Entre o egresso ideal e o egresso real da formação inicial de português como língua adicional : experiências, crenças e identidades

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Línguas Estrangeiras e Tradução, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística Aplicada, 2014.O Brasil tem ganhado cada vez mais destaques nas manchetes internacionais por motivos para além da realização de dois dos maiores eventos esportivos mundiais no país (SCARAMUCCI, 2013). Em decorrência disso, um número crescente de pessoas tem procurado aprender português (MOUTINHO & ALMEIDA FILHO, 2007) e é necessário (re)pensar a formação de professores qualificados para dar aula para esse público. É nesse cenário que desenvolvo esta pesquisa qualitativa interpretativista (MOITA LOPES, 1994) realizada no cômputo da pós-graduação em Linguística Aplicada com foco na formação inicial de professores de português como língua adicional (PLA). Com base em uma análise documental e nas experiências (BARCELOS, 2000; MICCOLI, 2010; CONCEIÇÃO, 2004), nas crenças (BARCELOS, 2001; PAJARES, 1992; MASTRELLA, 2002; SILVA, 2005, 2010, 2011) e nas identidades (BOHN, 2005; LEFFA, 2013; HALL, 2003; SILVA, T.T. 2004) de professores egressos de uma licenciatura em PLA, este trabalho visou a relacionar o perfil do egresso ideal - idealizado nos documentos oficiais que regem essa licenciatura – e o perfil do egresso real identificado nas vozes dos licenciados oriundos dessa licenciatura através de entrevistas semiestruturadas (FONTANA E FREY, 1994). Foram identificados hiatos significativos entre o que é esperado das identidades do egresso ideal e as identidades que são, de fato, significadas pelo egresso real e propostos alguns melhoramentos que poderiam levar à aproximação entre o que se espera e o que de fato ocorre na formação inicial de professores de PLA. Acredito que essa pesquisa possa trazer importantes contribuições para a área de formação de professores de línguas adicionais, em especial às licenciaturas e professorados de português como língua adicional que tem surgido no Brasil e na América Latina. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTBrazil has increasingly been at the spotlight of international media for reasons far beyond hosting two major sport events (SCAMARUCCI, 2013). As a consequence, an also increasing number of language learners have been willing to learn Portuguese as an additional language (PLA) (MOUTINHO & ALMEIDA FILHO, 2007) and it is therefore necessary to meditate on how PLA teachers have been educated to teach these language learners. In this scenary, I bring this interpretative qualitative research (MOITA LOPES, 1994) which is a study that culminated in my master's degree in Applied Linguistics. The investigation has its focus on PLA teachers education and it is based on a document analysis and on a qualitative analysis of experiences (BARCELOS, 2000; MICCOLI, 2010; CONCEIÇÃO, 2004), beliefs (BARCELOS, 2001; PAJARES, 1992; MASTRELLA, 2002; SILVA, 2005, 2010, 2011) and identities (BOHN, 2005; LEFFA, 2013; HALL, 2003; SILVA, T.T. 2004) of former undergraduate students with a degree in PLA teaching. The objective was to observe how the ideal BA in PLA Teaching – idealized through official documents, and the real BA in PLA Teaching – exposed in the voice of five BAs in PLA Teaching through semistructured interview (FONTANA & FREY, 1994) relate to each other. There were important differences between the expected, or ideal identities and the real identities of a BA in PLA Teaching. There were also propositions towards change and improvement of course structure with hope that these propositions could shrink the gap between what is expected and what happens in reality. I believe this investigation may bring relevant contributions to the field of additional language teachers education, especially for BA degree courses that have recently been created in Brazil and Latin America

Relatório da prática de ensino supervisionada & a aprendizagem cooperativa no ensino-aprendizagem da matemática – um estudo com alunos do 12º Ano de escolaridade

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Ensino de Matemática no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no SecundárioA presente dissertação, elaborada no âmbito do Mestrado em Ensino de Matemática no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Secundário, está dividida em duas partes. A primeira parte é constituída pelo Relatório de Estágio e incide essencialmente sobre a prática pedagógica supervisionada, realizada na Escola Secundária Jorge Peixinho no Montijo, ao longo do ano letivo 2012/2013, na disciplina de Matemática A, sob orientação pedagógica da professora Maria Teresa de Brito. O estágio teve o acompanhamento de dois responsáveis científicos da FCT-UNL, a Professora Doutora Maria Helena Santos e o Professor Doutor Filipe Marques. A segunda parte é relativa à investigação na prática pedagógica, orientada pelo Professor Doutor José Manuel Matos e Coorientada pela Professora Maria Teresa de Brito, cujo objetivo foi determinar a eficácia da Atividade de Aprendizagem Cooperativa e Grupos de Especialistas na aquisição de competências cognitivas e no desenvolvimento de valores e atitudes constantes no Programa de Matemática A do Ensino Secundário. Para tal, foi realizada uma intervenção pedagógica de aplicação da atividade de Aprendizagem Cooperativa Grupos de Especialistas a uma turma de décimo segundo ano de escolaridade. Foram recolhidos dados através de observação, testes e inquéritos e analisados os resultados obtidos. Nesta segunda parte, apresenta-se a contextualização e pertinência do estudo, a relação do estudo com o currículo de Matemática e o Programa de Matemática A do Ensino Secundário, identificam-se as questões de investigação e as limitações do estudo. Posteriormente apresenta-se uma breve revisão de literatura que fundamenta o trabalho de investigação, a metodologia aplicada, a apresentação e análise dos resultados e, finalmente, as principais conclusões do estudo e sugestões para futuros trabalhos de investigação neste âmbito. Todas as iniciativas desenvolvidas, no âmbito do projeto de investigação, estavam interligadas com a prática pedagógica supervisionada

Maternal and neonatal characteristics and early neonatal mortality in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil

O objetivo foi descrever as características do recém-nascido, da mãe e da mortalidade neonatal precoce, segundo local de parto, na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Utilizou-se coorte de nascidos vivos vinculados aos respectivos óbitos neonatais precoces, por técnica determinística. Identificou-se o parto domiciliar a partir da Declaração de Nascido Vivo e os ocorridos em estabelecimentos a partir da vinculação com o Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde. Foram estudados 154.676 nascidos vivos, dos quais 0,3% dos nascimentos ocorreram acidentalmente em domicílio, 98,7% em hospitais e menos de 1% em outro serviço de saúde. A mortalidade foi menor no Centro de Parto Normal e nas Unidades Mistas de Saúde, condizente com o perfil de baixo risco obstétrico. As taxas mais elevadas ocorreram nos prontos-socorros (54,4 óbitos por mil nascidos vivos) e domicílios (26,7), representando um risco de morte, respectivamente, 9,6 e 4,7 vezes maior que nos hospitais (5,6). Apesar da alta predominância do parto hospitalar, há um segmento de partos acidentais tanto em domicílios como em prontos-socorros que merece atenção, por registrar elevadas taxas de mortalidade neonatal precoce.The objective was to describe maternal and neonatal characteristics and early neonatal mortality rate according to place of delivery in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil. The study linked the databases on live births and early neonatal deaths with the national hospital registry. Place of delivery was identified through certificates of live birth. There were a total of 154,676 live births: 98.7% in-hospital; 0.3% home deliveries, and 1% in other health services. Deliveries in birthing centers and small hospital units were associated with low obstetric risk and a low proportion of preterm and low birth weight infants, and as a result these services showed the lowest early neonatal mortality rate. Compared to hospital maternity ward deliveries, the early neonatal mortality rate was 4.7 times higher for home deliveries and 9.6 higher for emergency room deliveries. There is a high rate of hospital delivery care in São Paulo, but there is still a small portion of accidental home births and deliveries occurring in inappropriate health services, probably as a result of obstetric emergencies and difficulties in accessing hospital services.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Impact of introduction of Xpert MTB/RIF test on tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in a city with high TB incidence in Brazil

Background Xpert MTB/RIF is increasingly used in many countries as the initial diagnostic test for tuberculosis (TB). Few studies have evaluated the effect of Xpert on TB diagnosis under programmatic conditions in Brazil. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of introduction of Xpert MTB/RIF on TB diagnosis in a city with high TB incidence in Brazil. Methods We included patients evaluated with conventional diagnostic tests during one year before Xpert introduction (pre-Xpert group) and patients evaluated using Xpert during one year after the test introduction (post-Xpert group). Results 620 patients met the inclusion criteria (208 in the pre-Xpert group and 412 in the postXpert group) and were included in the analysis. The time until TB diagnosis was shorter in post-Xpert group (0.7 day, IQR: 0.5–1.0 day) than in pre-Xpert group (2.0 days, IQR: 2.0– 2.0 days) (p<0.0001). Atypical disease characteristics, such as less weight loss, fever, dyspnea, night sweats, and hemoptysis; a negative sputum smear; a negative culture, and a chest X-ray atypical of TB were more common in post-Xpert group than in pre-Xpert group (p<0.0001 for all). Conclusions We found that the implementation of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay, under programmatic conditions, improve and facilitate TB diagnosis, especially in cases with atypical disease manifestations. These results are likely to be generalizable to settings with a similar high TB incidence

Early neonatal mortality according to level of hospital complexity in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil

O objetivo foi analisar o perfil dos recém-nascidos, mães e mortalidade neonatal precoce, segundo complexidade do hospital e vínculo com o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Estudo baseado em dados de nascidos vivos, óbitos e cadastro de hospitais. Para obter a tipologia de complexidade e o perfil da clientela, empregaram-se análise fatorial e de clusters. O SUS atende mais recém-nascidos de risco e mães com baixa escolaridade, pré-natal insuficiente e adolescentes. A probabilidade de morte neonatal precoce foi 5,6‰ nascidos vivos (65% maior no SUS), sem diferenças por nível de complexidade do hospital, exceto nos de altíssima (SUS) e média (não-SUS) complexidade. O diferencial de mortalidade neonatal precoce entre as duas redes é menor no grupo de recém-nascidos < 1.500g (22%), entretanto, a taxa é 131% mais elevada no SUS para os recém-nascidos > 2.500g. Há uma concentração de nascimentos de alto risco na rede SUS, contudo a diferença de mortalidade neonatal precoce entre a rede SUS e não-SUS é menor nesse grupo de recém-nascidos. Novos estudos são necessários para compreender melhor a elevada mortalidade de recém-nascidos > 2.500g no SUS.The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of newborns, mothers, and early neonatal mortality according to the hospital's complexity and affiliation (or lack thereof) with the Unified National Health System (SUS) in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil. The study was based on data for live births, deaths, and hospital registries. Factor and cluster analysis were used to obtain the typology of hospital complexity and user profile. The SUS treats more high-risk newborns and mothers with low schooling, insufficient prenatal care, and teenage mothers. The probability of early neonatal death was 5.6‰ live births (65% higher in the SUS), with no significant differences by level of hospital complexity, except those with extremely high (SUS) and medium (non-SUS) complexity. The difference in early neonatal mortality between the two systems was smaller in the group of newborns with birth weight < 1,500g (22%), but the rate was 131% higher in the SUS for newborns > 2,500g. There was a concentration of high-risk births in the SUS, but the difference in early neonatal mortality between SUS and non-SUS hospitals was smaller in this group of newborns. New studies are needed to elucidate the high mortality rate among newborns with birth weight > 2,500g in the SUS.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Evaluation of microhardness, sorption, solubility, and color stability of bulk fill resins : a comparative study

Due to the increasing popularity of bulk fill resins, there is a concern that their components can be leached; this is because these are inserted in a single 4-5 mm increment. This in vitro study evaluated the microhardness, sorption, solubility, and color stability of three restorative bulk fill resins, namely: Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF), Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TNC), and Opus Bulk Fill (OBF). Cylindrical samples were fabricated to be 15 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick (n = 10). For the microhardness test, three random indentations were formulated on the samples using a micro-durometer with a load of 300 gf for 15 s. Sorption and solubility were then evaluated (ISO 4049: 2009). Color stability was analyzed with a digital spectrophotometer three times (initially, after 24 h, and after 7 d) during immersion in coffee and distilled water (control). The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to analyze normality. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the groups and the immersion solution, with a significance level of 5%. There were a significant difference in microhardness (p<0.001), with the FBF group showing a higher value compared to the other groups (56.38). The highest average of sorption scores was observed in the OBF group (16.9 µg / mm3), followed by FBF (16.8 µg / mm3) and TNC (11.3 µg / mm3). Solubility was lowest in the OBF group (-2.83 µg / mm3), with a significant difference (p = 0.031). There was also a significant difference after 24 h in the mean ?E score of all groups (p<0.005). After one week of immersion, the group that pigmented most was OBF (p = 0.008). The three bulk fill resins had acceptable hardness, sorption, and solubility values. However, all groups showed a high pigmentation rate after 7 d of immersion in coffee

Potential acidity by pH SMP method in Amazonas State, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi definir um modelo matemático que estime o H+Al a partir do pH SMP medido em água e em solução de CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1 nas condições edafoclimáticas locais. Foram utilizadas 246 amostras de solo provenientes de diversas localidades. Mesmo apresentando menor coeficiente da correlação (r = 0,89*), a equação H+Al = 30,646 - 3,848pH SMP obtida em H2O foi mais eficiente que a obtida em solução CaCl2 (H+Al = 30,155 - 3,834pH SMP, r = 0,91*), a qual subestima os valores da acidez potencial.The objective of this work was to determine a mathematic model that estimates the potential acidity with pH SMP measured in water and in solution of CaCl2 0.01 mol L-1. Two hundred and forty six soil samples from several localities were utilized. Despite presenting a lower correlation coefficient (r = 0.89*), the equation H+Al = 30.646 - 3.848pH SMP, obtained in H2O, was more efficient than in the CaCl2 solution (H+Al = 30.155 -3.834pH SMP, r = 0.91*), since this last one underestimates the values of the potential acidity

Concomitant infection of Haemogregarina sp. and Staphylococcus aureus in free-living yellow-spotted river turtle (Podocnemis unifilis): case report.

A male adult yellow-spotted river turtle Podocnemis unifilis (Chordata: Testudines: Podocnemididae) was captured during field collections. Blood sample was collected for haemoparasite screening by conventional light microscopy. Morphometric and morphological analyzes of the parasite developmental stages were performed in the blood extensions, as well as the parasitemia intensity. Gametocytes of hemogregarines and innumerable bacterial cells were observed. To identify the bacteria present, a culture was performed and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus was observed. It was concluded that a co-infection of Staphylococcus aureus (Firmicutes: Bacillales: Staphylococcaceae) and Haemogregarina sp. (Apicomplexa: Adeleina: Haemogregarinidae) was observed in this free-living yellow-spotted river turtle Podocnemis unifilis.

Teacher education and ethnic/racial content in ANPEd’s journal Revista Brasileira de Educação from 1995 through 2015

Nosso objetivo é analisar o enfoque dos estudos sobre raça, etnia e formação docente na Revista Brasileira de Educação da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação, no período de 1995 a 2015. Sob a correlação de fontes bibliográficas e documentais, a abordagem qualitativa consiste no trajeto preponderante da pesquisa. A predominância da questão de raça foi evidente nas análises, seguida da temática etnia. A correlação entre raça, etnia e outras configurações sociais que caracterizam processos de exclusão também compuseram a mostra. Outro aspecto destacado foi de que a criação do Grupo de Estudo 21 e do Grupo de Trabalho 21 da referida associação e a homologação das leis n. 10.639/2003 e n. 11.645/2008 parecem influenciar diretamente na ampliação de publicações sobre a questão étnico-racial na Revista Brasileira de Educação.Our goal is to analyze the focus of studies on race, ethnicity and teacher formation published in Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação Revista Brasileira de Educação, from 1995 to 2015. By correlating bibliographic and documentary sources, the qualitative approach was the main path of research. The predominance of the race-related subject matters was evidenced in the analysis, followed by ethnics. Correlation between race, ethnicity and other social features that characterize exclusion processes also composed the sample. Another important aspect to be highlighted was that the creation of the Study Group 21 and the Working Group 21 of that association and approval of laws 10,639/2003 and 11,645/2008 seem to directly influence the expansion of publications about racial-ethnic issues in Revista Brasileira de Educação.El objetivo fue analizar el enfoque de los estudios sobre raza, etnia y formación docente en la Revista Brasileira de Educação de la Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação, de 1995 a 2015. Bajo la correlación de fuentes bibliográficas y documentales, el abordaje cualitativo consiste en el trayecto predominante. La predominancia de la cuestión de raza fue evidente en los análisis, seguida de la temática etnia. La correlación entre raza, etnia y otras configuraciones sociales que caracterizan procesos de exclusión también compusieron la muestra. Otro aspecto destacado fue de que la creación del Grupo de Estudio 21 y del Grupo de Trabajo 21 de dicha asociación y la homologación de las leyes n. 10.639/2003 y n. 11.645/2008, parecen influenciar directamente en la ampliación de publicaciones sobre la cuestión étnico-racial en la Revista Brasileira de Educação

SPINT2 deregulation in prostate carcinoma

SPINT2 is a tumor suppressor gene that inhibits proteases implicated in cancer progression, like HGFA, hepsin and matriptase. Loss of SPINT2 expression in tumors has been associated with gene promoter hypermethylation; however, little is known about the mechanisms of SPINT2 deregulation in prostate cancer (PCa). We aimed to analyze SPINT2 expression levels and understand the possible regulation by SPINT2 promoter hypermethylation in PCa. In a cohort of 57 cases including non-neoplastic and PCa tissues, SPINT2 expression and promoter methylation was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and methylation-specific PCR, respectively. Methylation status of the SPINT2 promoter was also evaluated by bisulfite sequencing and 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine treatment. Oncomine and TCGA databases were used to perform in silico PCa analysis of SPINT2 mRNA and methylation levels. A reduction in SPINT2 expression levels from nonneoplastic to PCa tissues was observed; however, none of the cases exhibited SPINT2 promoter methylation. Both bisulfite sequencing and 5-aza demonstrated that SPINT2 promoter is not methylated in PCa cells. Bioinformatics approaches did not show downregulation of SPINT2 at the mRNA level and, in corroboration with our results, SPINT2 promoter region is reported to be unmethylated. Our study suggests an involvement of SPINT2 in PCa tumorigenesis, probably in association with a post-translational regulation of SPINT2.The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was supported by the ICVS internal research funds of participating authors and by FCT project, ref. PTDC/SAUONC/115513/2009. F.P. received fellowship from the FCT, ref. SFRH/BD/81369/2011 and M.VP from the ON.2 SR&TD Integrated Program (N-01-01-01-24-01-07), ref. UMINHO/ BPD/36/2013