Evolució del cultiu de les varietats de raïm a les Balears

La vinya (Vitis vinifera L.) és una planta de la família de les vitàcies. Els seus inicis es remunten a l'Eocè, encara que el gènere vinifera aparegui al Pleistocè. Segons les troballes de vinya silvestre, la domesticació d'aquest cultiu es va estendre per la perifèria de la Mediterrània. Les primeres troballes a Mallorca són grans de raïm a les excavacions talaiòtiques (Aramburu, 2007). Des de Plini (24-79 d. de C.) fins a les darreres incorporacions de varietats autoritzades, en aquesta publicació s'ha intentat fer un recull exhaustiu de totes les referències trobades fins ara per tal de poder esbrinar l'origen i l'evolució d'aquest cultiu a les Illes Balears, fent especial atenció a les diferents varietats que s'han cultivat i que encara es cultiven a les Illes.La vid (Vitis vinifera L.) es una planta de las vitáceas, sus inicios se remontan al Eoceno aunque el género vinífera comienza en el Pleistoceno. Según los hallazgos de vid silvestre, la distribución de la domesticación se centraría en la periferia del Mediterráneo. Los primeros hallazgos en Mallorca son semillas de uvas encontradas en las excavaciones del poblado talayótico de Ses Païses, en Artà, Mallorca (Aramburu, 2007). Desde Plinio (24-79 d. de C.) hasta las últimas incorporaciones de variedades autorizadas, en esta publicación se ha intentado hacer una recopilación exhaustiva de todas las referencias encontradas hasta la actualidad para poder averiguar el origen y la evolución de este cultivo en las Islas Baleares, poniendo especial atención a las diferentes variedades que se han cultivado y que se cultivan en las Islas

Les Varietats minoritàries de les Illes Balears

És conegut i palpable l'interès creixent per les varietats minoritàries de vinya en les diferents comunitats de tot el territori espanyol. Aquest interès respon, en la majoria dels casos, a una recerca d'originalitat i tipicitat del vi lligada a la regió. La recuperació, la protecció i la difusió d'aquestes varietats minoritàries té també, a més d'importància econòmica, importància des del punt de vista cultural i patrimonial, ja que representa la preservació del patrimoni vitícola de la regió i, per tant, un fre a l'erosió genètica que afecta aquest cultiu. L'estudi més complet de la col· lecció de les Illes Balears es va centrar en la caracterització i l'avaluació de l'aptitud enològica d'aquestes varietats, dins del projecte «Caracterización morfológica y agronómica de variedades autóctonas de Baleares y evaluación de su aptitud enológica: composición antociánica y perfil aromático». Gràcies a aquest estudi, disposem de la descripció ampelogràfica i agronòmica de les varietats analitzades, a més d'un coneixement del seu potencial enològic (Escalona et al., 2009a i 2009b). En aquesta comunicació es presenta un resum dels resultats obtinguts i, per tant, una descripció de les varietats més interessants.Es conocido y palpable el interés por las variedades minoritarias de vid en todo el territorio español. Este interés responde, en la mayoría de los casos, a una búsqueda de originalidad y tipicidad ligada a la región. La recuperación, protección y difusión de estas variedades minoritarias tiene una importancia no sólo económica sino también desde el punto de vista cultural y patrimonial, ya que supone la preservación del patrimonio vitícola de la región y por lo tanto un freno a la erosión genética que afecta a este cultivo. El estudio más completo de la colección de variedades de las Islas Baleares se centró en su caracterización y en la evaluación de su aptitud enológica, dentro del proyecto «Caracterización morfológica y agronómica de variedades autóctonas de Baleares y evaluación de su aptitud enológica: composición antociánica y perfil aromático». Gracias a este estudio, se dispone actualmente de su descripción ampelográfica y agronómica, así como de un conocimiento de su potencial enológico (Escalona et al., 2009a y 2009b). En la presente comunicación se presenta un resumen de los resultados obtenidos y, por lo tanto, una descripción de las variedades más interesantes

Espirais para pensar temas, perguntas e procedimentos metodológicos em pesquisa: Sobrejustaposições na interface corpo/educação/visualidades

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1983734810731O artigo busca, inicialmente, lançar mão de uma visualidade para falar de pesquisa em educação – a intervenção artística Espiral do Conhecimento de André Dalmazzo – tentando operar com tais campos no que tange às temáticas, perguntas e procedimentos metodológicos com os quais nos relacionamos constantemente em empreitadas investigativas. Na materialidade da trajetória formativa e da atual investigação de um dos autores, o artigo busca operar com alguns conceitos sobrejustapostos na interface corpo/educação/visualidades. A composição com sobras resultantes de experiências formativas e de pesquisa é assumida como procedimento que institui um complexo capaz de colocar o pensamento em funcionamento em encontros produtivos. Recebido em: 23/09/2013 Aprovado em: 15/10/2013

Population Prevalence of Trachoma in Nine Rural Non-Indigenous Evaluation Units of Brazil.

Purpose: To assess the contemporary prevalence of trachoma in Brazil's non-indigenous population, surveys of those thought to be at greatest risk of disease were conducted.Methods: Rural census tracts of non-indigenous population from nine mesoregions were selected to compose the survey evaluation units (EUs) by considering previously endemic municipalities at greatest risk of trachoma. In each of the nine EUs, we conducted a population-based prevalence survey. Every resident of selected households aged ≥1 year was examined for trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT). Additionally, data were collected on household-level access to water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) and education.Results: A total of 27,962 individuals were examined across nine EUs. The age-adjusted TF prevalence in 1-9-year-olds was 99% of surveyed children.Conclusions: The prevalence of TF was well below the target for elimination as a public health problem in all EUs. Because EUs surveyed were selected to represent the highest-risk non-indigenous areas of the country, TF prevalence is unlikely to be ≥5% in non-indigenous populations elsewhere. In one EU, the prevalence of TT was above the target threshold for elimination. Further investigation and possibly improvement in TT surgical provision are required in that EU

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Potential of landrace winery by-products (<i>Vitis vinifera L.</i>) as a source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties

Aim: To evaluate the potential of the main winery by-products – pressed pomaces, fermented pomaces and stems –, derived from minor grape varieties (Escursac, Gorgollassa and Sabater as red varieties, Giró ros and Quigat as white varieties) native to the Balearic Islands (Spain), as raw material for the production of phenolic concentrates with antioxidant properties. Methods and results: Total phenolics, tannins and anthocyanins, as well as antioxidant capacity of winery by-products were spectrophotometrically evaluated and compared to those of Cabernet sauvignon and Chardonnay varieties. In general, stems presented higher average total phenolic (5.57 ± 1.25 g/100 g dm) and total tannin (10.26 ± 2.10 g/100 g dm) contents than the corresponding pomaces, with the landrace variety Escursac being that which exhibited the highest values (p < 0.05). For pomaces, those sampled after the fermentation process presented larger amounts of polyphenols than those collected just after the pressing process, and the fermented pomaces from the autochthonous varieties Escursac and Sabater were those with the highest potential. Conclusion: The present research demonstrated that landrace minor varieties denoted similar, or even higher, phenolic and antioxidant potential than the reference grape varieties. The characterization performed might be the basis for their integrated use and revalorization as promising sources of phenolic concentrates, despite not having still undergone the selection process that the traditional grape varieties have been subjected to as a result of decades of intensive production. Significance and impact of the study: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of winery by-products from grape varieties native to the Balearic Islands are examined. Due to the increasing use of these minor grape varieties in winemaking, the phenolic characterization of their by-products is of great interest for the wine sector, which could exploit these underutilized resources more efficiently and extensively so as to support sustainable agricultural production

Potencial of landrace winery by-products (vistis vinifera L.) as a source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties.

[eng] Aim: To evaluate the potential of the main winery byproducts - pressed pomaces, fermented pomaces and stems -, derived from minor grape varieties (Escursac, Gorgollassa and Sabater as red varieties, Giró ros and Quigat as white varieties) native to the Balearic Islands (Spain), as raw material for the production of phenolic concentrates with antioxidant properties. Methods and results : Total phenolics, tannins and anthocyanins, as well as antioxidant capacity of winery byproducts were spectrophotometrically evaluated and compared to those of Cabernet-Sauvignon and Chardonnay varieties. In general, stems presented higher average total phenolic (5.57 ± 1.25 g/100 g dm) and total tannin (10.26 ± 2.10 g/100 g dm) contents than the corresponding pomaces, with the landrace variety Escursac being that which exhibited the highest values (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The present research demonstrated that landrace minor varieties denoted similar, or even higher, phenolic and antioxidant potential than the reference grape varieties. The characterization performed might be the basis for their integrated use and revalorization as promising sources of phenolic concentrates, despite not having still undergone the selection process that the traditional grape varieties have been subjected to as a result of decades of intensive production. Significance and impact of the study: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of winery byproducts from grape varieties native to the Balearic Islands are examined. Due to the increasing use of these minor grape varieties in winemaking, the phenolic characterization of their by-products is of great interest for the wine sector, which could exploit these underutilized resources more efficiently and extensively so as to support sustainable agricultural production

Prevalence of trachoma in schoolchildren in Brazil

Brazilian Public Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS)University of São Paulo. São, SP, Brazil.Ministry of Health. Control Program. Brasília, DF, Brazil.São Paulo State Health Secretariat. Epidemiology Surveillance Center. Sanitary Ophthalmology Center. São, SP, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.University of São Paulo. Public Health School. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Purpose: Trachoma was hyperendemic in Brazil until the 20th century. The prevalence has declined sharply in the past decades. The aim of this study was to estimate trachoma prevalence in schoolchildren in Brazilian municipalities with a Human Development Index (HDI) below the national mean. Methods: A cluster random sampling survey on trachoma prevalence was carried out. Brazilian municipalities with HDI below the national mean, within each of the 27 states, were stratified into three strata according to population size. In each stratum, schools were systematically selected to comprise a sample of 2400 schoolchildren, totaling 7200 per state. In each selected school, children enrolled from 1st to 4th grade were examined for trachoma. The simplified trachoma grading system was used. At a meeting held in each school, the study was explained to parents, and verbal consent sought. Results: A total of 185,862 children were enrolled in the selected schools. Of these, 171,973 (92.5%) participated in the study. The overall prevalence of trachomatous inflammation – follicular was 5.0% (95% confidence interval 4.7–5.3%), varying from 1.5% to 9.0% among the states. Prevalence was significantly associated with the sampling stratum (being higher in small municipalities), the zone in which the school was located (higher in rural schools), and with age (higher among younger children). Conclusion: Trachoma is still a public health problem in Brazil, although at a low level of endemicity. As the country advances towards the elimination of blinding trachoma, this survey provides a baseline for evaluation of ongoing and future elimination interventions