Assessment of the applicability of failure frequency models for dense phase carbon dioxide pipelines

In Carbon Capture, Usage and Storage (CCUS) schemes, Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is captured from large scale industrial emitters and transported to geological sites for storage. The most efficient method for the transportation of CO2 is via pipeline in the dense phase. CO2 is a hazardous substance which, in the unlikely event of an accidental release, could cause people harm. To correspond with United Kingdom (UK) safety legislation, the design and construction of proposed CO2 pipelines requires compliance with recognised pipeline codes. The UK code PD-8010-1 defines the separation distance between a hazardous pipeline and a nearby population as the minimum distance to occupied buildings using a substance factor. The value of the substance factor should be supported by the results of a Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) approach to ensure the safe design, construction and operation of a dense phase CO2 pipeline. Failure frequency models are a major part of this QRA approach and the focus of this paper is a review of existing oil and gas pipeline third-party external interference failure frequency models to assess whether they could be applied to dense phase CO2 pipelines. It was found that the high design pressure requirement for a dense phase CO2 pipeline typically necessitates the use of high wall thickness linepipe in pipeline construction; and that the wall thickness of typical dense phase CO2 pipelines is beyond the known range of applicability for the pipeline failure equations used within existing failure frequency models. Furthermore, even though third party external interference failure frequency is not sensitive to the product that a pipeline transports, there is however a limitation to the application of existing UK fault databases with to onshore CO2 pipelines as there are currently no dense phase CO2 pipelines operating in the UK. Further work needs to be conducted to confirm the most appropriate approach for calculating failure frequency for dense phase CO2 pipelines, and it is recommended that a new failure frequency model suitable for dense phase CO2 pipelines is developed that can be readily updated to the latest version of the fault database

Validation of the NG-18 equations for thick walled pipelines

The applicability of the flow stress dependent NG-18 equations to thick wall pipelines such as those used to transport dense phase carbon dioxide (CO2) is demonstrated. A comparison between the components of the NG-18 equations and BS 7910 shows that the factor MT for though-wall defects and MP for part-wall defects in the NG-18 equations are very close to the reference stress solutions in BS 7910 Annex P, which are applicable to thick wall pipe. Thus, by inference, the flow stress dependent form of the NG-18 equations is also applicable to thick wall pipe. A further comparison with experimental failure data for thick wall pipes shows that the flow stress dependent NG-18 equations are applicable to wall thicknesses of up to 47.2 mm when the full-size equivalent upper shelf Charpy V-notch impact energy is at least 50 J. The results suggest that in principle, the flow stress dependent NG-18 equations may be used as limit state functions in models to calculate the failure frequency due to third party external interference, for high toughness, thick wall pipelines such as those required for dense phase CO2 pipelines

Spin Excitations in La2CuO4: Consistent Description by Inclusion of Ring-Exchange

We consider the square lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet with plaquette ring exchange and a finite interlayer coupling leading to a consistent description of the spin-wave excitation spectrum in La2CuO4. The values of the in-plane exchange parameters, including ring-exchange J_{\Box}, are obtained consistently by an accurate fit to the experimentally observed in-plane spin-wave dispersion, while the out-of-plane exchange interaction is found from the temperature dependence of the sublattice magnetization at low temperatures. The fitted exchange interactions J=151.9 meV and J_{\Box}=0.24 J give values for the spin stiffness and the Neel temperature in excellent agreement with the experimental data.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, RevTe

Analytical and computational indoor shelter models for infiltration of carbon dioxide into buildings : comparison with experimental data

This paper describes two indoor shelter models – an analytical model and a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model - that can be used to predict the level of infiltration of carbon dioxide (CO2) into a building following a release from an onshore CO2 pipeline. The motivation behind the development of these models was to demonstrate that the effects of shelter should be considered as part of a Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for CO2 pipeline infrastructure and to provide a methodology for considering the impact of a CO2 release on building occupants.A key component in the consequence modelling of a release from a CO2 pipeline is an infiltration model for CO2 into buildings which can describe the impact on people inside buildings during a release event. This paper describes the development of an analytical shelter model and a CFD model which are capable of predicting the change in internal concentration, temperature and toxic load within a single roomed building that is totally engulfed by a transient cloud of gaseous CO2. Application of the models is demonstrated by comparison with experimental measurements of CO2 accumulation in a building placed in the path of a drifting cloud of CO2. The analytical and CFD models are shown to make good predictions of the average change in internal concentration. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the effects of shelter should be taken into account when conducting QRA assessments on CO2 pipelines. Document type: Articl

β -decay half-lives of neutron-rich nuclides in the A=100-110 mass region

β-decay half-lives of neutron-rich nuclides in the A=100-110 mass region have been measured using an implantation station installed inside of the Summing NaI(Tl) (SuN) detector at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. Accurate half-lives for these nuclides are important for nuclear astrophysics, nuclear structure, and nuclear technology. The half-lives from the present work are compared with previous measurements, showing overall good agreement

Reflection and the art of coaching: fostering high-performance in olympic ski cross

In preparation for the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympic Games, the lead author engaged in systematic reflection in an attempt to implement coaching behaviours and create practice environments that promoted athlete development (psycho-social and physical performance). The research was carried out in relation to his work as head Ski Cross coach working with (primarily) three athletes in their quest for Olympic qualification and subsequent performance success in the Olympic Games. This project sought to examine coach-athlete interactions. Of particular interest were coach and athlete responses regarding the implementation of autonomy supportive coaching behaviours in a high context. Autonomy supportive coaching behaviours have previously been strongly associated with positive athlete psycho-social and performance outcomes, however, a paucity of research has examined its implementation in high-performance contexts. Through the use of participant ethnography, it was possible to gain considerable insights regarding athletes' perceptions of choice, implications of perceived athletic hierarchies, as well as cultural and experience-related influences on training and performance expectations

Identifying a gender-inclusive pedagogy from Maltese science teachers' personal practical knowledge

Teachers bring with them into the science classrooms their own gendered identitities and their views and perceptions about how boys and girls learn and achieve in science. This paper tries to explore the way in which fourteen Maltese science teachers use their own 'personal practical knowledge' to identify their views about gender and science and create their own individual gender-inclusive pedagogy. The study suggests that the science teachers focus more on the individuality of students and on the social and cultural background of the students in their classrooms rather than on gender. The teachers try to develop pedagogies and assessment practices which take into consideration the personal constructs of individual learners. The ideas for such a gender-inclusive pedagogy emerge from their common-sense experience in the classroom, their training as teachers and are closely interrelated to current ideas of social constructivism

Total absorption spectroscopy of the β decay of Zr 101,102 and Tc 109

20 pags., 9 figs., 5 tabs.The β decay of Zr101,102 and Tc109 was studied using the technique of total absorption spectroscopy. The experiment was performed at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory using the Summing NaI(Tl) (SuN) detector in the first-ever application of total absorption spectroscopy with a fast beam produced via projectile fragmentation. The β-decay feeding intensity and Gamow-Teller transition strength distributions were extracted for these three decays. The extracted distributions were compared to three different quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) models based on different mean-field potentials. A comparison with calculations from one of the QRPA models was performed to learn about the ground-state shape of the parent nucleus. For Zr101 and Zr102, calculations assuming a pure shape configuration (oblate or prolate) were not able to reproduce the extracted distributions. These results may indicate that some type of mixture between oblate and prolate shapes is necessary to reproduce the extracted distributions. For Tc109, a comparison of the extracted distributions with QRPA calculations suggests a dominant oblate configuration. The other two QRPA models are commonly used to provide β-decay properties in r-process network calculations. This work shows the importance of making comparisons between the experimental and theoretical β-decay distributions, rather than just half-lives and β-delayed neutron emission probabilities, as close to the r-process path as possible.A.A. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under Grants No. FPA2011-24553, No. FPA2014-52823-C2-1-P, and No. FPA2017-83946-C2-1-P and the program Severo Ochoa (SEV-2014-0398). P.S. acknowledges support from MCIU/AEI/FEDER,UE (Spain) under Contract No. PGC2018-093636-B-I00. S.V. acknowledges support from Czech Science Foundation Project No. 19-14048 and the Charles University Project No. UNCE/SCI/013. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. PHY 1565546 (NSCL), No. PHY 1430152 (JINA-CEE), and No. PHY 1350234 (CAREER). This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration through the Nuclear Science and Security Consortium under Awards No. DE-NA0003180 and/or No. DE-NA000097

Effect of a non-dieting lifestyle randomised control trial on psychological well-being and weight management in morbidly obese pre-menopausal women.

Objective This study examined the effects of a non-dieting lifestyle intervention approach for morbidly obese women designed in the framework of the self-determination theory (SDT) and Health at Every Size on weight maintenance and psychological functioning. Participants and design Predominantly white (97%), morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 35 kg m-2 with at least one co-morbid condition or a BMI ≥ 40 kg m-2) pre-menopausal women (N = 62), aged between 24 and 55 years were initially randomly assigned to 12 weeks of lifestyle intervention (IIG) or delayed start control group (DSCG). The program consisted of 3 months intensive lifestyle intervention followed by 9 month maintenance phase. The DSCG group commenced the program after 3 months. Results and conclusions Initially, the IIG showed a significant decrease in body weight (baseline to end of the RCT phase) compared with a significant increase in the DSCG group. However, no significant changes in weight status were evident in either group at 12 months compared with baseline. The 3-month intensive intervention resulted in significantly improved psychological functioning in both groups, which were maintained at 12 months. The study provides additional support for a non-dieting, theory-based, lifestyle approach to weight management and psychological well-being among morbidly obese females

Profiling the tyrosine phosphoproteome of different mouse mammary tumour models reveals distinct, model-specific signalling networks and conserved oncogenic pathways

Introduction Although aberrant tyrosine kinase signalling characterises particular breast cancer subtypes, a global analysis of tyrosine phosphorylation in mouse models of breast cancer has not been undertaken to date. This may identify conserved oncogenic pathways and potential therapeutic targets. Methods We applied an immunoaffinity/mass spectrometry workflow to three mouse models: murine stem cell virus-Neu, expressing truncated Neu, the rat orthologue of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, Her2 (HER2); mouse mammary tumour virus-polyoma virus middle T antigen (PyMT); and the p53?/? transplant model (p53). Pathways and protein¿protein interaction networks were identified by bioinformatics analysis. Molecular mechanisms underpinning differences in tyrosine phosphorylation were characterised by Western blot analysis and array comparative genomic hybridisation. The functional role of mesenchymal¿epithelial transition factor (Met) in a subset of p53-null tumours was interrogated using a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), small interfering RNA (siRNA)¿mediated knockdown and cell proliferation assays. Results The three models could be distinguished on the basis of tyrosine phosphorylation signatures and signalling networks. HER2 tumours exhibited a protein¿protein interaction network centred on avian erythroblastic leukaemia viral oncogene homologue 2 (Erbb2), epidermal growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor ?, and they displayed enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1. In contrast, the PyMT network displayed significant enrichment for components of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signalling pathway, whereas p53 tumours exhibited increased tyrosine phosphorylation of Met and components or regulators of the cytoskeleton and shared signalling network characteristics with basal and claudin-low breast cancer cells. A subset of p53 tumours displayed markedly elevated cellular tyrosine phosphorylation and Met expression, as well as Met gene amplification. Treatment of cultured p53-null cells exhibiting Met amplification with a selective Met TKI abrogated aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation and blocked cell proliferation. The effects on proliferation were recapitulated when Met was knocked down using siRNA. Additional subtypes of p53 tumours exhibited increased tyrosine phosphorylation of other oncogenes, including Peak1/SgK269 and Prex2. Conclusion This study provides network-level insights into signalling in the breast cancer models utilised and demonstrates that comparative phosphoproteomics can identify conserved oncogenic signalling pathways. The Met-amplified, p53-null tumours provide a new preclinical model for a subset of triple-negative breast cancers