611 research outputs found

    Direct enhancement of nuclear singlet order by dynamic nuclear polarization

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    Hyperpolarized singlet order is available immediately after dissolution DNP, avoiding need for additional preparation steps. We demonstrate this procedure on a sample of [1,2–13C2]pyruvic aci

    Polarizability of a dielectric hemisphere

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    This article presents a method for solving the polarizability of a dielectric hemispherical object as a function of its relative electric permittivity. The polarizability of a hemisphere depends on the direction of the exciting electric field. Therefore, the polarizability can be written as a dyadic consisting of two components, the axial and the transversal polarizabilities, which can be solved separately. The solution is based on an analytical approach where the electrostatic potential function is written as a series expansion. However, no closed-form solution for the coefficients of the series is found, so they must be solved from a matrix equation. This method provides very high accuracy. However, it requires construction of large matrices which consumes both time and memory. Therefore, approximative expressions for the polarizabilities with absolute error less than 10−5 are also presented.Peer reviewe

    Tunteet työyhteisössÀ:induktiovaiheen varhaiskasvatuksen opettajien kokemuksia

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    TiivistelmÀ. Viime aikoina varhaiskasvatuksen piirissÀ on kiinnitetty huomiota tunnekasvatukseen ja tunteiden merkitykseen. Tunteet ovat myös vahvasti lÀsnÀ varhaiskasvatuksen opettajien arjessa, koska he luovat toiminnallaan tunteiden mallia lapsille. Induktiovaihe eli työuran ensimmÀiset viisi vuotta ovat emotionaalisesti herkkÀÀ aikaa. Koulutuksen ja työuran nivelvaiheessa kohdataan työn todellisuus. Koimme merkityksellisenÀ tutkia juuri induktiovaiheen varhaiskasvatuksen opettajien kokemuksia siitÀ, miten tunteisiin suhtaudutaan työyhteisössÀ ja millaista tukea tunteiden kÀsittelyyn on tarjolla. Tutkimuksessamme pÀÀpaino on negatiivisissa tunteissa, sillÀ ne nÀhdÀÀn useimmiten ongelmallisina. Tunteet linkittyvÀt vahvasti työhyvinvointiin, sillÀ ne vaikuttavat jaksamiseen ja työssÀ suoriutumiseen. Halusimme selvittÀÀ myös, miten varhaiskasvatuksen opettajat kokevat tunteiden vaikuttavan työhyvinvointiin. Tutkimuksemme kohteena ovat induktiovaiheen varhaiskasvatuksen opettajien kokemukset tunteisiin liittyen, joten valitsimme fenomenologisen tutkimusmenetelmÀn. TÀmÀ menetelmÀ keskittyy tutkimaan juuri kokemuksia. Tutkimuksemme aineiston kerÀsimme sÀhköisellÀ kyselylomakkeella. Saimme kyselyyn yhteensÀ 12 vastausta ammattikorkeakoulu- ja yliopistotaustaisilta induktiovaiheen varhaiskasvatuksen opettajilta ympÀri Suomea. Aineiston analyysin toteutimme tulkitsevan fenomenologisen analysointimenetelmÀn mukaisesti. Sen mukaan analyysi tapahtuu vaihe kerrallaan ja aineistosta muodostetaan teemoja. Tutkimuksemme tuloksista nousi esille, ettÀ työyhteisöissÀ suhtaudutaan tunteisiin vaihtelevasti. Työyhteisön avoimuudella oli vaikutusta siihen, kuinka tunteisiin suhtaudutaan. Ammatillisuus vaikutti tunteiden tukahduttamiseen ja sÀÀtelemiseen, koska oman esimerkin nÀhtiin olevan merkityksellistÀ tunnekasvatusta ajatellen. Koulutuksessa harjoittelut koettiin tunteiden kannalta merkittÀvÀksi. Tulosten mukaan työn ulkopuoliset ystÀvÀt koettiin tÀrkeimmÀksi tukiverkostoksi, mutta vaitiolovelvollisuus muodostui ongelmaksi tÀssÀ tilanteessa. TÀmÀn vuoksi työpaikan tiimi koettiin myös tÀrkeÀnÀ tukena. Työpaikan tunneilmapiirin koettiin vaikuttavan työhyvinvointiin. Negatiiviset tunteet vaikuttavat tulosten mukaan työmotivaatioon. Tunteet tarttuvat helposti toisiin ja sitÀ kautta vaikuttavat työilmapiiriin. Tunteiden kÀsittelyyn kaivattaisiinkin tukea jo koulutuksesta lÀhtien. Lapset joutuvat kÀrsimÀÀn liiallisesta negatiivisuudesta, sillÀ se vaikuttaa huomattavasti työn laatuun. Omien tunteiden kÀsittelyn kannalta samassa elÀmÀntilanteessa, esimerkiksi induktiovaiheessa, olevat opettajat voivat toimia hyvÀnÀ tukena. Työn hektisyyden vuoksi tunteet joudutaan usein siirtÀmÀÀn syrjÀÀn, sillÀ niiden kÀsittelemiseen ei ole aikaa

    Disney-elokuvat tunnekasvatuksen apuna

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    TiivistelmĂ€. Tunteet ovat osa kokonaisvaltaista hyvinvointia, joten niiden ymmĂ€rtĂ€minen ovat merkittĂ€vĂ€ taito oppia jo lapsuudessa. Tunteiden oikeanlainen tunnistaminen, nimeĂ€minen ja hyvĂ€ksyminen lapsena auttavat tunteiden kohtaamista aikuisena. Uudessa varhaiskasvatussuunnitelmassa painotetaan aikaisempaa enemmĂ€n tunnekasvatuksen merkitystĂ€. Tutkimuksemme tarkoituksena oli ensimmĂ€isen tutkimuskysymyksen avulla selvittÀÀ Disney-elokuvien mahdollisuutta osaksi monipuolista tunnekasvatusta. NĂ€in pyrimme tuomaan uutta nĂ€kökulmaa tunnekasvatuksen toteuttamiseen. Toinen tutkimuskysymys johdatteli meitĂ€ etsimÀÀn Disney-elokuvissa esiintyviĂ€ tunteiden ilmaisun tehokeinoja. TĂ€mĂ€ edesauttoi löytĂ€mÀÀn kolmanteen tutkimuskysymykseen “Miten tunnekarttojen tunnekohdat nĂ€kyvĂ€t Disney-elokuvien hahmojen tunteiden ilmaisussa?” vastauksia. Tutkimus on toteutettu laadullisena elokuva-analyysinĂ€, jonka tarkastelun nĂ€kökulmana on rakenneanalyysi. TĂ€ssĂ€ empiirisessĂ€ tutkimuksessa olemme vertailleet tunnekarttoja ja Disney-elokuvissa esiintyvÀÀ hahmojen tunteiden ilmaisua. Yhdeksi kriittiseksi kohdaksi tutkimuksessamme nousi sen luotettavuus, sillĂ€ olemme suorittaneet analysoinnin kahdestaan. KĂ€ytimme kuitenkin analyysin tukena monipuolista lĂ€hdekirjallisuutta. YleistettĂ€vyyttĂ€ tuli myös pohtia kriittisesti pienen otoskoon johdosta. Tutkimuksemme kattoi kolme Walt Disney Picturesin suosituinta elokuvaa. Tutkimus osoitti, ettĂ€ Disney-elokuvia voidaan kĂ€yttÀÀ materiaalina tunnekasvatukseen, esimerkiksi hyödyntĂ€mĂ€llĂ€ elokuvien musiikkia. Elokuvien avulla voidaan kĂ€sitellĂ€ haastaviakin tunteita, turvallisen etÀÀltĂ€. Disney-elokuvista löytyi yhtĂ€lĂ€isyyksiĂ€ tunnekarttojen kanssa, mikĂ€ antoi merkityksen elokuvien hahmojen tunteiden ilmaisuun ja samalla myös nĂ€kökulmaa tunnekasvatuksen toteutukseen. NĂ€mĂ€ voivat helpottaa lapsen omien tunteiden tunnistamista. Jatkotutkimuksena pohdimme empiiristĂ€ tutkimusta lasten nĂ€kökulmasta. Lapset voivat kokea tunteita eri tavalla kuin aikuiset, joten tĂ€llöin lasten ÀÀni saataisiin kuuluviin. Tunnekasvatuksen lisĂ€ksi tutkimukseen voisi ottaa esimerkiksi suvaitsevaisuuskasvatuksen nĂ€kökulman.Disney movies supporting emotional education. Abstract. Emotions are part of holistic well-being, so handling and understanding them are important skills to learn in childhood. Proper identification, naming, and acceptance of feelings as a child will help you to confront emotions as adults. The new Early Childhood Education Plan emphasizes the importance of emotional education. The purpose of our first research question was to investigate the possibility of Disney films becoming a part of versatile emotional education. By this we strive to bring a new perspective to the realization of emotional education. The second research question led us to seek out the powerful means of expressing emotion in Disney movies. This helped us to find the answers to the third research question, "How do emotional points in bodily maps of emotions appear in the expressions of emotions of characters in Disney films?" The research has been carried out as a qualitative film analysis, the analysis of which is based on structural analysis. In this empirical study, we have compared emotional maps and the expression of emotions in characters in Disney movies. One of the critical points in our research was its reliability because we have carried out the analysis on our own. However, we used versatile source literature to support the analysis. Publicity also had to be critically considered due to the small sample size. Our research covered three of Walt Disney Pictures’ most popular films. The research showed that Disney films could be used as material for emotional education, for example, by using movie music. Movies can handle challenging emotions safely from a distance. Disney movies found similarities with the bodily maps of emotions, which gave meaning to the expression of the emotions of the movie characters and at the same time the perspective of emotional education. These can help identify the child’s feelings. As a follow-up study, we consider empirical research from a child’s perspective. Children can experience feelings differently from adults, so the voice of the children can be heard. In addition to emotional education the perspective of tolerance education could be taken into consideration

    The effects of dietary resin acid inclusion on productive, physiological and rumen microbiome responses of dairy cows during early lactation

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    Dairy cows have intense fluctuations in digestive, metabolic and hormonal systems around calving which predispose them to various disorders and health problems. The aim of the current experiment was to investigate feed and nutrient intake, rumen fermentation, rumen bacterial communities, milk production, milk fatty acid composition and plasma biomarker profiles of dairy cows to assess the modulation of these functions by in-feed resin acid inclusion. Thirty-six Nordic Red cows were used in a continuous feeding trial starting 3 weeks prepartum and lasting for 10 weeks into the lactation. The cows were fed grass silage ad libitum and the dietary treatments were 1) control with basal concentrate (CON), 2) CON supplemented with tall oil fatty acids (TOFA; 90 % fatty acids and 9% resin acids) at 7.0 g/cow/day and 3) CON supplemented with resin acid concentrate (RAC; 37.5% resin acids) at 1.7 g/cow/day. The mixture of resin acids in TOFA and RAC, consisting mostly of abietic and dehydroabietic acids, originated from coniferous tree species Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea abies L. Feed intake and milk production were measured throughout the experimental period. Milk and blood samples were collected at weeks 2, 3, 6 and 10, and rumen fluid was sampled at weeks 2 and 10 of lactation to analyse rumen fermentation and rumen bacterial communities. The dynamics in feed intake and milk production with progressing lactation showed typical curvilinear trends (P for timePeer reviewe

    Does landscape-scale conservation management enhance the provision of ecosystem services?

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    Biodiversity conservation approaches are increasingly being implemented at the landscape-scale to support the maintenance of metapopulations and metacommunities. However, the impact of such interventions on the provision of ecosystem services is less well defined. Here we examine the potential impacts of landscape-scale conservation initiatives on ecosystem services, through analysis of five case study areas in England and Wales. The provision of multiple ecosystem services was projected according to current management plans and compared with a baseline scenario. Multicriteria analysis indicated that in most cases landscape-scale approaches lead to an overall increase in service provision. Consistent increases were projected in carbon storage, recreation and aesthetic value, as well as biodiversity value. However, most study areas provided evidence of trade-offs, particularly between provisioning services and other types of service. Results differed markedly between study areas, highlighting the importance of local context. These results suggest that landscape-scale conservation approaches are likely to be effective in increasing ecosystem service provision, but also indicate that associated costs can be significant, particularly in lowland areas

    Personalized drug sensitivity screening for bladder cancer using conditionally reprogrammed patient-derived cells

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    Many patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BC) are either ineligible for or do not benefit from cisplatin-based chemotherapy, and there is an unmet need to estimate individuals’ drug sensitivities. We investigated the suitability of conditionally reprogrammed (CR) cells for the characterization of BC properties and their feasibility for personalized drug sensitivity screening. The CR cultures were established from six BC tumors with varying histology and stage. Four cultures were successfully propagated for genomic, transcriptomic, and protein expression profiling and compared to the parental tumors. Two out of four CR cultures (urothelial carcinoma and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma [SmCC]) corresponded well to their parental tumors and underwent drug sensitivity screening to identify novel drugs for the respective tumors. Both cultures were sensitive to standard BC chemotherapy agents (eg cisplatin and gemcitabine) and to conventional drugs such as taxanes and inhibitors of topoisomerase and proteasome. The SmCC cells were also sensitive to statins (eg, atorvastatin and pitavastatin). In summary, after confirming their representativeness and origin, we conclude that CR cells are a feasible platform for personalized drug sensitivity testing and might thus add to the approaches used to personalize BC treatment strategies

    Biodiversity conservation across scales: lessons from a science–policy dialogue

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    One of the core challenges of biodiversity conservation is to better understand the interconnectedness and interactions of scales in ecological and governance processes. These interrelationships constitute not only a complex analytical challenge but they also open up a channel for deliberative discussions and knowledge exchange between and among various societal actors which may themselves be operating at various scales, such as policy makers, land use planners, members of NGOs, and researchers. In this paper, we discuss and integrate the perspectives of various disciplines academics and stakeholders who participated in a workshop on scales of European biodiversity governance organised in Brussels in the autumn of 2010. The 23 participants represented various governmental agencies and NGOs from the European, national, and sub-national levels. The data from the focus group discussions of the workshop were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The core scale-related challenges of biodiversity policy identified by the participants were cross-level and cross-sector limitations as well as ecological, social and social-ecological complexities that potentially lead to a variety of scale-related mismatches. As ways to address these cha- llenges the participants highlighted innovations, and an aim to develop new interdisciplinary approaches to support the processes aiming to solve current scale challenges
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