L'effet de l'extrait végétal de Yucca Schidigera sur l'excrétion oocystale chez le poulet de chair

In Algeria, coccidiosis constitutes one of the main constraints which hinder the development of the poultry production and is responsible for major losses to the poultry industry, reducing performance and increasing production costs, especially an increase of mortality and misuse of antibiotics. These molecules have fatal effects on the animal and public health, thus, alternatives were introduced, in particular the extracts of plants. The present study, conducted in October 2013, was carried out in five hundred broiler chicks (Hubbard F15 strain). The chicks were monitored from birth to the 52nd day. These animals, with homogeneous weight of 93 g and mixed sexes, came from the same hatchery and underwent the same environmental conditions. Animals of the first lot, identified as “Control lot” received a food exempt from any additive but antibiotics added to water. The animals of the second lot, identified as “Experimental lot”, received a water exempt from any additive and the same food added with the Yucca Schidigera extract. The objective of this study was the evaluation of the oocystale excretion by Mac Master’s method to estimate the activity of the Yucca Schidigera extract. The results highlighted an increase of oocystale excretion until 82.250 oocysts.g-1 of feces in the control lot and 22.950 oocysts.g-1 of feces in the experimental lot. The average levels of oocysts were significantly lower during three weeks from J14 to J35 in the experimental lot, then remained comparable for the rest of the experiment period (J36 to J51). These results showed that this additive considerably reduced the coccidian eggs elimination and proved its efficiency in the coccidiosis control. Keywords: Yucca Schidigera, Coccidiosis, Broilers, Antibiotics.En Algérie, la coccidiose constitue l’une des principales contraintes qui entrave le développement de la production avicole et cause d’énormes pertes économiques, en l’occurrence l’augmentation du taux de mortalité et l’usage abusif des antibiotiques. Ces derniers ont des effets néfastes sur la santé humaine et animale. Ainsi, des alternatives ont vu le jour, en particulier l’utilisation des extraits de plantes. La présente étude, mise en place en octobre 2013, a été menée dans un élevage comportant cinq cent poussins d’un jour appartenant à la souche de type chair Hubbard F15. Les poussins ont été suivis de leur naissance jusqu’au 52ème jour. Ces animaux, d’un poids homogène de 93 g et de sexes mélangés, provenaient du même couvoir et ont subi les mêmes conditions d’ambiance. Les animaux du premier lot, identifié comme «Lot témoin», recevaient un aliment exempt de tout additif mais une eau additionnée d’antibiotiques. Les animaux du deuxième lot, identifié comme «Lot expérimental», recevaient une eau de boisson exempte de tout additif et un même aliment additionné de l’extrait de Yucca Schidigera. L’objectif de cette étude a été l’évaluation de l’excrétion oocystale, par la méthode de Mac Master, pour déterminer l’activité de l’extrait de Yucca Schidigera. Les résultats ont révélé une augmentation d’excrétion oocystale jusqu’à 82.250 oocystes.g-1 de matières fécales pour le lot témoin et 22.950 oocystes.g-1 de matières fécales pour le lot expérimental. Les nombres moyens d’oocystes ont été significativement plus bas durant 3 semaines allant de J14 à J35 dans le lot expérimental, puis devenaient comparables le reste du temps de J36 à J51. Ces résultats montrent que cet additif a considérablement réduit l’élimination des œufs de coccidies et prouvé son efficacité dans la maîtrise de la coccidiose. Mots clés: Yucca Schidigera, Coccidiose, Poulet de chair, Antibiotiques.   &nbsp

Assessing Molecular Signature for Some Potential Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Cultivars from Saudi Arabia, Based on Chloroplast DNA Sequences rpoB and psbA-trnH

Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm), being economically very important, is widely cultivated in the Middle East and North Africa, having about 400 different cultivars. Assessment of date cultivars under trading and farming is a widely accepted problem owing to lack of a unique molecular signature for specific date cultivars. In the present study, eight different cultivars of dates viz., Khodry, Khalas, Ruthana, Sukkari, Sefri, Segae, Ajwa and Hilali were sequenced for rpoB and psbA-trnH genes and analyzed using bioinformatics tools to establish a cultivar-specific molecular signature. The combined aligned data matrix was of 1147 characters, of which invariable and variable sites were found to be 958 and 173, respectively. The analysis clearly reveals three major groups of these cultivars: (i) Khodary, Sefri, Ajwa, Ruthana and Hilali (58% BS); (ii) Sukkari and Khalas (64% BS); and (iii) Segae. The economically most important cultivar Ajwa showed similarity with Khodary and Sefri (67% BS).The sequences of the date cultivars generated in the present study showed bootstrap values between 38% and 70% so these sequences could be carefully used as molecular signature for potential date cultivars under trading and selection of genuine cultivars at the seedling stage for farming

Alimentation

Pour donner une image fidèle de l’alimentation des Berbères depuis les origines et suivre son évolution il aurait fallu disposer de documents et de textes qui font malheureusement défaut, aussi plutôt que de se livrer à une étude diachronique impossible à rédiger dans l’état actuel de la recherche nous avons choisi de présenter ce que l’on sait de l’alimentation des Paléoberbères des temps préhistoriques antérieurs à l’élevage et à l’agriculture puis de regrouper nos connaissances sur l’alime..

A highly N-doped carbon phase "dressing" of macroscopic supports for catalytic applications

© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015. The straightforward "dressing" of macroscopically shaped supports (i.e. β-SiC and α-Al2O3) with a mesoporous and highly nitrogen-doped carbon-phase starting from food-processing raw materials is described. The as-prepared composites serve as highly efficient and selective metal-free catalysts for promoting industrial key-processes at the heart of renewable energy technology and environmental protection

Streamlining Digital Modeling and Building Information Modelling (BIM) Uses for the Oil and Gas Projects

The oil and gas industry is a technology-driven industry. Over the last two decades, it has heavily made use of digital modeling and associated technologies (DMAT) to enhance its commercial capability. Meanwhile, the Building Information Modelling (BIM) has grown at an exponential rate in the built environment sector. It is not only a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility, but it has also made an impact on the management processes of building project lifecycle. It is apparent that there are many similarities between BIM and DMAT usability in the aspect of physical modeling and functionality. The aim of this study is to streamline the usage of both DMAT and BIM whilst discovering valuable practices for performance improvement in the oil and gas projects. To achieve this, 28 BIM guidelines, 83 DMAT academic publications and 101 DMAT vendor case studies were selected for review. The findings uncover (a) 38 BIM uses; (b) 32 DMAT uses and; (c) 36 both DMAT and BIM uses. The synergy between DMAT and BIM uses would render insightful references into managing efficient oil and gas’s projects. It also helps project stakeholders to recognise future investment or potential development areas of BIM and DMAT uses in their projects

Enhanced magnetic properties in antiferromagnetic-core/ferrimagnetic-shell nanoparticles

Bi-magnetic core/shell nanoparticles are gaining increasing interest due to their foreseen applications. Inverse antiferromagnetic(AFM)/ferrimagnetic(FiM) core/shell nanoparticles are particularly appealing since they may overcome some of the limitations of conventional FiM/AFM systems. However, virtually no simulations exist on this type of morphology. Here we present systematic Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations of the exchange bias properties of such nanoparticles. The coercivity, H C, and loop shift, H ex, present a non-monotonic dependence with the core diameter and the shell thickness, in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. Additionally, we demonstrate novel unconventional behavior in FiM/AFM particles. Namely, while H C and H ex decrease upon increasing FiM thickness for small AFM cores (as expected), they show the opposite trend for large cores. This presents a counterintuitive FiM size dependence for large AFM cores that is attributed to the competition between core and shell contributions, which expands over a wider range of core diameters leading to non-vanishing H ex even for very large cores. Moreover, the results also hint different possible ways to enhance the experimental performance of inverse core/shell nanoparticles for diverse applications

Impact of Scan Conversion Methods on the Performance of Scalable Video Coding

The ability to flexibly access coded video data at different resolutions or bit rates is referred to as scalability. We are concerned here with the class of methods referred to as pyramidal embedded coding in which specific subsets of the binary data can be used to decode lower-resolution versions of the video sequence. Two key techniques in such a pyramidal coder are the scan-conversion operations of down-conversion and up-conversion. Down-conversion is required to produce the smaller, lower-resolution versions of the image sequence. Up-conversion is used to perform conditional coding, whereby the coded lower-resolution image is interpolated to the same resolution as the next higher image and used to assist in the encoding of that level. The coding efficiency depends on the accuracy of this up-conversion process. In this paper techniques for down-conversion and up-conversion are addressed in the context of a two-level pyramidal representation. We first present the pyramidal technique ..