The demand for urban transport: An application of discrete choice model for Cadiz

The study of the demand for transport has among others applications, the valuation of travel time saving that is a very important question in cost-benefit analysis, and to adopt transport policy tools. Since McFadden developed a discrete choice model for travel demand, it has usually been the application of this model to study the individual behaviour when he has to choice among transport modes. Citizens of big cities have to face traffic congestion; pollution, wasted time in travels and fuel, noise, stress and accidents are the costs imposed by congestion to society, elements that reduce the quality of life in cities. Public transport is a real alternative to private transport that is socially less expensive, for this reason this paper tries to forecast travel demand for public transport in Cadiz when travelling have to choice between public or private transport, using a discrete choice model. The results of this analysis (travel demand, value of time, elasticities) can be used to design transport policies that could reduce congestion.

On an adaptive stabilized mixed finite element method for the Oseen problem with mixed boundary conditions

We consider the Oseen problem with nonhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions on a part of the boundary and a Neumann type boundary condition on the remaining part. Suitable least squares terms that arise from the constitutive law, the momentum equation and the Dirichlet boundary condition are added to a dual-mixed formulation based on the pseudostress- velocity variables. We prove that the new augmented variational formulation and the corresponding Galerkin scheme are well-posed, and a Céa estimate holds for any finite element subspaces. We also provide the rate of convergence when each row of the pseudostress is approximated by Raviart–Thomas elements and the velocity is approximated by continuous piecewise polynomials. We develop an a posteriori error analysis based on a Helmholtz-type decomposition, and derive a posteriori error indicators that consist of two residual terms per element except on those elements with a side on the Dirichlet boundary, where they both have two additional terms. We prove that these a posteriori error indicators are reliable and locally efficient. Finally, we provide several numerical experiments that support the theoretical results. ⃝c 2020TheAuthor(s).PublishedbyElsevierB.V.Thisisanopenaccessarticleundert

A posteriori error analysis of an augmented mixed finite element method for Darcy flow

We develop an a posteriori error analysis of residual type of a stabilized mixed finite element method for Darcy flow. The stabilized formulation is obtained by adding to the standard dual-mixed approach suitable residual type terms arising from Darcy's law and the mass conservation equation. We derive sufficient conditions on the stabilization parameters that guarantee that the augmented variational formulation and the corresponding Galerkin scheme are well-posed. Then, we obtain a simple a posteriori error estimator and prove that it is reliable and locally efficient. Finally, we provide several numerical experiments that illustrate the theoretical results and support the use of the corresponding adaptive algorithm in practice

Chemical Engineering of Photoactivity in Heterometallic Titanium-Organic Frameworks by Metal Doping

[EN] We report a new family of titanium-organic frameworks that enlarges the limited number of crystalline, porous materials available for this metal. They are chemically robust and can be prepared as single crystals at multi-gram scale from multiple precursors. Their heterometallic structure enables engineering of their photoactivity by metal doping rather than by linker functionalization. Compared to other methodologies based on the post-synthetic metallation of MOFs, our approach is well-fitted for controlling the positioning of dopants at an atomic level to gain more precise control over the band-gap and electronic properties of the porous solid. Changes in the band-gap are also rationalized with computational modelling and experimentally confirmed by photocatalytic H-2 production.This work was supported by the EU (ERC Stg Chem-fs-MOF 714122) and Spanish MINECO (MDM-2015-0538, MAT2016-75586-C4-4-P & CTQ2017-83486-P). C.M.-G. and J.C.-G. thank the Spanish MINECO for a Ramon y Cajal Fellowship and FPI Scholarship (CTQ2014-59209-P), respectively. N.M.P. thanks the Junta de Andalucia for post-doctoral fellowship (P10-FQM-6050). BSC-RES and UG-Alhambra are acknowledged for the computational resources and F. Lloret for helpful discussions.Castells-Gil, J.; Padial, NM.; Almora-Barrios, N.; Albero-Sancho, J.; Ruiz-Salvador, AR.; Gonzalez-Platas, J.; García Gómez, H.... (2018). Chemical Engineering of Photoactivity in Heterometallic Titanium-Organic Frameworks by Metal Doping. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 57(28):8453-8457. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201802089S845384575728Furukawa, H., Cordova, K. E., O’Keeffe, M., & Yaghi, O. M. (2013). The Chemistry and Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks. Science, 341(6149), 1230444-1230444. doi:10.1126/science.1230444Adil, K., Belmabkhout, Y., Pillai, R. S., Cadiau, A., Bhatt, P. M., Assen, A. H., … Eddaoudi, M. (2017). Gas/vapour separation using ultra-microporous metal–organic frameworks: insights into the structure/separation relationship. Chemical Society Reviews, 46(11), 3402-3430. doi:10.1039/c7cs00153cHowarth, A. J., Liu, Y., Li, P., Li, Z., Wang, T. C., Hupp, J. T., & Farha, O. K. (2016). Chemical, thermal and mechanical stabilities of metal–organic frameworks. Nature Reviews Materials, 1(3). doi:10.1038/natrevmats.2015.18Colombo, V., Galli, S., Choi, H. J., Han, G. D., Maspero, A., Palmisano, G., … Long, J. R. (2011). High thermal and chemical stability in pyrazolate-bridged metal–organic frameworks with exposed metal sites. Chemical Science, 2(7), 1311. doi:10.1039/c1sc00136aPark, K. S., Ni, Z., Cote, A. P., Choi, J. Y., Huang, R., Uribe-Romo, F. J., … Yaghi, O. M. (2006). Exceptional chemical and thermal stability of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(27), 10186-10191. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602439103Cavka, J. H., Jakobsen, S., Olsbye, U., Guillou, N., Lamberti, C., Bordiga, S., & Lillerud, K. P. (2008). A New Zirconium Inorganic Building Brick Forming Metal Organic Frameworks with Exceptional Stability. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(42), 13850-13851. doi:10.1021/ja8057953Devic, T., & Serre, C. (2014). High valence 3p and transition metal based MOFs. Chem. Soc. Rev., 43(16), 6097-6115. doi:10.1039/c4cs00081aBai, Y., Dou, Y., Xie, L.-H., Rutledge, W., Li, J.-R., & Zhou, H.-C. (2016). Zr-based metal–organic frameworks: design, synthesis, structure, and applications. Chemical Society Reviews, 45(8), 2327-2367. doi:10.1039/c5cs00837aAssi, H., Mouchaham, G., Steunou, N., Devic, T., & Serre, C. (2017). Titanium coordination compounds: from discrete metal complexes to metal–organic frameworks. Chemical Society Reviews, 46(11), 3431-3452. doi:10.1039/c7cs00001dDan-Hardi, M., Serre, C., Frot, T., Rozes, L., Maurin, G., Sanchez, C., & Férey, G. (2009). A New Photoactive Crystalline Highly Porous Titanium(IV) Dicarboxylate. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(31), 10857-10859. doi:10.1021/ja903726mGao, J., Miao, J., Li, P.-Z., Teng, W. Y., Yang, L., Zhao, Y., … Zhang, Q. (2014). A p-type Ti(iv)-based metal–organic framework with visible-light photo-response. Chem. Commun., 50(29), 3786-3788. doi:10.1039/c3cc49440cBueken, B., Vermoortele, F., Vanpoucke, D. E. P., Reinsch, H., Tsou, C.-C., Valvekens, P., … De Vos, D. (2015). A Flexible Photoactive Titanium Metal-Organic Framework Based on a [TiIV3(μ3-O)(O)2(COO)6] Cluster. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 54(47), 13912-13917. doi:10.1002/anie.201505512Bueken, B., Vermoortele, F., Vanpoucke, D. E. P., Reinsch, H., Tsou, C.-C., Valvekens, P., … De Vos, D. (2015). A Flexible Photoactive Titanium Metal-Organic Framework Based on a [TiIV3(μ3-O)(O)2(COO)6] Cluster. Angewandte Chemie, 127(47), 14118-14123. doi:10.1002/ange.201505512Yuan, S., Liu, T.-F., Feng, D., Tian, J., Wang, K., Qin, J., … Zhou, H.-C. (2015). A single crystalline porphyrinic titanium metal–organic framework. Chemical Science, 6(7), 3926-3930. doi:10.1039/c5sc00916bYuan, S., Qin, J.-S., Xu, H.-Q., Su, J., Rossi, D., Chen, Y., … Zhou, H.-C. (2017). [Ti8Zr2O12(COO)16] Cluster: An Ideal Inorganic Building Unit for Photoactive Metal–Organic Frameworks. ACS Central Science, 4(1), 105-111. doi:10.1021/acscentsci.7b00497Dhakshinamoorthy, A., Asiri, A. M., & García, H. (2016). Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Compounds: Photocatalysts for Redox Reactions and Solar Fuel Production. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 55(18), 5414-5445. doi:10.1002/anie.201505581Dhakshinamoorthy, A., Asiri, A. M., & Garcia, H. (2016). Metall-organische Gerüstverbindungen: Photokatalysatoren für Redoxreaktion und die Produktion von Solarbrennstoffen. Angewandte Chemie, 128(18), 5504-5535. doi:10.1002/ange.201505581Deng, X., Li, Z., & García, H. (2017). Visible Light Induced Organic Transformations Using Metal-Organic-Frameworks (MOFs). Chemistry - A European Journal, 23(47), 11189-11209. doi:10.1002/chem.201701460Horiuchi, Y., Toyao, T., Saito, M., Mochizuki, K., Iwata, M., Higashimura, H., … Matsuoka, M. (2012). Visible-Light-Promoted Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production by Using an Amino-Functionalized Ti(IV) Metal–Organic Framework. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 116(39), 20848-20853. doi:10.1021/jp3046005Hendon, C. H., Tiana, D., Fontecave, M., Sanchez, C., D’arras, L., Sassoye, C., … Walsh, A. (2013). Engineering the Optical Response of the Titanium-MIL-125 Metal–Organic Framework through Ligand Functionalization. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 135(30), 10942-10945. doi:10.1021/ja405350uChambers, M. B., Wang, X., Ellezam, L., Ersen, O., Fontecave, M., Sanchez, C., … Mellot-Draznieks, C. (2017). Maximizing the Photocatalytic Activity of Metal–Organic Frameworks with Aminated-Functionalized Linkers: Substoichiometric Effects in MIL-125-NH2. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 139(24), 8222-8228. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b02186Blatov, V. A., Shevchenko, A. P., & Proserpio, D. M. (2014). Applied Topological Analysis of Crystal Structures with the Program Package ToposPro. Crystal Growth & Design, 14(7), 3576-3586. doi:10.1021/cg500498kDelgado-Friedrichs, O., & O’Keeffe, M. (2003). Identification of and symmetry computation for crystal nets. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, 59(4), 351-360. doi:10.1107/s0108767303012017Dincă, M., Han, W. S., Liu, Y., Dailly, A., Brown, C. M., & Long, J. R. (2007). Observation of Cu2+–H2 Interactions in a Fully Desolvated Sodalite-Type Metal–Organic Framework. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 46(9), 1419-1422. doi:10.1002/anie.200604362Dincă, M., Han, W. S., Liu, Y., Dailly, A., Brown, C. M., & Long, J. R. (2007). Observation of Cu2+–H2 Interactions in a Fully Desolvated Sodalite-Type Metal–Organic Framework. Angewandte Chemie, 119(9), 1441-1444. doi:10.1002/ange.200604362Liu, T.-F., Vermeulen, N. A., Howarth, A. J., Li, P., Sarjeant, A. A., Hupp, J. T., & Farha, O. K. (2016). Adding to the Arsenal of Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks: the Topology as a Platform for Solvent-Assisted Metal Incorporation. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2016(27), 4349-4352. doi:10.1002/ejic.201600627Wang, B., Lv, X.-L., Feng, D., Xie, L.-H., Zhang, J., Li, M., … Zhou, H.-C. (2016). Highly Stable Zr(IV)-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for the Detection and Removal of Antibiotics and Organic Explosives in Water. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 138(19), 6204-6216. doi:10.1021/jacs.6b01663Tan, Y.-X., He, Y.-P., & Zhang, J. (2011). Pore partition effect on gas sorption properties of an anionic metal–organic framework with exposed Cu2+ coordination sites. Chemical Communications, 47(38), 10647. doi:10.1039/c1cc14118jZou, L., Feng, D., Liu, T.-F., Chen, Y.-P., Yuan, S., Wang, K., … Zhou, H.-C. (2016). A versatile synthetic route for the preparation of titanium metal–organic frameworks. Chem. Sci., 7(2), 1063-1069. doi:10.1039/c5sc03620hSantaclara, J. G., Kapteijn, F., Gascon, J., & van der Veen, M. A. (2017). Understanding metal–organic frameworks for photocatalytic solar fuel production. CrystEngComm, 19(29), 4118-4125. doi:10.1039/c7ce00006eCremades, E., Echeverría, J., & Alvarez, S. (2010). The Trigonal Prism in Coordination Chemistry. Chemistry - A European Journal, 16(34), 10380-10396. doi:10.1002/chem.200903032Brozek, C. K., & Dincă, M. (2013). Ti3+-, V2+/3+-, Cr2+/3+-, Mn2+-, and Fe2+-Substituted MOF-5 and Redox Reactivity in Cr- and Fe-MOF-5. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 135(34), 12886-12891. doi:10.1021/ja406447

A Performance Analysis Framework for WiFi/WiMAX Heterogeneous Metropolitan Networks Based on Cross-Layer Design

The communication between network nodes within different protocol domains is often regarded simply as a black box with unknown configuration conditions in the path. We address network heterogeneity using a white box approach and focus on its interconnection processes. To achieve this purpose, a Performance Analysis Framework (PAF) is proposed which is composed of the formalization of the latter using process algebra (PA) and the corresponding teletraffic performance models. In this contribution, we target the IEEE 802.16 and IEEE 802.11 protocols. For the teletraffic models, we extend previous models for such scenario with the inclusion of the following protocol operational parameters (metrics): bit error rate (BER), packet error ratio (PER), and packet length (pl). From the framework teletraffic models, the optimal packet length (OPL), end to end throughput, delay, and packet loss are obtained. The PAF outperforms previous modeling solutions in terms of delay and throughput relative to NS3 simulation results. </jats:p

EL RIEGO DE PRECISIÓN EN EL CULTIVO DE FRESA EN LA PROVINCIA DE HUELVA

[ES] El cultivo de fresa es el cultivo con mayor repercusión económica y social de la provincia de Huelva, ya que España es el principal productor de fresa fresca de Europa y el segundo del mundo, situándose el 95% de esa producción en la provincia de Huelva. Sin embargo, la zona donde se desarrolla el cultivo, el entorno del Parque Nacional de Doñana, es una de las zonas de mayor sensibilidad ambiental de Europa y cualquier actividad que se desarrolle debe evitar impactos negativos en el mismo. De lo anterior se deduce la necesidad de buscar un equilibrio para que agricultura y medio ambiente puedan convivir en el entorno de Doñana. Este trabajo se centra precisamente en eso, en optimizar el uso del agua en la zona mediante la implantación del riego de precisión en el cultivo de fresa, que consiste en dar a la planta el agua que necesita en el momento adecuado. La implantación de un sistema de riego de precisión se ha llevado a cabo en la campaña 2013/2014 en una finca comercial de la zona Almonte-El Rocío, provincia de Huelva. Para ello se ha implantado un ensayo en 5 sectores distintos, cada uno con un tipo de emisor diferente, en el que se realizó una programación óptima del riego basada en el cálculo de las necesidades teóricas del cultivo, el análisis hidráulico del sector y el movimiento del agua en el suelo, y cuyo comportamiento se comparó con un sector testigo manejado por el agricultor. Estas técnicas permitieron ahorrar un 43% de agua, en las condiciones particulares de suelo, variedad y configuración de la red riego de la finca de ensayo, obteniéndose un ligero aumento de producción respecto al manejo tradicional del agricultor, lo que se tradujo en un incremento de la rentabilidad del cultivo y de una mejora de la sostenibilidad en la producción intensiva de fresas.Martín Arroyo, M.; Fernandez García, I.; Gonzalez Perea, R.; García Morillo, J.; Rodríguez Díaz, J.; Camacho Poyato, E.; Montesinos Barrios, P. (2015). EL RIEGO DE PRECISIÓN EN EL CULTIVO DE FRESA EN LA PROVINCIA DE HUELVA. En XXXIII CONGRESO NACIONAL DE RIEGOS. Valencia 16-18 junio de 2015. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/CNRiegos.2015.1462OC

A systematic analysis of host factors reveals a Med23-interferon-λ regulatory axis against herpes simplex virus type 1 replication

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus causing vesicular oral or genital skin lesions, meningitis and other diseases particularly harmful in immunocompromised individuals. To comprehensively investigate the complex interaction between HSV-1 and its host we combined two genome-scale screens for host factors (HFs) involved in virus replication. A yeast two-hybrid screen for protein interactions and a RNA interference (RNAi) screen with a druggable genome small interfering RNA (siRNA) library confirmed existing and identified novel HFs which functionally influence HSV-1 infection. Bioinformatic analyses found the 358 HFs were enriched for several pathways and multi-protein complexes. Of particular interest was the identification of Med23 as a strongly anti-viral component of the largely pro-viral Mediator complex, which links specific transcription factors to RNA polymerase II. The anti-viral effect of Med23 on HSV-1 replication was confirmed in gain-of-function gene overexpression experiments, and this inhibitory effect was specific to HSV-1, as a range of other viruses including Vaccinia virus and Semliki Forest virus were unaffected by Med23 depletion. We found Med23 significantly upregulated expression of the type III interferon family (IFN-λ) at the mRNA and protein level by directly interacting with the transcription factor IRF7. The synergistic effect of Med23 and IRF7 on IFN-λ induction suggests this is the major transcription factor for IFN-λ expression. Genotypic analysis of patients suffering recurrent orofacial HSV-1 outbreaks, previously shown to be deficient in IFN-λ secretion, found a significant correlation with a single nucleotide polymorphism in the IFN-λ3 (IL28b) promoter strongly linked to Hepatitis C disease and treatment outcome. This paper describes a link between Med23 and IFN-λ, provides evidence for the crucial role of IFN-λ in HSV-1 immune control, and highlights the power of integrative genome-scale approaches to identify HFs critical for disease progression and outcome

Líneas de investigación experimentales del grupo de dinámica no lineal y fibras ópticas del Instituto de Óptica "Daza de Valdes del CSIC"

Se presenta y describen las líneas de trabajo experimentales que se vienen cultivando en el Grupo de investigación en Dinámica no Lineal y Fibras ópticas, recientemente creado en el Instituto de Óptica del CSIC. We present the experimental lines developed in last years in the Nonlinear Dynamics and Fiber Optics Group (NDFO) of the Optics Institute "Daza de Valdés" (IO-CSIC)

Transient transfection of human CDNF gene reduces the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuroinflammation in the rat substantia nigra

BACKGROUND: The anti-inflammatory effect of the cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) was shown recently in primary glial cell cultures, yet such effect remains unknown both in vivo and in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) models of Parkinson's disease (PD). We addressed this issue by performing an intranigral transfection of the human CDNF (hCDNF) gene in the critical period of inflammation after a single intrastriatal 6-OHDA injection in the rat. METHODS: At day 15 after lesion, the plasmids p3xNBRE-hCDNF or p3xNBRE-EGFP, coding for enhanced green florescent protein (EGFP), were transfected into the rat substantia nigra (SN) using neurotensin (NTS)-polyplex. At day 15 post-transfection, we measured nitrite and lipoperoxide levels in the SN. We used ELISA to quantify the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, endogenous rat CDNF (rCDNF) and hCDNF. We also used qRT-PCR to measure rCDNF and hCDNF transcripts, and immunofluorescence assays to evaluate iNOS, CDNF and glial cells (microglia, astrocytes and Neuron/Glial type 2 (NG2) cells). Intact SNs were additional controls. RESULTS: In the SN, 6-OHDA triggered nitrosative stress, increased inflammatory cytokines levels, and activated the multipotent progenitor NG2 cells, which convert into astrocytes to produce rCDNF. In comparison with the hemiparkinsonian rats that were transfected with the EGFP gene or without transfection, 6-OHDA treatment and p3xNBRE-hCDNF transfection increased the conversion of NG2 cells into astrocytes resulting in 4-fold increase in the rCDNF protein levels. The overexpressed CDNF reduced nitrosative stress, glial markers and IL-6 levels in the SN, but not TNF-α and IL-1β levels. CONCLUSION: Our results show the anti-inflammatory effect of CDNF in a 6-OHDA rat of Parkinson's disease. Our results also suggest the possible participation of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in rCDNF production by astrocytes, supporting their anti-inflammatory role.Peer reviewe