Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- activation in endothelin-dependent hypertension

Aims We analysed the chronic effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPAR-β) agonist GW0742 on the renin-independent hypertension induced by deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt. Methods and results Rats were treated for 5 weeks with: control-vehicle, control-GW0742 (5 or 20 mg kg−1 day−1), DOCA-vehicle, DOCA-GW0742 (5 or 20 mg kg−1 day−1), DOCA-GSK0660 (1 mg kg−1 day−1), and DOCA-GSK0660-GW0742. Rats receiving DOCA-vehicle showed increased systolic blood pressure, left ventricular and kidney weight indices, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and malondialdehyde plasma levels, urinary iso-PGF2α excretion, impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine, and contraction to ET-1 when compared with controls. Aortic reactive oxygen species content, NADPH oxidase activity, and p47phox, p22phox, NOX-4, glutathione peroxidase 1, hemeoxygenase-1, and preproET-1 expression were increased, whereas catalase and regulators of G protein-coupled signalling proteins (RGS)5 expression were decreased in the DOCA-vehicle group. GW0742 prevented the development of hypertension in a dose-dependent manner but the reduction of renal and cardiac hypertrophy, systemic and vascular oxidative stress markers, and improvement of endothelial dysfunction were only observed after the higher dose. GW0742, at 20 mg kg−1 day−1, attenuated ET-1 contraction by increasing RGS5 expression and restored the intracellular redox balance by reducing NADPH-oxidase activity, and by increasing the antioxidant genes expression. The PPAR-β antagonist GSK0660 prevented all vascular changes induced by GW0742 but not its antihypertensive effects. Conclusion Vascular protective effects of GW0742 operate via PPAR-β by interference with the ET-1 signalling as a result of increased expression of RGS5 and up-regulation of antioxidant genes and via PPAR-β-independent mechanisms to decrease blood pressure

Modelling, simulation and control of pedestrian avoidance maneuver for an urban electric vehicle

The mathematical model of an electric vehicle, as well as the control system for avoiding pedestrians in urban traffic is described. The vehicle is modeled as a continuous system consisting of several subsystems. In addition, a set of sensors and actuators along with a two-level discrete control system are modeled. Based on this model, a pedestrian avoidance maneuver for typical speeds in city traffic is simulated. When the sensory system detects a pedestrian in the vehicle's path, the decision system calculates its trajectory. Using this information, the speed and/or direction that the vehicle must take in order to avoid the accident are estimated. These values are sent to the low-level controllers of the accelerator/brake and steering, which generate the signals to be applied to such systems to achieve the desired trajectory and speed.This work is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, projects “Automatización y Control Inteligente de Vehículos Eléctricos Urbanos” (ACIVEU, DPI2012-36959) and “Assisted Navigation through Natural Language” (NAVEGASE, DPI2014-53525-C3-1-R)

Analysis of the role of AMPK activity as the possible cause of the longevity phenotype of the sul-2 mutants

Aging is a biological process caused by cell impairment that increase susceptibility to diseases and death. Some of these diseases, such as Alzheimer or Parkinson, are originated by loss of proteostasis and the generation of protein aggregates. Sulfated steroid hormones are of great importance in the maintenance of proteostasis, and by inhibiting the steroid sulfatase enzyme, it is possible to generate a reservoir of sulfated hormones that prevents cells from generating protein aggregates. Loss of function of the steroid sulfatase sul-2 gene has been proved to increase longevity and to ameliorate protein aggregates diseases in Caenorhabditis elegans. To explain the metabolic pathways involved in this process, two RNAseq have been performed with sul-2 mutants and the resulting data were uploaded to WormExp, where it was found that sul-2 mutants share expression patterns with AMPK activation mutants (Pérez-Jiménez et al. (2021)). AMPK activation mutants are also long-lived (Burkewizt et al. 2016), which suggests that AMPK activity could cause the sul-2 increased-longevity phenotype. To improve the understanding of this subject, we have backcrossed three times AMPK deficient hermaphrodite aak2-(ok524) with N2 males obtaining a deficient mutant with a known background. In the following experiments we will try to confirm the similar expression pattern of AMPK and sul-2 mutants and then will be evaluated the role of AMPK in sul-2 mutant longevity and proteostasis. In addition, we are evaluating other phenotypes of the sul-2 mutants, in particular stress resistance

Edge detection algorithm based on fuzzy logic theory for a local vision system of robocup humanoid league

Este artículo presenta el desarrollo de un algoritmo para la extracción de bordes basado en la teoría de lógica difusa, mediante el cual es posible reconocer las marcas de un campo de juego para la liga humanoide de RoboCup. El algoritmo propuesto describe la creación de un sistema de inferencia difuso que permite evaluar la relación existente entre los pixeles de una imagen, encontrando así las variaciones en los niveles de gris para una vecindad de pixeles específica. Posteriormente se plantea la implementación del método OTSU para binarizar la imagen obtenida en el proceso difuso y así generar una imagen que contiene solo los bordes extraídos, validando el algoritmo en imágenes de la liga humanoide. Luego se analizan los resultados obtenidos evidenciando el buen desempeño del algoritmo, considerando que el tiempo de procesamiento de la propuesta es tan solo el 35% más del tiempo necesario en métodos tradicionales, mientras que los bordes extraídos son unos 52% menos susceptibles al ruido.At this paper we shown the development of an algorithm to perform edges extraction based on fuzzy logic theory. This method allows recognizing landmarks on the game field for Humanoid League of RoboCup. The proposed algorithm describes the creation of a fuzzy inference system that permit evaluate the existent relationship between image pixels, finding variations on grey levels of related neighbor pixels. Subsequently, it shows an implementation of OTSU method to binarize an image that was obtained from fuzzy process and so generate an imagecontaining only extracted edges, validating the algorithm with Humanoid League images. Later, we analyze obtained results that evidence a good performance of algorithm, considering that this proposal only takes an extra 35% processing time that will be required by traditional methods, whereas extracted edges are 52% less noise susceptible

Influence of excesses of volatile elements on structure and composition of solution derived lead-free (Bi0.50Na0.50)1xBaxTiO3 thin films

The preparation of (Bi0.50Na0.50)1−xBaxTiO3 films requires a compositional/structural control, as they determine the functionality of these materials. We report a systematic compositional and structural analysis on (Bi0.50Na0.50)1−xBaxTiO3 films fabricated by chemical solution deposition. The effects of incorporating Na(I) and Bi(III) excesses are analyzed through the comparison of the compositional depth profiles of stoichiometric films (BNBT) and films containing excesses (BNBTxs). Heterogeneous compositional profiles with larger bismuth content close to the substrate and thicker film-substrate interfaces are observed in BNBTxs, unlike stoichiometric films, which show atomic concentrations that correspond to the nominal composition of the precursor solution. Excesses induce structural differences in depth, observing a shift of the region of coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases (morphotropic phase boundary) toward higher x values and the formation of thick film-substrate interfaces. In contrast, stoichiometric films have homogeneous compositional and structural profiles with the MPB placed close to that described for bulk ceramics.This work was financed by Spanish Project MAT2013-40489-P. D. Pérez-Mezcua acknowledges the financial support of the FPU Spanish program (AP2012-0639). A portion of this research was carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University. D. Chateigner acknowledges the Conseil Régional de Basse Normandie for its partial financial of the four-circles X-ray diffractometer.Peer reviewe

Recombination of the porcine X chromosome : a high density linkage map

Linkage maps are essential tools for the study of several topics in genome biology. High density linkage maps for the porcine autosomes have been constructed exploiting the high density data provided by the PorcineSNP60 BeadChip. However, a high density SSCX linkage map has not been reported up to date. The aim of the current study was to build an accurate linkage map of SSCX to provide precise estimates of recombination rates along this chromosome and creating a new tool for QTL fine mapping. A female-specific high density linkage map was built for SSCX using Sscrofa10.2 annotation. The total length of this chromosome was 84.61 cM; although the average recombination rate was 0.60 cM/Mb, both cold and hot recombination regions were identified. A Bayesian probabilistic to genetic groups and revealed that the animals used in the current study for linkage map construction were likely to be carriers of X chromosomes of European origin. Finally, the newly generated linkage map was used to fine-map a QTL at 16 cM for intramuscular fat content (IMF) measured on longissimus dorsi. The sulfatase isozyme S gene constitutes a functional and positional candidate gene underlying the QTL effect. The current study presents for the first time a high density linkage map for SSCX and supports the presence of cold and hot recombination intervals along this chromosome. The large cold recombination region in the central segment of the chromosome is not likely to be due to structural differences between X chromosomes of European and Asian origin. In addition, the newly generated linkage map has allowed us to fine-map a QTL on SSCX for fat deposition. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-014-0148-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Regulation of ovule initiation by gibberellins and brassinosteroids in tomato and Arabidopsis: two plant species, two molecular mechanisms

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Barro¿Trastoy, D., Carrera, E., Baños, J., Palau-Rodríguez, J., Ruiz-Rivero, O., Tornero, P., Alonso, J.M., López-Díaz, I., Gómez, M.D. and Pérez-Amador, M.A. (2020), Regulation of ovule initiation by gibberellins and brassinosteroids in tomato and Arabidopsis: two plant species, two molecular mechanisms. Plant J, 102: 1026-1041, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14684. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] Ovule primordia formation is a complex developmental process with a strong impact on the production of seeds. In Arabidopsis this process is controlled by a gene network, including components of the signalling pathways of auxin, brassinosteroids (BRs) and cytokinins. Recently, we have shown that gibberellins (GAs) also play an important role in ovule primordia initiation, inhibiting ovule formation in both Arabidopsis and tomato. Here we reveal that BRs also participate in the control of ovule initiation in tomato, by promoting an increase on ovule primordia formation. Moreover, molecular and genetic analyses of the co-regulation by GAs and BRs of the control of ovule initiation indicate that two different mechanisms occur in tomato and Arabidopsis. In tomato, GAs act downstream of BRs. BRs regulate ovule number through the downregulation of GA biosynthesis, which provokes stabilization of DELLA proteins that will finally promote ovule primordia initiation. In contrast, in Arabidopsis both GAs and BRs regulate ovule number independently of the activity levels of the other hormone. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that different molecular mechanisms could operate in different plant species to regulate identical developmental processes even, as for ovule primordia initiation, if the same set of hormones trigger similar responses, adding a new level of complexity.We wish to thank B. Janssen (Horticulture and Food Research Institute, New Zealand) for the pBJ60 shuttle vector, C. Ferrandiz and M. Colombo (IBMCP, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain) for their help in the generation of 35S:ANT lines and L.E.P. Peres (Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil) for the tomato mutant lines. Our thanks also go to C. Fuster for technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness-FEDER (BIO2017-83138R) to MAPA and from NSF (DBI-0820755, MCB-1158181, and IOS-1444561) to JMA.Barro-Trastoy, D.; Carrera, E.; Baños, J.; Palau-Rodríguez, J.; Ruiz-Rivero, O.; Tornero Feliciano, P.; Alonso, JM.... (2020). 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Chronic and acute effects on skin temperature from a sport consisting of repetitive impacts from hitting a ball with the hands

Valencian handball consists in hitting the ball with the hands and it may contribute to injury development on the hands. This study aimed to analyze skin temperature asymmetries and recovery after a cold stress test (CST) in professional players of Valencian handball before and after a competition. Thirteen professional athletes and a control group of ten physically active participants were measured. For both groups, infrared images were taken at the baseline condition; later they underwent a thermal stress test (pressing for 2 min with the palm of the hand on a metal plate) and then recovery images were taken. In athletes, the images were also taken after their competition. Athletes at baseline condition presented lower temperatures (p < 0.05) in the dominant hand compared with the non-dominant hand. There were asymmetries in all regions after their match (p < 0.05). After CST, a higher recovery rate was found after the game. The regions with the most significant differences in variation, asymmetries and recovery patterns were the index, middle and ring fingers, and the palm of the dominant hand. Taking into account that lower temperatures and the absence of temperature variation may be the consequence of a vascular adaptation, thermography could be used as a method to prevent injuries in athletes from Valencian handball

Influenza virus infections in infants aged less than two years old

[ES] Introducción: Las infecciones por virus influenza son una importante causa de morbilidad en lactantes. El cuadro clínico es inespecífico y a menudo se infraestima la importancia de lagripe en los menores de 2 años. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las infecciones con firmadas por virus influenza en niños menores de 2 años atendidos en un hospital de segundo nivel. Como objetivo secundario, se pretende comparar las infecciones por gripe en lactantes hospitalizados con las infecciones por virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) en la misma población. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio descriptivo prospectivo de las infecciones con firmadas por virus influenza en los niños menores de 2 años hospitalizados por fiebre o infección respiratoria entre 1991 y 2003. Para el diagnóstico virológico se realizó inmunofluorescencia y reacción en cadena de la poli merasa en el aspirado nasofaríngeo. Se describen las características clínicas de los pacientes. Se realiza una comparación con un grupo de lactantes de similares características ingresados por infección por VRS. Resultados: Se describen 100 lactantes hospitalizados con infección por virus influenza. Las infecciones gripales supusieron el 4,1 % de los pacientes hospitalizados por procesos respiratorios o fiebre. Se aisló virus influenza tipo A en el 83 % de los casos, tipo B en el 12 % y tipo C en el 5 %. La edad media fue 8,3 +/- 5,9 meses, y los diagnósticos más fre cuentes fueron bronquiolitis en el 38 %, sibilancias recurrentes en el 25%, infección respiratoria de vías altas en el 19% y neumonía en el 9%. Presentaron fiebre superior a 38 °C el 83% de los niños e infiltrado radiológico el 65%. Presentaron hipoxia el 44 % de los niños. En los niños menores de 6 meses la fiebre fue menos frecuente (p = 0,049), y en los diagnósticos predominaron las infecciones respiratorias de vías altas (p = 0,01). Los niños afectados de infección por virus influenza tu vieron mayor edad (p = 0,002), presentaron con mayor frecuencia fiebre (p 38 degrees C was present in 83% of the patients. Radiologic infiltrate was found in 65% of the children. Oxygen saturation less then 95% was present in 44%. In children under 6 months of age fever was less frequent (p = 0.049) and upper respiratory tract infection was more frequent (p = 0.01). Patients with influenza virus infection were older (p = 0.002), more frequently presented fever (p < 0.0001) and radiologic infiltrate (p < 0.001) than infants with RSV infection. Bronchiolitis was more frequent in the RSV group (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Influenza infection is a major cause of respiratory tract disease in hospitalized infants. It is an etiologic cause of bronchiolitis, recurrent wheezing, and fever and radiologic consolidations are frequent. Clinical presentation is milder in children under 6 month of age. The characteristics of influenza infection differ substantially from those of RSV infection.S