The Application Degree of Administrative Accountability and Organizational Governance, and the Relationship between them in the Directorates of Education in Jordan from the VieWpoint of its Administrative Leaders

This study aimed to identify the application degree of administrative accountability and organizational governance, and the relationship between them in the directorates of education in Jordan from the viewpoint of its adm nistrative leaders. The researchers used descriptive statistics- correlation through two tools. A survey for administrative accountability and consisted of -20- items, while the second survey was for organizational governance, it consisted of 40 items concerned with five areas, which are: Revelation and transparency, effective participation, control and administrative responsibility, justice and integrity, and efficiency and effectiveness. The sample consisted of 272 educational leaders from 6 directorates. This represents 14% of the sample community. The results showed that the application degree of administrative accountability and organizational governance in the directorates of education in Jordan was moderate. The results also indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between the application degree of administrative accountability and the application of administrative governance in the directorates of education

The role of sea-ice albedo in the climate of slowly rotating aquaplanets

We investigate the influence of the rotation period (Prot) on the mean climate of an aquaplanet, with a focus on the role of sea-ice albedo. We perform aquaplanet simulations with the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM6 for various rotation periods from one Earth-day to 365 Earth-days in which case the planet is synchronously rotating. The global-mean surface temperature decreases with increasing Prot and sea ice expands equatorwards. The cooling of the mean climate with increasing Prot is caused partly by the high surface albedo of sea ice on the dayside and partly by the high albedo of the deep convective clouds over the substellar region. The cooling caused by these deep convective clouds is weak for non-synchronous rotations compared to synchronous rotation. Sensitivity simulations with the sea-ice model switched off show that the global-mean surface temperature is up to 27 K higher than in our main simulations with sea ice and thus highlight the large influence of sea ice on the climate. We present the first estimates of the influence of the rotation period on the transition of an Earth-like climate to global glaciation. Our results suggest that global glaciation of planets with synchronous rotation occurs at substantially lower incoming solar irradiation than for planets with slow but non-synchronous rotation

Évolution de la température de l’air et des précipitations dans la région côtière syrienne (gouvernorat de Lattaquié) de 1970 à 2016

This study aims to analyze the changes in the annual and seasonal averages of air temperature and precipitation over Lattakia Governorate during the period 1970-2016. Annual and seasonal trends for temperature and precipitation were calculated by using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test. The mean differences between the two periods 1970-2000 and 2001-2016, were assessed at the annual and seasonal scales by using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. Furthermore, the occurrence of extreme high/low values were analyzed at the annual scale by using the normal distribution curve. The study found that the annual temperature averages significantly (p<0.05) increased by 0.22 ˚C/decade and 0.17 ˚C/decade, respectively at Lattakia and Hiffeh stations during the period 1970-2016. Summer exhibited strong and significant (at level 0.01) increasing trends by 0.39 ˚C/decade at Lattakia, and by 0.34 ˚C/decade at Hiffeh. Total spring precipitation significantly decreased by -6.5 mm/decade at Lattakia and by -12.1 mm/decade at Hiffeh. Probability of the occurrence of the value 20.2 ˚C or more as an extreme value increased by 40.8% at Lattakia station during the period 2001-2016. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los cambios en los promedios anuales y estacionales de la temperatura del aire y las precipitaciones en la gobernación de Lattakia durante 1970-2016. Las tendencias anuales y estacionales para la temperatura y la precipitación se calcularon utilizando la prueba no paramétrica de Mann-Kendall. Las diferencias de medias entre los dos períodos (1970-2000) / (2001-2016) se evaluaron en los niveles anuales y estacionales mediante el uso de la prueba no paramétrica de Mann-Whitney U. Además, la aparición de valores extremadamente altos / bajos se analizó a nivel anual mediante el uso de la curva de distribución normal. El estudio encontró que los promedios anuales de temperatura aumentaron significativamente (p <0.05) en 0.22 ˚C / década y 0.17 ˚C \ década, en las estaciones de Lattakia y Hiffeh, respectivamente, durante 1970-2016. El verano reveló tendencias fuertes y significativas al alza (a nivel 0.01) en sus promedios de temperatura en 0.39 ˚C / década en Lattakia, y en 0.34 ˚C / década en Hiffeh. El promedio de precipitaciones de primavera disminuyó significativamente en -6.5 mm / década en Lattakia y en -12.1 mm / década en Hiffeh. La probabilidad de la aparición del valor de 20.2 ˚C o más como valor extremo aumentó en la estación de Lattakia durante 2001-2016 en un 40.8%.L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser les changements dans les moyennes annuelles et saisonnières de la température de l’air et des précipitations sur la région du gouvernorat de Lattaquié entre 1970 et 2016. Les tendances annuelles et saisonnières de la température ont été calculées à l’aide du test non-paramétrique de Mann-Kendall. Les différences moyennes entre les périodes 1970-2000 et 2001-2016 ont été évaluées par année et saison en utilisant le test non-paramétrique de Mann-Whitney U. En ce qui concerne l’occurence de valeurs extrêmement élevées/ basses, celle-ci a été analysée sur une base annuelle en utilisant la courbe de distribution normale. L’étude a révélé que les températures moyennes annuelles (p<0,05) ont augmenté significativement de 0,22 ˚C / décennie et de 0,17 ˚C / décennie, dans les cas respectifs des stations de Lattakia et de Haffah durant la période 1970-2016. L’été a laissé voir une tendance marquée à la hausse (au niveau de 0,01) de ses moyennes de température : 0,39 ˚C / décennie à Lattaquié et 0,34 ˚C / décennie à Hiffeh. La moyenne des précipitations printanières a diminué de manière significative, soit de -6,5 mm / décennie à Lattakia et de -12,1 mm / décennie à Hiffeh. La probabilité d’apparition de la valeur de 20,2 ˚C ou plus comme valeur extrême a augmenté de 40,8% pour la station de Lattaquié pendant la période 2001-2016

Self-medications with potential abuse in the Middle East: a systematic literature review

Self-medication (SM) is highly prevalent in the Middle East. However, regulations in the Middle East are not always enforced and therefore many prescription medicines can be purchased as SM, resulting in potential abuse of many medicines. The aim of this article, therefore, was to undertake a comprehensive review to identify the different types of self-medications involved in abuse in the Middle East and to identify harms related to SM abuse. An extensive review of the published literature pertaining to the subject (1990–2015) was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases for OTC medication abuse in the Middle East. Twenty two papers were identified. Medications involved in SM abuse included: psychoactive prescription-only medicines, codeine-containing products, tramadol, anabolic steroids, sedative antihistamines, decongestants and laxatives. Moreover, studies in the region rarely reported harms related to SM abuse and strategies to limit this abuse. Potential SM abuse involving a range of medicines is a public health problem in the Middle East. Future interventions and regulations should be applied to limit the expansion of SM use and potential abuse

Lung protection in cardio-pulmonary bypass

Since the invention of the heart-lung machine paediatric cardiac surgery developed rapidly. For correction of complex cardiac malformations the application of a cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) has become indispensable but possible negative effects of this technique should not be neglected. Especially, both bypassed organs i.e. heart and lung are not perfused during the procedure and therefore are threatened by ischemia and reperfusion injury. Additionally, CPB was developed with a non-pulsatile flow but there are clinical observations that pulsatile flow might be superior with improved patient outcomes. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of CPB on lung structure and to assess whether different flow modalities (pulsatile vs. non-pulsatile flow) or application of the antibiotic minocycline might be advantageous. Thirty five piglets of four weeks age were examined and divided into five experimental groups: control (no CPB) without or with minocycline, CPB (non-pulsatile flow) without or with minocycline and CPB with pulsatile flow. CPB was performed for 90 min followed by a 120 min reperfusion and recovery phase. Thereafter, adenosine triphosphate-content of lung biopsies and histology was carried out. We found that CPB was associated with a significant thickening of alveolar wall accompanied by an infiltration of neutrophil leucocytes. Moreover, markers for hypoxia, apoptosis, nitrosative stress, inflammation and DNA damage were significantly elevated after CPB. These cellular damages could be partially inhibited by minocycline or pulsatile flow. Both, minocycline and pulsatile flow attenuate lung damage after CPB

Charge Order Breaks Magnetic Symmetry in Molecular Quantum Spin Chains

Charge order affects most of the electronic properties but is believed not to alter the spin arrangement since the magnetic susceptibility remains unchanged. We present electron-spin-resonance experiments on quasi-one-dimensional (TMTTF)2X salts (X= PF6, AsF6 and SbF6), which reveal that the magnetic properties are modified below TCO when electronic ferroelectricity sets in. The coupling of anions and organic molecules rotates the g-tensor out of the molecular plane creating magnetically non-equivalent sites on neighboring chains at domain walls. Due to anisotropic Zeeman interaction a novel magnetic interaction mechanism in the charge-ordered state is observed as a doubling of the rotational periodicity of Delta H.Comment: 9 pages, 13 figure

Domain walls at the spin density wave endpoint of the organic superconductor (TMTSF)2PF6 under pressure

We report the first comprehensive investigation of the organic superconductor (TMTSF)2PF6 in the vicinity of the endpoint of the spin density wave - metal phase transition where phase coexistence occurs. At low temperature, the transition of metallic domains towards superconductivity is used to reveal the various textures. In particular, we demonstrate experimentally the existence of 1D and 2D metallic domains with a cross-over from a filamentary superconductivity mostly along the c?-axis to a 2D superconductivity in the b?c-plane perpendicular to the most conducting direction. The formation of these domain walls may be related to the proposal of a soliton phase in the vicinity of the critical pressure of the (TMTSF)2PF6 phase diagram.Comment: 5 page

Dynamic resource allocation for opportunistic software-defined IoT networks: stochastic optimization framework

Several wireless technologies have recently emerged to enable efficient and scalable internet-of-things (IoT) networking. Cognitive radio (CR) technology, enabled by software-defined radios, is considered one of the main IoT-enabling technologies that can provide opportunistic wireless access to a large number of connected IoT devices. An important challenge in this domain is how to dynamically enable IoT transmissions while achieving efficient spectrum usage with a minimum total power consumption under interference and traffic demand uncertainty. Toward this end, we propose a dynamic bandwidth/channel/power allocation algorithm that aims at maximizing the overall network’s throughput while selecting the set of power resulting in the minimum total transmission power. This problem can be formulated as a two-stage binary linear stochastic programming. Because the interference over different channels is a continuous random variable and noting that the interference statistics are highly correlated, a suboptimal sampling solution is proposed. Our proposed algorithm is an adaptive algorithm that is to be periodically conducted over time to consider the changes of the channel and interference conditions. Numerical results indicate that our proposed algorithm significantly increases the number of simultaneous IoT transmissions compared to a typical algorithm, and hence, the achieved throughput is improved

Fracture resistance and failure pattern of endodontically treated teeth restored with computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing post and cores: A pilot study

Aim: To evaluate the fracture resistance and failure pattern of custom made computer-aided design & computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) post and cores using a fiber reinforced composite material (FRC) and a high-density-polymer. Materials and methods: Thirty extracted mandibular second premolars were selected, endodontically treated and prepared to receive the posts. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10) according to each material: group 1 (RXP): fiber posts (Rely X, 3M-ESPE) with composite core build-up (Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior, 3M-ESPE) as a control group; group 2 (BLC): one-piece milled post and core from fiber reinforced composite blocks (Trilor, Bioloren); and group 3 (AMC): one-piece milled post and core from hybrid ceramic disks (Ambarino, Creamed). All the posts were cemented using a self-adhesive resin cement (Rely X U200, 3M ESPE). Fracture resistance was tested using a universal testing machine, failure patterns were then observed visually and radiographically then evaluated under SEM. Data was analyzed using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tamhane post-hoc test in order to determine significant differences among groups (α = 0.05). Results: The mean fracture resistance values were: 426.08 ± 128.26 N for group 1 (R X P), 367.06 ± 72.34N for group 2 (BLC), and 620.02 ± 5 4.29N f or g roup 3 ( AMC). S tatistical analysis revealed that group 3 (AMC) had the highest mean load to fracture in comparison to the other groups (p = 0.000). failures were cohesive in group 2 and 3 and mixed in group 1 with no catastrophic failures reported in all groups. Conclusion: All systems evaluated presented sufficient mean load-to-failure values for endodontically treated teeth restorations. CAD/CAM post and cores made from high-densitypolymer showed a better performance than prefabricated fiber posts

Insertion Detection System Employing Neural Network MLP and Detection Trees Using Different Techniques

by addressing intruder attacks, network security experts work to maintain services available at all times. The Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is one of the available mechanisms for detecting and classifying any abnormal behavior. As a result, the IDS must always be up to date with the most recent intruder attack signatures to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the services. This paper shows how the NSL-KDD dataset may be used to test and evaluate various Machine Learning techniques. It focuses mostly on the NLS-KDD pre-processing step to create an acceptable and balanced experimental data set to improve accuracy and minimize false positives. For this study, the approaches J48 and MLP were employed. The Decision Trees classifier has been demonstrated to have the highest accuracy rate for detecting and categorizing all NSL-KDD dataset attacks