Nutritional supplements for muscle building and fat loss

Adquirir una buena forma física es el objetivo de la mayoría de las personas que asisten a un centro de acondicionamiento físico; sin embargo, este proceso requiere de una individualización en la programación del entrenamiento y en la estrategia de alimentación, razón por la cual muchas personas no alcanzan sus metas y resultan adoptando prácticas innecesarias y peligrosas de suplementación. De acuerdo a la evidencia científica actual cuando el objetivo es incrementar la masa muscular, y solo de recomendarse por un profesional, se podría hacer uso de la suplementación con proteína de suero de leche o Whey Protein (0.4 - 0.5 g / kg / post-ejercicio), caseína (≈30 g antes de dormir) y monohidrato de creatina (0.3 g / kg / día durante 5-7 días seguido de 0.075 g / kg / post-entrenamiento durante 4-6 semanas). Se requiere más investigación respecto al consumo de Ashwagandha - Withania somnifera (300 mg dos veces al día) durante el mesociclo de entrenamiento de la fuerza. Por otro lado, durante una estrategia de reducción de grasa corporal para sujetos con sobrepeso u obesidad, los profesionales de la salud que realizan el seguimiento del caso pueden valorar el consumo de un reemplazo de comida en polvo (Meal Replacement Powder), como una alternativa para incrementar el aporte diario de proteína si se requiere, además de contemplar el consumo de Isomaltulosa (Palatinosa®) o amilopectinas modificadas en algunas comidas o 1-2 horas antes del ejercicio, sobre todo para controlar la hiperinsulinemia postprandial. La ingesta de un suplemento de cafeína anhidra (2-4 mg·kg-1·día-1) y algunos compuestos termogénicos; tales como, capsaicina (capsicum), té verde (Camelia sinensis), pimienta negra (Piper nigrum) y jengibre (Ginger officinale) pueden ser una alternativa para mejorar la adherencia a la dieta y aprovechar su potencial para reducir el porcentaje de grasa corporal, aunque se necesita más investigación a largo plazo para respaldar un efecto con significancia clínica

Type of grinding of the main cereal of the diet affects production of brown egg-laying hens

The influence of method of grinding of the cereal of the diet on production and egg quality was studied in 420 Hy-line brown egg-laying hens. The design was completely randomized with six treatments arranged as a 3 × 2 factorial with three cereals (barley, dented maize and soft wheat) and two grinding procedures (hammer mill vs. roller mill). Each treatment was replicated seven times and the experimental unit was an enriched cage with ten hens. Production was recorded every four weeks from 24 to 59 weeks of age and egg quality was measured at 40 and 56 weeks of age. For the entire experiment, feed intake was higher in hens fed wheat or maize than in hens fed barley (110.8 and 110.7 vs. 109.7 g/d; P = 0.014) but most of the differences were observed when the cereal was roller milled (P = 0.009 for the interaction). Also, egg production was similar for the three diets when the cereal was hammer milled but tended to be lower for the barley than for the wheat or maize diets when the cereal was roller milled (P = 0.09 for the interaction). None of the other productive or egg quality traits was affected by dietary treatment. We conclude that roller mills are useful to grind low fiber cereals, such as maize or wheat. However, the use of the roller mill might not be adequate when barley is the main cereal in diets for egg-laying hens

Edu-communication as a challenge for inclusive education

RESUMEN: La alfabetización digital y mediática se ha convertido en un requisito fundamental y en un derecho básico en las sociedades democráticas. En un contexto donde los medios y los recursos digitales adquieren cada día más importancia, la educomunicación se presenta como un reto para el desarrollo de las destrezas y habilidades necesarias en la Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimiento. Esta alfabetización puede suponer la superación de barreras de accesibilidad ante las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC) por parte de las personas con diversidad funcional, favoreciendo la participación activa, la igualdad de oportunidades y los procesos de inclusión social de este colectivo. En este trabajo se visibilizan las prácticas educativas desarrolladas en un centro de educación especial a través de un estudio de caso, en relación al aprovechamiento de los medios de comunicación como elementos enriquecedores para favorecer la inclusión digital y social de SU alumnado, a través de experiencias educativas como la elaboración de una radio y un periódico escolar y la participación en el "Proyecto Redconsejos", lo que permite concluir que es posible la mejora de la competencia digital y mediática de los estudiantes, así como su capacidad crítica y reflexiva ante los medios.ABSTRACT: Digital and media literacy has become an essential requirement and a basic right in democratic societies. In a context where mass media and digital resources have acquired increasing importance, educommunication is considered as a challenge for the development of the necessary skills and abilities in the Society of Information and Knowledge. Media literacy can signify the overcoming of the barriers of accessibility to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) by people with functional diversity, favoring their participation, equality of opportunities and social inclusion. This paper describes the educational practices in a special education school through a case study where mass media are used as enriching elements to promote the digital and social inclusion of students. It`s possible to reach the conclusion that the students' digital and media competence, as well as their critical and reflexive capacity, are promoted through educational experiences such as the creation of a school radio and newspaper or participation in the "Proyecto Redconsejos/Project Nettips".Este trabajo está avalado por el Proyecto I+D+I “Competencias mediáticas de la ciudadanía en medios digitales emergentes (smartphones y tablets): prácticas innovadoras y estrategias educomunicativas en contextos múltiples” con clave EDU2015-64015-C3-1-R, por la “Red de Educación Mediática” del Programa Español de Investigación Científica-Técnica de Excelencia (EDU2016- 81772-REDT), financiados por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) y Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España y por el Proyecto “Competencia mediática en la sociedad digital para la participación crítica de la ciudadanía. Diagnóstico y planes de acción didácticos” de la Universidad de Cantabria

Critical thinking among institutional academic advisors and sociodemographic, professional and academic variables: a multicenter correlation study

Background: In nursing education, essential skills include Critical Thinking (CT). There is scant evidence on how nurse educators could promote CT in students in a clinical context. Objective: To analyse the level of CT and correlated variables in healthcare nurses overseeing the clinicals of nursing undergraduates. Methods The study population were all nurse educators for clinicals at hospitals with nursing undergraduates. To evaluate the CT skills of nurses the Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire (N-CT-4 practice) was administered. Frequencies, percentages and measures of central tendency and scatter were obtained. A bivariate analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between the nurse educators' CT level and the sociodemographic, professional and academic levels. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare two independent groups. Statistical significance was defined as P <.05. Results: The total number of participants was 639. The highest mean CT level was seen in clinical nurses involved in undergraduate nursing instruction and with experience of up to 10 years (mean CT score = 372 (33.3), p=.007). Global CT levels were similar in women and men (mean CT score: 364 (31.9) in women and 358 (40.5) in men, p=.187), with statistically significant differences only observed in the intellectual and cognitive indicator (P =.022). Conclusions: CT levels are high in teaching healthcare professionals in the clinical environment

Heterologous expression screens in Nicotiana benthamiana identify a candidate effector of the wheat Yellow Rust Pathogen that associates with processing bodies

Rust fungal pathogens of wheat (Triticum spp.) affect crop yields worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying the virulence of these pathogens remain elusive, due to the limited availability of suitable molecular genetic research tools. Notably, the inability to perform high-throughput analyses of candidate virulence proteins (also known as effectors) impairs progress. We previously established a pipeline for the fast-forward screens of rust fungal candidate effectors in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. This pipeline involves selecting candidate effectors in silico and performing cell biology and protein-protein interaction assays in planta to gain insight into the putative functions of candidate effectors. In this study, we used this pipeline to identify and characterize sixteen candidate effectors from the wheat yellow rust fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f sp tritici. Nine candidate effectors targeted a specific plant subcellular compartment or protein complex, providing valuable information on their putative functions in plant cells. One candidate effector, PST02549, accumulated in processing bodies (P-bodies), protein complexes involved in mRNA decapping, degradation, and storage. PST02549 also associates with the P-body-resident ENHANCER OF mRNA DECAPPING PROTEIN 4 (EDC4) from N. benthamiana and wheat. We propose that P-bodies are a novel plant cell compartment targeted by pathogen effectors

Supramolecular Hydrogels Consisting of Nanofibers Increase the Bioavailability of Curcuminoids in Inflammatory Skin Diseases

The low bioavailability of curcuminoids (CCMoids) limits their use in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Our work shows that this constraint can be overcome upon their incorporation into supramolecular hydrogels assembled from a gemini-imidazolium amphiphilic gelator. Three structural CCMoid analogues were used to prepare supramolecular hydrogels, and it was observed that the concentration of both the gelator and CCMoid and the proportion of solvents influence the self-assembly process. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the nanostructured gels were studied to find the optimum gels, which were then further characterized microscopically, and their ability to release the CCMoid was evaluated. The physicochemical properties of the CCMoids play a fundamental role in the interaction with the gelator, influencing not only the gelation but also the morphology at the microscopic level, the mechanical properties, and the biopharmaceutical behavior such as the amount of CCMoid released from the gels. The nanostructured supramolecular hydrogels, which contain the CCMoids at much lower concentrations (μg/mL) in comparison to other products, promote the penetration of the CCMoids within the skin, but not their transdermal permeation, thus preventing any possible systemic effects and representing a safer option for topical administration. As a result, the CCMoid-containing hydrogels can effectively reduce skin inflammation in vivo, proving that these supramolecular systems are excellent alternatives in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases

VAMOS: a Pathfinder for the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory

VAMOS was a prototype detector built in 2011 at an altitude of 4100m a.s.l. in the state of Puebla, Mexico. The aim of VAMOS was to finalize the design, construction techniques and data acquisition system of the HAWC observatory. HAWC is an air-shower array currently under construction at the same site of VAMOS with the purpose to study the TeV sky. The VAMOS setup included six water Cherenkov detectors and two different data acquisition systems. It was in operation between October 2011 and May 2012 with an average live time of 30%. Besides the scientific verification purposes, the eight months of data were used to obtain the results presented in this paper: the detector response to the Forbush decrease of March 2012, and the analysis of possible emission, at energies above 30 GeV, for long gamma-ray bursts GRB111016B and GRB120328B.Comment: Accepted for pubblication in Astroparticle Physics Journal (20 pages, 10 figures). Corresponding authors: A.Marinelli and D.Zaboro