Yield potential of onion genotypes in the Planicie Huasteca, Mexico

Objective: To identify new generation onion genotypes with high yield per unit that meet the bulb quality characteristics required by the export market. Design/Methodology/Approach: Eight onion hybrids with yellow bulb, six hybrids with white bulb, and three hybrids with purple bulb were evaluated. The experiments were established with drip irrigation and fertigation. The agronomic characteristics of the plant and the production and quality of the bulb were evaluated, using the USDA specifications for bulb width and shape. The experiments were carried out using a completely randomized block design, with three replications; the statistical analysis was performed using the SAS software, version 9.2. Results: The best onion genetic materials for the Planicie Huasteca were the yellow bulb hybrids Wayne and Don Víctor, the white bulb hybrids Blanca Grande, Monja Blanca, and Don Alberto, and the purple bulb hybrid Rasta, all of which have high production capacity and bulb quality. Study Limitations/Implications: Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the most extensive horticultural crop in the Planicie Huasteca, Mexico. Although regional producers establish outstanding genotypes, they require information about the new generation genetic materials, if they are to remain competitive in the export market. Therefore, the new genotypes with the best high yield potential and bulb quality must be evaluated to select those that meet the requirements of the market. Findings/Conclusions: Yellow, white, and purple bulb onion genotypes with high production capacity that meet the requirements of the markets were identified

Chemical management of Phakopsora pachyrhizi: Effect on incidence, severity, and yield in soybean

Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) is one of the main diseases in soybean crops. In Mexico, there is limited knowledge regarding its management, therefore the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of mixtures of fungicides of the families: Carboxamides, Strobilurins, and Triazoles on incidence, severity, fungicide efficiency, and yield in soybean variety ‘Huasteca 700’. Three commercial combinations of fungicides were evaluated: Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin, Fluxapyroxad + Pyraclostrobin, Cyproconazole + Azoxystrobin, with surfactant (Agrega®) at 0.1%, and a control which consisted only of surfactant. The highest incidence and severity occurred in the control treatment; fungicide application formulated with Strobilurins, and Triazoles significantly reduced incidence (54 to 98%) and severity (82 to 100%) and provided a crop protection period of 35 to 54 days post-application. The incidence and severity by stratum plant were lower in the second evaluation cycle, with respect the first evaluation. Damage remained below 1.24, 0.5, and 0.03% in the low, middle, and upper stratum, respectively in treatments treated with fungicides 56 days after the first application. With two applications of chemical fungicides formulated with Strobilurins and Triazoles, in a natural infestation of Asian soybean rust, the damage and incidence were significantly reduced compared to the control treatment

Analysis of Fusarium-Common Beans Pathosystem in Aguascalientes, Mexico

In Mexico, high incidences of Fusarium affect common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production, reducing grain yields due to seedling death and crop standing reductions. Production of resistant germplasm could be an appropriate strategy for grain yield increasing. Bean breeding programs need the former analysis of plant-pathogen pathosystem to perform the selection of segregating populations with improved resistance to root rot pathogens and the best agroecosystem adaptation. Here, we report our results on characterization of genetic variability patterns of Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli (FSP) from Aguascalientes, México; the analysis of P. vulgaris germplasm reactions to highly and naturally FSP-infested field and controlled conditions; and the identification of genetic basis of resistance to FSP root rot in segregating common bean populations. Significant genetic variability in FSP isolates from Aguascalientes and other regions of México was found. Also, we found high variation on reactions to FSP root rots, resistance was more frequent on black seed-coated beans, and susceptibility was common in pinto beans. Resistance to FSP in BAT 477 seedlings was associated with one quantitative trait loci (QTL)

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 10

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 10, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Loci de caracteres cuantitativos ligados con la resistencia a macrophomina phaseolina, fusarium sp. y sequía en frijol común

Tesis (Doctorado en Tecnología Avanzada), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA, Unidad Altamira, 2013, 1 archivo PDF, (98 páginas). tesis.ipn.mx

Mejoramiento genético de los chiles comerciales en México

En México, los chiles son de las hortalizas más importantes, con una área sembrada que fluctúa entre las 150 y 170 mil hectáreas y un valor de producción que supera los 8 mil millones de pesos (Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera [siap] 2014); destacan como principales tipos de chile los jalapeños, guajillos, anchos, serranos y habaneros (siap 2014). En el ámbito mundial, se ha convertido en la principal especia con un volumen de producción superior a los 22 millones de tonelad..

HAP14F: híbrido de chile ancho poblano para el Altiplano de México

In Mexico, the poblano pepper has great gastronomic, economic and social importance because it is a basic ingredient of traditional dishes. Obtaining low yields in the producing areas, mainly in the Altiplano de México, is due to the high use of creole seeds. To mitigate the aforementioned problem, INIFAP developed the HAP14F wide pepper poblano hybrid, which is an early cycle because it presents flowering and ripening at 39 and 118 days after transplantation (DDT), respectively. It produces fruits of intermediate green color in an immature state that turn a dark red color with a strong brilliance in a mature state. In open-pit evaluations, this hybrid had an average yield of 3.7 t ha-1 of dried or dehydrated chili and in green fruit it reached 23.1 t ha-1. For the afore mentioned, HAP14F is considered a good alternative for the Altiplano de México. Keywords: Capsicum annuum L., open sky, vegetable, yieldEn México, el chile poblano tiene gran importancia gastronómica, económica y social por ser ingrediente básico de platillos tradicionales.La obtención de bajos rendimientos en las áreas productoras, principalmente en el Altiplano de México, se debe al elevado uso de semilla criolla.Para atenuar el problema antes mencionado el INIFAP desarrolló el híbrido de chile ancho poblano HAP14F, el cual es de ciclo precoz debido a que presenta la floración y la maduración del fruto a los 39 y 118 días después del trasplante (ddt), respectivamente.Produce frutos de color verde intermedio en estado inmaduro que se tornan a color rojo obscuro con una fuerte brillantez en estado maduro.En evaluaciones a cielo abierto este híbrido tuvo un rendimiento promedio de 3.7 t ha-1 de chile seco o deshidratado y en fruto verde alcanzó 23.1 t ha-1.Por lo antes mencionado, HAP14F se considera una buena alternativa para el Altiplano de México. Palabras clave: Capsicum annuum L.,cielo abierto, hortaliza, rendimient

Jaguar: cultivar de chile habanero para México

The planting of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinenseJacq.) in Mexico is concentrated in around 80% in the Yucatan peninsula. Approximately 50% of the area dedicated to this vegetable is planted with creole materials, the rest with varieties of free pollination and a minimum area with hybrids of recent formation, developed by transnational companies, which encourages the flight of foreign currency that affects the economy of the country. For the aforementioned, the objective of this work was to obtain a variety of habanero pepper with high yield and fruit quality for the producing regions of Mexico, as a result, INIFAP developed the variety of habanero pepper Jaguar in 2009, which it begins its flowering and harvest of 70-85 and 115-120 days after sowing, respectively. It produces uniform fruits, of emerald green color that turn bright orange in total maturity, very attractive for market in both states of maturity. This variety reaches yields of around 15 t ha-1 in good weather conditions and 30 t ha-1 in the open air with medium to high technology. While under conditions of protected agriculture is up to 43 t ha-1. Keywords:Capsicum chinenseJacq.,vegetable, yieldLa siembra de chile habanero (Capsicum chinenseJacq.) en México se encuentra concentrada en alrededor de 80% en la península de Yucatán. Aproximadamente 50% del área dedicada a esta hortaliza se siembra con materiales criollos, el resto con variedades de polinización libre y un área mínima con híbridos de reciente formación, desarrollados por empresas transnacionales, lo que propicia fuga de divisas que afecta la economía del país. Por lo antes mencionado, el objetivo de este trabajo fue obtener una variedad de chile habanero con alto rendimiento y calidad de fruto para las regiones productoras de México,como resultado, el INIFAP desarrolló la variedad de chile habanero Jaguar en el año 2009, la cual inicia su floración y cosecha de 70-85 y 115-120 días después de la siembra,respectivamente. Produce frutos uniformes, de color verde esmeralda que se tornan anaranjado brillante en madurez total, muy atractivos para mercado en ambos estados de madurez. Esta variedad alcanza rendimientos de alrededor de 15 t ha-1 en condiciones de buen temporal y de 30 t ha-1 a cielo abierto con tecnología de media a alta. Mientras que en condiciones de agricultura protegida es de hasta 43t ha-1. Palabras clave: Capsicum chinense Jacq.,hortaliza, rendimient

Identificación de fuentes de resistencia a pudriciones de la raíz en germoplasma de chile serrano (Capsicum annuum L.)

In Mexico production losses in pepper (Capsicum spp.) caused by infection of Phytophthora capsici Leo, has reached up to 100% in specific areas from the Bajio and Puebla, so it has been lay out to face the phytosanitary problem through the search of genetic resistance in serrano pepper accessions obtained from collections in different regions. In the present study the SCAR marker OpD04.717 was used to identify sources of resistance to the pathogen at molecular level, the accessions were considered resistant to P. capsici when amplified at band of 717 bp. Also reaction tests to P. capsici under in vitro conditions with strain PCT-17 previously isolated were carried out and the survival rate from 142 pepper accessions plus two checks (SCM334, resistant and MIRASOL susceptible to fungus) was obtained. The accession that showed greater resistance to strain was BGS41 compared to SCM334. Serrano pepper accessions with resistance to P. capsici were identified by in vitro test reactions. Not being able to identify sources of resistance to the fungus at molecular level in serrano pepper accessions could be due to the presence of an allele marker associated with resistance locus in a given accession / population does not necessarily imply the same association in different accessions. Serrano pepper accessions with potential use as new sources of resistance to root rot (P. capsici) were identified for traditional breeding programs but not for marker-assisted selection (MAS) through OpD04.717.En México las pérdidas en la producción de chile (Capsicum spp.) ocasionadas por infección con Phytophthora capsici Leo; han llegado a ser de hasta 100% en áreas específicas del Bajío y Puebla, por lo que se ha planteado enfrentar el problema fitosanitario mediante la búsqueda de resistencia genética en accesiones de chile serrano obtenidas a partir de colectas en diferentes regiones del país. En el presente trabajo de investigación se utilizó el marcador SCAR OpD04.717 para identificar fuentes de resistencia a dicho patógeno a nivel molecular, se consideraron las accesiones con resistencia a P. capsici cuando amplificaron una banda de 717 pb. Así también se realizaron pruebas de reacción a P. capsici bajo condiciones in vitro, con la cepa PCT-17 previamente aislada, y se obtuvo el porcentaje de supervivencia de 142 accesiones de chile más los dos testigos (SCM334, resistente y MIRASOL, susceptible al hongo). La accesión que mostró mayor resistencia a la cepa fue BGS41 en comparación con SCM334. Únicamente se identificaron accesiones de chile serrano con resistencia a P. capsici mediante pruebas de reacción in vitro. La no identificación de fuentes de resistencia al hongo a nivel molecular en accesiones de chile serrano se pudo deber a que la presencia de un alelo marcador asociado con un locus de resistencia en una accesión/población determinada no implica necesariamente la misma asociación en diferentes accesiones. Se identificaron accesiones de chile serrano con utilidad potencial como nuevas fuentes de resistencia a pudriciones de la raíz (P. capsici) para programas de mejoramiento genético tradicional pero no para selección asistida por marcadores (MAS) mediante OpD04.717