Effect of pine resin derivatives on the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of Mater-Bi type bioplastic

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Aldas, M., J. M. Ferri, J. Lopez-Martinez, M. D. Samper, and M. P. Arrieta. 2019. Effect of Pine Resin Derivatives on the Structural, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Mater-Bi Type Bioplastic. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 137 (4). Wiley: 48236. doi:10.1002/app.48236, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/app.48236. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] The effect of three additives derived from pine resin, namely, gum rosin (GR) and two pentaerythritol ester of GR, Lurefor (LF) and Unik Tack (UT), in 5, 10, and 15 wt %, on the properties of Mater-Bi, based on plasticized starch, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL), obtained by injection molding processes, was studied. The mechanical, microstructural, and thermal properties were evaluated. LF had a cohesive behavior with the components of Mater-Bi, increasing the toughness of the material up to 250% accompanied by an increase of tensile modulus and tensile strength. UT had an intermediate behavior, conferring cohesive and plasticizing effects, allowing an increase of 105% in impact resistance. GR had a more marked plasticizing effect. This allows processing temperatures of about 50 degrees C lower than those used for neat Mater-Bi. In addition, an increase of the elongation at break, toughness, and impact resistance in 370, 480, and 250%, respectively, was achieved.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, PROMADEPCOL (MAT2017-84909-C2-2-R). M. P. Arrieta thanks Complutense University of Madrid for "Ayudas para la contratacion de personal postdoctoral en formacion en docencia e investigacion en departamentos de la UCM."Aldas-Carrasco, MF.; Ferri, JM.; López-Martínez, J.; Samper, M.; Arrieta, MP. (2020). Effect of pine resin derivatives on the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of Mater-Bi type bioplastic. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 137(4):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.48236S1141374Plastics Europe Plastics – the Facts 2018. An analysis of European plastics production demand and waste data” [Online]. Available:https://www.plasticseurope.org/application/files/6315/4510/9658/Plastics_the_facts_2018_AF_web.pdf(accessed on July 1 2019).Arrieta, M. P., Peponi, L., López, D., & Fernández-García, M. (2018). Recovery of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) residue for the development of PLA-based bionanocomposite films. Industrial Crops and Products, 111, 317-328. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.10.042Akrami, M., Ghasemi, I., Azizi, H., Karrabi, M., & Seyedabadi, M. (2016). A new approach in compatibilization of the poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic starch (PLA/TPS) blends. Carbohydrate Polymers, 144, 254-262. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.035Arrieta, M., Samper, M., Aldas, M., & López, J. (2017). On the Use of PLA-PHB Blends for Sustainable Food Packaging Applications. Materials, 10(9), 1008. doi:10.3390/ma10091008Elfehri Borchani, K., Carrot, C., & Jaziri, M. (2015). Biocomposites of Alfa fibers dispersed in the Mater-Bi® type bioplastic: Morphology, mechanical and thermal properties. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 78, 371-379. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.08.023Ferri, J. M., Garcia-Garcia, D., Sánchez-Nacher, L., Fenollar, O., & Balart, R. (2016). The effect of maleinized linseed oil (MLO) on mechanical performance of poly(lactic acid)-thermoplastic starch (PLA-TPS) blends. Carbohydrate Polymers, 147, 60-68. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.082Arrieta, M. P., López, J., López, D., Kenny, J. M., & Peponi, L. (2016). Effect of chitosan and catechin addition on the structural, thermal, mechanical and disintegration properties of plasticized electrospun PLA-PHB biocomposites. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 132, 145-156. doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.02.027Fabra, M. J., López-Rubio, A., Cabedo, L., & Lagaron, J. M. (2016). Tailoring barrier properties of thermoplastic corn starch-based films (TPCS) by means of a multilayer design. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 483, 84-92. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2016.08.021Makaremi, M., Pasbakhsh, P., Cavallaro, G., Lazzara, G., Aw, Y. K., Lee, S. M., & Milioto, S. (2017). Effect of Morphology and Size of Halloysite Nanotubes on Functional Pectin Bionanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9(20), 17476-17488. doi:10.1021/acsami.7b04297Niu, X., Liu, Y., Song, Y., Han, J., & Pan, H. (2018). Rosin modified cellulose nanofiber as a reinforcing and co-antimicrobial agents in polylactic acid /chitosan composite film for food packaging. Carbohydrate Polymers, 183, 102-109. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.079Mujica‐Garcia A.;Sonseca A.;Arrieta M. P.;Yusef M.;López D.;Gimenez E.;Kenny J. M.;Peponi L.In Tiwari A. Wang R. Wei B.; Advanced Surface Engineering Materials; Wiley: Massachussets USA 2016.Sessini, V., Arrieta, M. P., Kenny, J. M., & Peponi, L. (2016). Processing of edible films based on nanoreinforced gelatinized starch. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 132, 157-168. doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.02.026Ferri, J. M., Garcia-Garcia, D., Carbonell-Verdu, A., Fenollar, O., & Balart, R. (2017). Poly(lactic acid) formulations with improved toughness by physical blending with thermoplastic starch. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 135(4), 45751. doi:10.1002/app.45751Trovatti, E., Carvalho, A. J. F., & Gandini, A. (2014). A new approach to blending starch with natural rubber. Polymer International, 64(5), 605-610. doi:10.1002/pi.4808Samper-Madrigal, M. D., Fenollar, O., Dominici, F., Balart, R., & Kenny, J. M. (2014). The effect of sepiolite on the compatibilization of polyethylene–thermoplastic starch blends for environmentally friendly films. Journal of Materials Science, 50(2), 863-872. doi:10.1007/s10853-014-8647-8Azevedo, V. M., Borges, S. V., Marconcini, J. M., Yoshida, M. I., Neto, A. R. S., Pereira, T. C., & Pereira, C. F. G. (2017). Effect of replacement of corn starch by whey protein isolate in biodegradable film blends obtained by extrusion. Carbohydrate Polymers, 157, 971-980. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.046Sessini, V., Raquez, J.-M., Lourdin, D., Maigret, J.-E., Kenny, J. M., Dubois, P., & Peponi, L. (2017). Humidity-Activated Shape Memory Effects on Thermoplastic Starch/EVA Blends and Their Compatibilized Nanocomposites. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 218(24), 1700388. doi:10.1002/macp.201700388Correa, A. C., Carmona, V. B., Simão, J. A., Capparelli Mattoso, L. H., & Marconcini, J. M. (2017). Biodegradable blends of urea plasticized thermoplastic starch (UTPS) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL): Morphological, rheological, thermal and mechanical properties. Carbohydrate Polymers, 167, 177-184. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.051Lendvai, L., Apostolov, A., & Karger-Kocsis, J. (2017). Characterization of layered silicate-reinforced blends of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate). Carbohydrate Polymers, 173, 566-572. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.100Mikus, P.-Y., Alix, S., Soulestin, J., Lacrampe, M. F., Krawczak, P., Coqueret, X., & Dole, P. (2014). Deformation mechanisms of plasticized starch materials. Carbohydrate Polymers, 114, 450-457. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.06.087Sessini, V., Arrieta, M. P., Raquez, J.-M., Dubois, P., Kenny, J. M., & Peponi, L. (2019). Thermal and composting degradation of EVA/Thermoplastic starch blends and their nanocomposites. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 159, 184-198. doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.11.025Arrieta, M. P., Samper, M. D., Jiménez-López, M., Aldas, M., & López, J. (2017). Combined effect of linseed oil and gum rosin as natural additives for PVC. Industrial Crops and Products, 99, 196-204. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.02.009Narayanan, M., Loganathan, S., Valapa, R. B., Thomas, S., & Varghese, T. O. (2017). UV protective poly(lactic acid)/rosin films for sustainable packaging. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 99, 37-45. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.152Wilbon, P. A., Chu, F., & Tang, C. (2012). Progress in Renewable Polymers from Natural Terpenes, Terpenoids, and Rosin. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 34(1), 8-37. doi:10.1002/marc.201200513Rodríguez-García, A., Martín, J. A., López, R., Sanz, A., & Gil, L. (2016). Effect of four tapping methods on anatomical traits and resin yield in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Industrial Crops and Products, 86, 143-154. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.03.033Sharma, L., & Singh, C. (2016). Composite film developed from the blends of sesame protein isolate and gum rosin and their properties thereof. Polymer Composites, 39(5), 1480-1487. doi:10.1002/pc.24088Moustafa, H., El Kissi, N., Abou-Kandil, A. I., Abdel-Aziz, M. S., & Dufresne, A. (2017). PLA/PBAT Bionanocomposites with Antimicrobial Natural Rosin for Green Packaging. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9(23), 20132-20141. doi:10.1021/acsami.7b05557Yu, C., Chen, C., Gong, Q., & Zhang, F.-A. (2012). Preparation of polymer microspheres with a rosin moiety from rosin ester, styrene and divinylbenzene. Polymer International, 61(11), 1619-1626. doi:10.1002/pi.4249Gutierrez, J., & Tercjak, A. (2014). Natural gum rosin thin films nanopatterned by poly(styrene)-block-poly(4-vinylpiridine) block copolymer. RSC Advances, 4(60), 32024. doi:10.1039/c4ra04296dCavallaro, G., Lazzara, G., Milioto, S., Parisi, F., & Ruisi, F. (2017). Nanocomposites based on esterified colophony and halloysite clay nanotubes as consolidants for waterlogged archaeological woods. Cellulose, 24(8), 3367-3376. doi:10.1007/s10570-017-1369-8Marina P. Arrieta, Juan López, Santiago Ferrándiz, & Mercedes A. Peltzer. (2015). EFFECT OF D-LIMONENE ON THE STABILIZATION OF POLY (LACTIC ACID). Acta Horticulturae, (1065), 719-725. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2015.1065.90Arrieta, M. P., López, J., Hernández, A., & Rayón, E. (2014). Ternary PLA–PHB–Limonene blends intended for biodegradable food packaging applications. European Polymer Journal, 50, 255-270. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.11.009Liu, X. Q., Huang, W., Jiang, Y. H., Zhu, J., & Zhang, C. Z. (2012). Preparation of a bio-based epoxy with comparable properties to those of petroleum-based counterparts. Express Polymer Letters, 6(4), 293-298. doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2012.32International Standards Organization ISO 527‐1:2012 ‐ Plastics ‐ Determination of tensile properties ‐ Part 1: General 2012.Sessini, V., Raquez, J.-M., Lo Re, G., Mincheva, R., Kenny, J. M., Dubois, P., & Peponi, L. (2016). Multiresponsive Shape Memory Blends and Nanocomposites Based on Starch. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 8(30), 19197-19201. doi:10.1021/acsami.6b06618Samper, M., Bertomeu, D., Arrieta, M., Ferri, J., & López-Martínez, J. (2018). Interference of Biodegradable Plastics in the Polypropylene Recycling Process. 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Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 14(2), 127-135. doi:10.1023/a:1022015712170Khan, G., Yadav, S. K., Patel, R. R., Kumar, N., Bansal, M., & Mishra, B. (2017). Tinidazole functionalized homogeneous electrospun chitosan/poly (ε-caprolactone) hybrid nanofiber membrane: Development, optimization and its clinical implications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 103, 1311-1326. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.161Arrieta, M. P., & Peponi, L. (2017). Polyurethane based on PLA and PCL incorporated with catechin: Structural, thermal and mechanical characterization. European Polymer Journal, 89, 174-184. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.02.028Jindal, R., Sharma, R., Maiti, M., Kaur, A., Sharma, P., Mishra, V., & Jana, A. K. (2016). Synthesis and characterization of novel reduced Gum rosin-acrylamide copolymer-based nanogel and their investigation for antibacterial activity. 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Copper(II) complexes of methimazole, an anti Grave’s disease drug : Synthesis, characterization and its potential biological behavior as alkaline phosphatase inhibitor

Methimazole (MeimzH) is an anti-thyroid drug and the first choice for patients with Grave’s disease. Two new copper(II) complexes of this drug: [Cu(MeimzH)2(NO3)2].0.5H2O and [Cu(MeimzH)2(H2O)2](NO3)2·H2O were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, dissolution behavior, thermogravimetric analysis and UV-vis, diffuse reflectance, FTIR and EPR spectroscopies. As it is known that copper(II) cation can act as an inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the inhibitory effect of methimazole and its copper(II) complexes on ALP activity has also been investigated.Centro de Química Inorgánic

Constraints on Oscillation Parameters from nu(e) Appearance and nu(mu) Disappearance in NOvA

Results are reported from an improved measurement of nu(mu) -\u3e nu(e) transitions by the NOvA experiment. Using an exposure equivalent to 6.05 x 10(20) protons on target, 33 nu(e) candidates are observed with a background of 8.2 +/- 0.8 (syst.). Combined with the latest NOvA nu(mu) disappearance data and external constraints from reactor experiments on sin(2) 2 theta(13), the hypothesis of inverted mass hierarchy with theta(23) in the lower octant is disfavored at greater than 93% C.L. for all values of delta(CP)

Brain metastasis development and poor survival associated with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Central nervous system is a common site of metastasis in NSCLC and confers worse prognosis and quality of life. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of clinical-pathological factors (CPF), serum CEA levels, and EGFR and HER2 tissue-expression in brain metastasis (BM) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced NSCLC.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In a prospective manner, we studied 293 patients with NSCLC in IIIB-IV clinical stage. They received standard chemotherapy. CEA was measured prior to treatment; EGFR and HER2 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. BM development was confirmed by MRI in symptomatic patients.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>BM developed in 27, and 32% of patients at 1 and 2 years of diagnosis with adenocarcinoma (RR 5.2; 95% CI, 1.002–29; p = 0.05) and CEA ≥ 40 ng/mL (RR 11.4; 95% CI, 1.7–74; <it>p </it>< 0.01) as independent associated factors. EGFR and HER2 were not statistically significant. Masculine gender (RR 1.4; 95% CI, 1.002–1.9; <it>p </it>= 0.048), poor performance status (RR 1.8; 95% CI, 1.5–2.3; <it>p </it>= 0.002), advanced clinical stage (RR 1.44; 95% CI, 1.02–2; <it>p </it>= 0.04), CEA ≥ 40 ng/mL (RR 1.5; 95% CI, 1.09–2.2; <it>p </it>= 0.014) and EGFR expression (RR 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4–1.9; <it>p </it>= 0.012) were independent associated factors to worse OS.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>High CEA serum level is a risk factor for BM development and is associated with poor prognosis in patients with advanced NSCLC. Surface expression of CEA in tumor cells could be the physiopathological mechanism for invasion to CNS.</p

Reseñas iberoamericanas

Reseñas iberoamericana

Reseñas iberoamericanas

Iberoamerican reviewsReseñas iberoamericana

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Experiencias de aprendizaje

Libro de experiencias de aprendizaje del grupo de investigación Giteca y de los semilleros de investigación en la que se visualizan las diferentes experiencias lideradas por instructores y aprendices en las diferentes áreas y líneas de formación.Book of learning experiences of the Giteca research group and the research hotbeds in which the different experiences led by instructors and apprentices in the different areas and lines of training are visualized.Propagación in vitro como un camino de aprendizaje para la formación profesional integral -- Experiencias significativas de aprendizaje, laboratorio de hematología y parasitología animal del Complejo Tecnológico para la Gestión Agroempresarial CTPGA-SENA -- Experiencias significativas adquiridas por aprendices en el área de SENNOVA, Complejo Tecnológico para la Gestión Agroempresarial. Regional – Antioquia -- El papel de la prensa escrita en el desarrollo de la competencia textual -- Aprendiendo a Emprender con un emprendedor -- Ven y te cuento sobre ADSI -- Observaciones fenológicas del cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao) en los municipios de Tarazá, El Bagre y Caucasia dentro de la formación del programa SENA emprende rural -- Tejiendo sueños desde la formación -- Forraje verde hidropónico como alternativa para disminuir la expansión de la frontera agrícola en el Putumayo -- La importancia del saber hacer para ser competente en el sector agrícola -- Experiencia significativa de aprendizaje semilleros de investigación -- La investigación como ente transformador de pensamientos -- Piscícola Paraguay; Mi Sueño, Mi Proyecto de Vida! -- Estrategia de aprendizaje a través de la investigación y la empresa aplicando un programa de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial –RSE -- Matemática aplicada para procesos agroindustriales de panificaciónna85 página

Prediction of properties value in thermoplastic mixtures applying box equivalent model incompatibility in recycled polymer blends

The usefulness of a theoretical model of behavior of a mixture of materials is given by the ability to predict their properties from the elements that comprise it. In the equivalent box model (Equivalent Box Model, EBM), is evaluated in mixtures to mechanical behavior from analysis of contributions in parallel and in series of the different elements. We have used this model successfully in quantifying the strength properties of the materials from the individual properties, and its content has been modified to predict properties that are dependent not only on mechanical stress but also on the thermal behavior of materials. These properties can be studied by the heat deflection temperature or the Vicat temperature of plastic matrices, where temperature determined that yields a material subjected to a standard strain. In this paper, we propose extending the EBM model to analyze thermal properties. It is suggested that the contribution to the Vicat softening temperature for a given volume fraction of one of the linear combinations is a function dependent only on the thermal properties and on the other hand, a contribution to consider the compatibility between materials and in dependence of the parameter "A", which is determined within the EBM model from the variation of mechanical properties. Therefore, determining the Vicat softening temperature in a mixture of materials for a given volume fraction, depends on the temperature difference of the components of the lower factor temperatures and miscibility of the materials.Ferrándiz Bou, S.; Arrieta, MP.; Samper, MD.; López Martínez, J. (2013). Prediction of properties value in thermoplastic mixtures applying box equivalent model incompatibility in recycled polymer blends. Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials. 15(7):662-666. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/59123S66266615