconnectedness of different
forms of participation. Therefore, the research reviewed can only partially
inform the law-makers on the functioning of the Act
The ability to enter into an avirulent viable but non-culturable (VBNC) form is widespread among Listeria monocytogenes isolates from salmon, patients and environment
Media-based bacteriological testing will fail to detect non-culturable organisms and the risk of consuming viable but non-culturable (VBNC) Listeria monocytogenes is unknown. We have here studied whether L. monocytogenes obtained from seafoods, processing environment and clinical cases enter the VBNC state and assessed the virulence of the non-culturable forms of the bacteria. A number of 16 L. monocytogenes strains were starved in microcosm water at 4 °C until loss of culturability. Metabolic activity in the VBNC form was measured as ATP generation using a luciferase assay and membrane integrity was examined using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight assay. All tested L. monocytogenes strains entered the VBNC state after starvation in microcosm water. Ongoing mRNA synthesis of hly in VBNC L. monocytogenes cells re-incubated in culture medium indicated a potential virulence of these forms. Sodium pyruvate and replenishment of nutrient were used in attempts to resuscitate VBNC cells. However, VBNC L. monocytogenes were not resuscitated under these conditions. VBNC L. monocytogenes were tested for virulence in a cell plaque assay and by intraperitoneally inoculation in immunodeficient RAG1−/− mice. Inoculation of VBNC L. monocytogenes in immunodeficient mice did not cause morbidity, and plaque assay on HT-29 cells in culture indicated that the VBNC cells were avirulent. The results indicate that the risk of non-culturable L. monocytogenes in foods, when the VBNC state is induced by starvation, is negligible
Participation according to the law? The research-based knowledge on citizen participation in Norwegian municipal planning
Citizen participation is enshrined in the Norwegian Planning and Building Act
(PBA) 1985 and accentuated by the 2008 revision of the PBA. In this article,
we ask if the research on participation in municipal planning is sufficient to
draw conclusions on whether the Act is effective with regard to both the
spirit and the letter of the law. The guiding framework for the analysis is
based on the concepts of input and output legitimacy and the distinction
between ‘tidy’ and ‘untidy’ participation. The analysis is based on scientific
publications published after the 2008 revision of the PBA. We find that the
majority of the research concentrates on zoning plans and municipalityinitiated ‘tidy’ participation. As a result, there are gaps in the research with
regard to both the planning context and the interconnectedness of different
forms of participation. Therefore, the research reviewed can only partially
inform the law-makers on the functioning of the Act.publishedVersio
Student Perspectives on Academic Ethics
This panel will consist of undergraduate and graduate students who will answer specific questions regarding academic ethics and discuss their positions with the audience. Case study examples will be posed for student/audience discussion and interaction
Análisis de capacidad de redes de acceso radio centralizadas en escenarios heterogéneos
En este trabajo se propone un método de análisis de capacidad para una red de acceso centralizada compuesta por macroceldas y celdas pequeñas. Para ello, se implementa la Coordinación de Interferencia Inter-Celda (ICIC) y la transmisión/recepción multipunto coordinada (CoMP) para evaluar su influencia en la red en la red bajo diferentes niveles de carga y restricciones de coordinación. La fase de pruebas se lleva a cabo mediante una herramienta de planificación de redes radio. Esta herramienta se utiliza para evaluar las métricas de eficiencia espectral y la asignación de recursos compartidos por celda obtenidos en una red heterogénea LTE real. Los resultados presentan las condiciones de carga y coordinación entre celdas necesarias para conseguir mejoras de capacidad en el sistema.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech
Media Systems and the Political Information Environment: A Cross-National Comparison
To express attitudes and act according to their self-interest, citizens need relevant, up-to-date information about current affairs. But has the increased commercialization in the media market increased or decreased the flow of political information? Hallin and Mancini stress that the existing empirical evidence is fragmented and that this question therefore has been difficult to answer. In this article the authors present new data that allow them to systematically examine how the flow of political information on TV occurs across six Western countries during a thirty-year period. The authors find that the flow of political information through TV varies according to the degree of commercialization. The flow of news and current affairs is lowest in the most commercially oriented television system and among the commercial TV channels. There is however important cross-national variation even within similar media systems. The authors’ data do not suggest a convergence toward the liberal system when it comes to the political information environment on TV. Rather, what strikes them is how strongly resistant some European countries have been to subordinating the needs of democracy to profit making
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