825 research outputs found
Higgs ID at the LHC
We make a complete catalog of extended Higgs sectors involving SU(2)_L
doublets and singlets, subject to natural flavor conservation. In each case we
present the couplings of a light neutral CP-even Higgs state h in terms of the
model parameters, and identify which models are distinguishable in principle
based on this information. We also give explicit expressions for the model
parameters in terms of h couplings and exhibit the behaviors of the couplings
in the limit where the deviations from the Standard Model Higgs couplings are
small. Finally we discuss prospects for differentiation of extended Higgs
models based on measurements at the LHC and ILC and identify the regions in
which these experiments could detect deviations from the SM Higgs predictions.Comment: 46 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, PRD versio
High energy neutrinos from neutralino annihilations in the Sun
Neutralino annihilations in the Sun to weak boson and top quark pairs lead to
high-energy neutrinos that can be detected by the IceCube and KM3 experiments
in the search for neutralino dark matter. We calculate the neutrino signals
from real and virtual WW, ZZ, Zh, and production and decays,
accounting for the spin-dependences of the matrix elements, which can have
important influences on the neutrino energy spectra. We take into account
neutrino propagation including neutrino oscillations, matter-resonance,
absorption, and nu_tau regeneration effects in the Sun and evaluate the
neutrino flux at the Earth. We concentrate on the compelling Focus Point (FP)
region of the supergravity model that reproduces the observed dark matter relic
density. For the FP region, the lightest neutralino has a large bino-higgsino
mixture that leads to a high neutrino flux and the spin-dependent neutralino
capture rate in the Sun is enhanced by 10^3 over the spin-independent rate. For
the standard estimate of neutralino captures, the muon signal rates in IceCube
are identifiable over the atmospheric neutrino background for neutralino masses
above M_Z up to 400 GeV.Comment: 45 pages, 18 figures and 5 tables, PRD versio
Neutron time-of-flight measurements of charged-particle energy loss in inertial confinement fusion plasmas
Neutron spectra from secondary ^{3}H(d,n)α reactions produced by an implosion of a deuterium-gas capsule at the National Ignition Facility have been measured with order-of-magnitude improvements in statistics and resolution over past experiments. These new data and their sensitivity to the energy loss of fast tritons emitted from thermal ^{2}H(d,p)^{3}H reactions enable the first statistically significant investigation of charged-particle stopping via the emitted neutron spectrum. Radiation-hydrodynamic simulations, constrained to match a number of observables from the implosion, were used to predict the neutron spectra while employing two different energy loss models. This analysis represents the first test of stopping models under inertial confinement fusion conditions, covering plasma temperatures of k_{B}T≈1-4  keV and particle densities of n≈(12-2)×10^{24}  cm^{-3}. Under these conditions, we find significant deviations of our data from a theory employing classical collisions whereas the theory including quantum diffraction agrees with our data
NEK2 induces osteoclast differentiation and bone destruction via heparanase in multiple myeloma
Dark Matter in the MSSM
We have recently examined a large number of points in the parameter space of
the phenomenological MSSM, the 19-dimensional parameter space of the
CP-conserving MSSM with Minimal Flavor Violation. We determined whether each of
these points satisfied existing experimental and theoretical constraints. This
analysis provides insight into general features of the MSSM without reference
to a particular SUSY breaking scenario or any other assumptions at the GUT
scale. This study opens up new possibilities for SUSY phenomenology both in
colliders and in astrophysical experiments. Here we shall discuss the
implications of this analysis relevant to the study of dark matter.Comment: 27 pages, 19 figs; Journal version in NJP issue "Focus on Dark Matter
and Particle Physics". Previous version had 26 pages, 19 figures. Text and
some figures have been update
Scientific Objectives of Einstein Telescope
The advanced interferometer network will herald a new era in observational
astronomy. There is a very strong science case to go beyond the advanced
detector network and build detectors that operate in a frequency range from 1
Hz-10 kHz, with sensitivity a factor ten better in amplitude. Such detectors
will be able to probe a range of topics in nuclear physics, astronomy,
cosmology and fundamental physics, providing insights into many unsolved
problems in these areas.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, Plenary talk given at Amaldi Meeting, July 201
Dark Matter Annihilation around Intermediate Mass Black Holes: an update
The formation and evolution of Black Holes inevitably affects the
distribution of dark and baryonic matter in the neighborhood of the Black Hole.
These effects may be particularly relevant around Supermassive and Intermediate
Mass Black Holes (IMBHs), the formation of which can lead to large Dark Matter
overdensities, called {\em spikes} and {\em mini-spikes} respectively. Despite
being larger and more dense, spikes evolve at the very centers of galactic
halos, in regions where numerous dynamical effects tend to destroy them.
Mini-spikes may be more likely to survive, and they have been proposed as
worthwhile targets for indirect Dark Matter searches. We review here the
formation scenarios and the prospects for detection of mini-spikes, and we
present new estimates for the abundances of mini-spikes to illustrate the
sensitivity of such predictions to cosmological parameters and uncertainties
regarding the astrophysics of Black Hole formation at high redshift. We also
connect the IMBHs scenario to the recent measurements of cosmic-ray electron
and positron spectra by the PAMELA, ATIC, H.E.S.S., and Fermi collaborations.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures. Invited contribution to NJP Focus Issue on "Dark
Matter and Particle Physics
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF UNSTEADY FLOW BEHAVIOR IN DEEPWATER CONTROLLED MUD-CAP DRILLING
Short-term efficacy of physical interventions in osteoarthritic knee pain. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials.
BACKGROUND: Treatment efficacy of physical agents in osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK) pain has been largely unknown, and this systematic review was aimed at assessing their short-term efficacies for pain relief. METHODS: Systematic review with meta-analysis of efficacy within 1-4 weeks and at follow up at 1-12 weeks after the end of treatment. RESULTS: 36 randomised placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) were identified with 2434 patients where 1391 patients received active treatment. 33 trials satisfied three or more out of five methodological criteria (Jadad scale). The patient sample had a mean age of 65.1 years and mean baseline pain of 62.9 mm on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Within 4 weeks of the commencement of treatment manual acupuncture, static magnets and ultrasound therapies did not offer statistically significant short-term pain relief over placebo. Pulsed electromagnetic fields offered a small reduction in pain of 6.9 mm [95% CI: 2.2 to 11.6] (n = 487). Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS, including interferential currents), electro-acupuncture (EA) and low level laser therapy (LLLT) offered clinically relevant pain relieving effects of 18.8 mm [95% CI: 9.6 to 28.1] (n = 414), 21.9 mm [95% CI: 17.3 to 26.5] (n = 73) and 17.7 mm [95% CI: 8.1 to 27.3] (n = 343) on VAS respectively versus placebo control. In a subgroup analysis of trials with assumed optimal doses, short-term efficacy increased to 22.2 mm [95% CI: 18.1 to 26.3] for TENS, and 24.2 mm [95% CI: 17.3 to 31.3] for LLLT on VAS. Follow-up data up to 12 weeks were sparse, but positive effects seemed to persist for at least 4 weeks after the course of LLLT, EA and TENS treatment was stopped. CONCLUSION: TENS, EA and LLLT administered with optimal doses in an intensive 2-4 week treatment regimen, seem to offer clinically relevant short-term pain relief for OAK
- …