Rule of law a debate: Laski vs Dicey

En el presente artículo se ofrece un novedoso análisis de una de las obras cumbre del constitucionalismo inglés de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, Introductory to the study of the Law of the Constitution, del profesor de la Universidad de Oxford, Albert Venn Dicey. Se analiza el sistema constitucional consagrado en la misma, y el principal motivo de innovación es el hecho de que se planteen su estudio, su matización y su crítica desde dentro de la cultura constitucional anglosajona. Esta revisión será llevada a cabo siguiendo las reflexiones de Harold Laski, uno de los últimos discípulos de DiceyThis article provides a new analysis of the masterpiece of English Law of the Constitution in the turn of the twentieth century, Introductory to the study of the Law of the Constitution, by Albert Venn Dicey, Professor at the University of Oxford. It studies the constitutional system set up within the book, being the main feature of innovation the fact that the raised criticism comes from the same Anglo constitutional culture. For that purpose, the refl ections of Harold Laski, one of the last disciples of Dicey, are centra

Another history of “lo contencioso-administrativo” in Spain: Alterity and discontinuity between the catholic monarchy and the administrative state (1812-1845)

El presente artículo pretende, a través de una pequeña reflexión metodológica, contribuir al diálogo necesario entre cierta historiografía jurídica definida por su empleo de la alteridad y la ciencia del derecho público interesada en la historia de su disciplina y de su derecho. Aprovechando un disenso historiográfico claro en torno a una temática clásica en la historia de la construcción del Estado decimonónico español —la instauración de “lo contencioso-administrativo”— se analizan, en primer lugar, las dos formulaciones posibles de esa misma historia incidiendo en aquellos aspectos que más las diferencian. En segundo lugar, se razona sobre las causas que están detrás de la falta de consenso interpretativo, para así acabar sosteniendo que el enriquecimiento del diálogo debe pasar ineludiblemente por ampliar el catálogo de fuentes y hacerlas compatibles con una perspectiva común que tome de la segunda formulación su mayor cuidado a la hora de emplear esas mismas fuentesThis article aims, through a brief methodological reflection, to contribute to the necessary dialogue between a certain legal historiography defined by its use of otherness and the science of Public Law interested in the history of its discipline and its law. Taking advantage of a clear historiographical dissent around a classic theme in the history of the construction of the Spanish nineteenth-century state —the establishment of “lo contencioso-administrativo”— we first analyse the two possible formulations of this same history, focusing on those aspects that most distinguish them. Secondly, the causes behind the lack of interpretative consensus are discussed, in order to conclude by arguing that the enrichment of the dialogue must inevitably involve broadening the catalogue of sources and making them compatible with a common perspective that takes greater care in the use of these same sources from the second formulatio

Perfiles jurídicos de las guerras carlistas: la cuestión foral

El presente estudio aborda, desde un punto de vista jurídico, la evolución del problema de integración de las instituciones vascas en el incipiente Estado liberal español del siglo XIX, lo que tradicionalmente se ha dado en llamar Cuestión Foral, examinando con especial atención el papel que las guerras carlistas desempeñaron en esta problemática

Flipped classroom based on objective structured clinical examinations analysis by undergraduate students of Pharmacology course from the Podiatry Degree improve their learning and assessment communication skills about medicines

Comunicación cartel con defensa oralWe aim to evaluate the impact of the individual and in-group analysis of OSCEs (filmed by other students) looking for correct and incorrect behaviours and contents in their learning of pharmacology. Summary of work and outcomes: A 5-year prospective study in which students of Pharmacology course from the Podiatry Degree analysed filmed OSCEs individually and in a group in a flipped classroom. Each group (max 5 students) analysed along 1 week a filmed OSCE, prepare a summary of correct and incorrect items related to clinical events, medicines uses, and people behaviours. The students presented their analysis results to the rest of the class. After each presentation, the other students of the class were encouraged to ask questions and after that, the students voluntarily answered a satisfaction survey. Result and Discussion: 405 students, 65.2% female, 20±5.3 years old were included. Students spend 13.4±5.4 h on making the filmed-OSCE analysis. The percentage of students satisfied with this way of studying pharmacology was 96.5%. OSCEs analysis by students increased their percentage of success in the final assessment in both OSCEs-related and OSCEs-non-related questions (+18.5% and +10.1%). Conclusion: Filmed Objective Structured Clinical Examinations analysis by undergraduate students on the Pharmacology course of Podiatry Degree improved their knowledge about medicines use and their communication skills during the assessment.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Filmed clinical cases improved communication skills of student of Pharmacology in Podiatry degree

Solving clinical case by writing-report lacks of students sympathies and interest in many cases. Make a short film is a novelty that really like to the students and may improve their arguing and planning capacities and their communication skills. Aim: To evaluate the impact of presenting and resolving clinical cases through filming a short-film in the communication skills development and in the learning of medicines in Podiatry undergraduate students. Methods: A two-year study in which students were invited to voluntarily form groups (3 students maximum). Each group has to design and film a short-film (8 min maximum) showing a clinical case in which medicines’ use was needed to treat feet pathology. A camera, a mobile-phone's video editor or whatever they may use was allowed. The job of each group was supervised and helped by a teacher. The students were invited to present their work to the rest of the class. After each short-film projection the students were encouraged to ask questions if they wanted to do it. After all the projections the students voluntarily answered a satisfaction survey. Results: Students of Pharmacology of Podiatry Degree, N=101, 55.6% female, 20±1.3 years old were enrolled. 37 short-films showing a clinical case were made. The average time spent by students in making the film was 12.4±8 h. The percentage of students which were satisfied with this way of presentation of the clinical cases was 75.2%. Conclusion: Filmed clinical cases performed by student of Pharmacology of the Podiatry Degree improved their communication skills.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Convocatoria de Ayudas de la Universidad de Málaga a Proyectos de Innovación Educativa, convocatoria 2013-2015, PIE 13-156 en Área de Ciencias de la Salud

La formación histórica de los estados de excepción

La presente contribución tiene como objetivo justificar la localización del más remoto precedente de nuestro actual derecho de excepción, entendiendo por tal la constitucionalización del sistema de defensa del Estado realizada por la primera norma de 1869. Para ello se extiende en la historia constitucional precedente al hilo del análisis de las muchas vidas de la Ley de 17 de abril de 1821, una norma que, aprobada en las Cortes del Trienio, fungió como Ley de Orden Público hasta 1870; aportando además una valoración crítica del sistema creado por el primer constitucionalismo del SexenioThe aim of this paper is to justify the identification of the most remote precedent of our current law of exception, understood as the constitutionalisation of the mechanism for the protection of the State carried out by the Magna Carta of 1869. In order to do so, it draws from the preceding constitutional history by analysing the many lives of the Law of 17 April 1821, a regulation which was passed by the Cortes of the Trienio and served as the Law of Public Order until 1870; it also provides a critical assessment of the system created by the first constitutionalism of the Sexeni

Development of a New Method for the Determination of Manganese, Cadmium, Mercury and Lead in Whole Blood and Amniotic Fluid by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Environmental exposure to metals among women, revealed their adverse effects on pregnancy. During this stage, blood levels of some metals increase so research on heavy metals transference from the mother’s blood to the developing foetus is of special interest and much attention has been paid to this matter. The amniotic fluid can be considered as a valuable marker of this prenatal exposure to exogenous factors. The aim of this study was to develop a method for the simultaneous determination of Mn, Cd, Hg, and Pb in whole maternal blood and amniotic fluid by ICP-MS. Strategies were given to minimise memory effects related to mercury and two widespread digestion procedures (open-vessel and microwave-assisted) were compared. Several quality controls, such as methodological and reagent blanks, spiked samples and duplicates were used to test the goodness of the developed method. Once optimised, the method was applied for the monitoring of Mn, Cd, Hg and Pb in 15 maternal blood and amniotic fluid samples obtained at delivery after informed consent. This study establishes that heavy metals pass into and accumulate in amniotic fluid and maternal blood. Thus, mean concentrations of Mn were similar in the two biological fluids studied, 21.6 ng/mL in maternal blood and 20.5 ng/mL in amniotic fluid. Mean Cd and mercury levels in blood and amniotic fluid were 1.3 and 6.3 ng/mL and 3.4 and 3.8 ng/mL, respectively. Concentrations of Pb were 16.4 ng/mL in blood and 13.7 ng/mL in amniotic fluid. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term health effects derived from this exposure.Plan Propio of the University of SevilleFundación Farmacéutica Avenzoa

El desarrollo y análisis de ECOEs mejoró las habilidades de comunicación, aprendizaje y evaluación de los estudiantes de Farmacología en el Grado de Podología.

Comunicación a congresoEl desarrollo y análisis de ECOEs mejoró las habilidades de comunicación, aprendizaje y evaluación de los estudiantes de Farmacología en el Grado de Podología. Bellido Estevez I, Blanco Reina E, Bellido Estevez MV, García Arnés JA, Gómez Luque A. Dep. Farmacología. Facultad de Medicina. IBIMA. S. de Anestesia. Hospitales Regional Carlos Haya y Virgen de la Victoria. Universidad de Málaga. Mlaga, España. Antecedentes/Objetivos: La enseñanza inversa facilita el aprendizaje activo. Las evaluaciones clínicas objetivas estructuradas (ECOEs) son herramientas evaluativas, multipropósito, versátiles, usadas para evaluar en el entorno clínico. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el impacto del desarrollo y análisis ECOEs en el aprendizaje de la farmacología. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo a lo largo de 5 años en el que los estudiantes de Farmacología del Grado de Podología desarrollaron y analizaron ECOEs usando técnicas de enseñanza inversa. Cada grupo (5 estudiantes máximo) analizó a lo largo de 1 semana una ECOE filmada y desarrollada por otros alumnos, preparó un resumen de los elementos correctos e incorrectos relacionados con eventos clínicos, usos de medicamentos y comportamientos de las personas. Cada grupo presentó sus resultados al resto de la clase, contestaron a las preguntas de sus compañeros y posteriormente a una encuesta de satisfacción. Resultados/Discusión: Fueron incluidos 405 estudiantes, 65,2% mujeres, 20±5,3 años. Los estudiantes dedicaron 13,4±5,4 h a analizar las ECOEs. El porcentaje de estudiantes satisfechos con esta forma de estudiar farmacología fue del 96,5%. Esta actividad incrementó el porcentaje de éxito en la evaluación final en las preguntas relacionadas con las ECOEs un 18,5% y en las no relacionadas un 10,1%. Conclusión: El desarrollo y análisis de ECOEs mejoró los conocimientos sobre el uso de medicamentos, habilidades de comunicación y evaluación de los estudiantes de Farmacología del Grado de Podología.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Identification and characterization of Diaporthe spp. associated with twig cankers and shoot blight of almonds in Spain

[EN] Two hundred and twenty-fiveDiaportheisolates were collected from 2005 to 2019 in almond orchards showing twig cankers and shoot blight symptoms in five different regions across Spain. Multilocus DNA sequence analysis with five loci (ITS,tub,tef-1 alpha,calandhis), allowed the identification of four knownDiaporthespecies, namely:D. amygdali,D. eres,D. foeniculinaandD. phaseolorum. Moreover, a novel phylogenetic species,D. mediterranea, was described.Diaportheamygdaliwas the most prevalent species, due to the largest number of isolates (85.3%) obtained from all sampled regions. The second most frequent species wasD. foeniculina(10.2%), followed byD. mediterranea(3.6%),D.eresandD. phaseolorum, each with only one isolate. Pathogenicity tests were performed using one-year-old almond twigs cv. Vayro and representative isolates of the different species. Except forD. foeniculinaandD. phaseolorum, allDiaporthespecies were able to cause lesions significantly different from those developed on the uninoculated controls.Diaporthe mediterraneacaused the most severe symptoms. These results confirmD. amygdalias a key pathogen of almonds in Spain. Moreover, the new species,D. mediterranea, should also be considered as a potential important causal agent of twig cankers and shoot blight on this crop.Research funded by the Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), grants RTA2017-00009-C04-01, -02, -03 and -04 and with matching funds from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). G. Elena and C. Agusti-Brisach were supported by the Spanish post-doctoral grants "Juan de la Cierva-Formacion" and "Juan de la Cierva-Incorporacion", respectively. J. Luque and X. Miarnau were partially supported by the CERCA program, Generalitat de Catalunya. D. Gramaje was supported by the Ramon y Cajal program, Spanish Government (RYC-2017-23098).León Santana, M.; Berbegal Martinez, M.; Rodríguez-Reina, JM.; Elena, G.; Abad Campos, P.; Ramón-Albalat, A.; Olmo, D.... (2020). Identification and characterization of Diaporthe spp. associated with twig cankers and shoot blight of almonds in Spain. Agronomy. 10(8):1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081062S123108Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nationshttp://www.fao.org/faostat/es/#datDiogo, E. L. F., Santos, J. M., & Phillips, A. J. L. (2010). Phylogeny, morphology and pathogenicity of Diaporthe and Phomopsis species on almond in Portugal. Fungal Diversity, 44(1), 107-115. doi:10.1007/s13225-010-0057-xTuset, J. J., & Portilla, M. A. T. (1989). Taxonomic status of Fusicoccum amygdali and Phomopsis amygdalina. Canadian Journal of Botany, 67(5), 1275-1280. doi:10.1139/b89-168TUSET, J. J., HINAREJOS, C., & PORTILLA, M. T. (1997). 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Wheat bran valorisation: Towards photocatalytic nanomaterials for benzyl alcohol photo-oxidation

In this work, we have successfully synthesized a set of titania photocatalytic nanocomposites by the incorporation of different TiO2 content on wheat bran residues. The obtained catalysts were characterized by different techniques including UVeVis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) while their photocatalytic activity was investigated in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol under UV light irradiation. Benzaldehyde yields were ca. 20%, with conversion in the systems of ca. 33% of benzyl alcohol by using 10%Ti-Bran catalyst, as compared to 33% yield to the target product (quantitative conversion of benzyl alcohol) using commercial pure TiO2 (P-25). The photocatalytic activity results indicate that designed waste-derived nanomaterials with low TiO2 content can efficiently photocatalyze the conversion of benzyl alcohol with relative high selectivity towards benzaldehyde