PERFIL DOS CUIDADORES DE IDOSOS EM DECORRÊNCIA DO DESEMPENHO DE SUA ATIVIDADE LABORAL ELDERLY PATIENT CAREGIVERS PROFILE DUE TO THEIR WORK PERFORMANCE

ResumoObjetivo: Identificar o perfil dos cuidadores de idosos em decorrência do desempenho de sua atividade laboral. Métodos: Estudo de natureza observacional, descritiva e quantitativa, realizado em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família, localizada no interior do Estado do Ceará. A população foi composta por 26 cuidadores de idosos vulneráveis visitados mensalmente pela equipe de saúde. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de um questionário auto aplicado, não identificado. Para se obter acesso as fontes foi realizada uma visita domiciliária ao cuidador e aplicado o questionário. Resultados: Idade: 11 (42,3%) têm mais de 50 anos, 10 (38,5%) se encaixam na faixa-etária de 31 a 50 anos e 05 (19,2%) com até 30 anos. Sexo: 26 (100%) do sexo feminino. Escolaridade: 19 cuidadores (73,1%) cursaram até o ensino fundamental. Vontade e satisfação em exercer a função laboral: 17 (65,4%) relatam que gostariam de executar outro trabalho, enquanto 09 (34,6%) negam a aspiração de outro emprego. Esforço físico: 24 (92,3%) dos cuidadores consideram fazer algum tipo de esforço físico no desempenho de suas funções. Conclusão: O estudo permitiu uma melhor compreensão da realidade atual dos cuidadores de idosos vulneráveis, relacionada à prática da atividade do cuidado de idosos. Palavras-chave:Cuidadores. Assistência a idosos. Estresse psicológico. AbstractObjective: To identify the profile of caregivers of the elderly as a result of the performance of their work activity. Methods: This is an observational, descriptive and quantitative study carried out in a Basic Family Health Unit, located in the interior of the State of Ceará. The population was composed of 26 caregivers of vulnerable elderly people visited monthly by the health team. Data were collected through a self-applied, unidentified questionnaire. In order to obtain access to the sources, a home visit was made to the caregiver and the questionnaire was applied. Results: Age: 11 (42.3%) were over 50 years of age, 10 (38.5%) fit the age range from 31 to 50 years and 05 (19.2%) with up to 30 years. Sex: 26 (100%) female. Schooling: 19 caregivers (73.1%) attended elementary school. Willingness and satisfaction in carrying out the work function: 17 (65.4%) report that they would like to perform other work, while 09 (34.6%) deny the aspiration of another job. Physical effort: 24 (92.3%) of caregivers consider doing some kind of physical effort in the performance of their duties. Conclusion: The study allowed a better understanding of the current reality of caregivers of vulnerable elderly, related to the practice of the care activity of the elderly. Keyword:Caregivers. Care for the elderly. Stress psychological

Hepatogenous Photosensitization in Steer by Brachiaria decumbens

Background: Although the etiology of hepatogenous photosensitization has not yet been fully elucidated, it is known that hepatotoxic substances (saponins) present in grasses of the genus Brachiaria spp. are responsible for intoxication of several species, causing great economic losses in the whole world. Since this grass is the source of food for the herd in Brazil, and other countries of the world, the aim of this paper is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and anatomopathological aspects of a steer with this disease.Case: A 3-year-old Nellore steer was referred to veterinary care at a property in Bahia, with a 3-week history of swelling, loss of cutaneous tissue in the ear and scrotum region, and dry faeces. The animal was raised in pasture with Brachiaria decumbens along with five animals of different age and sex; however, it was the only one to present symptoms. Although the animal had been treated at the farm, there was no clinical improvement. On clinical examination, the steer was apathetic with jaundiced mucous membranes, nasal and ocular discharge, epiphora, and ulcers on the labial and gum commissure. The steer had leukocytosis with neutrophilia, anemia, and hyperfibrinogemia. The body condition score (BCS) was 3 (BCS ranges from 1 to 9), and the skin lesions observed were bedsores, necrosis and scabs in several regions. The increase in liver enzymes (GGT, AST) indicated hepatic impairment, suggesting a case of hepatogenous photosensitization. The therapeutic protocol instituted was enteral hydration, electrolyte replacement, topical application of ointment in the injured areas. In addition, it was recommended to maintain the animal in the shade, supply of good quality grass, and a new clinical evaluation in seven days. On new examination, it was observed that there was no satisfactory clinical improvement of the animal, and persistence of laboratory changes. Despite the poor prognosis, treatment was continued for another month with the same recommendations. However, in view of the severe clinical condition and unfavorable prognosis, the animal was submitted euthanasia. Necropsy revealed extensive areas of bedsores, erythema, severe jaundice in the mucous membranes, eyeballs and opaque corneas. The liver had an enlarged volume with bulging edges and a greenish color. The kidneys had a pale brownish color, with an irregular and mottled subcapsular surface, with blackened and depressed spots. Histologically, the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes was finely vacuolated, sometimes refringent and with an abundant presence of bile pigment. It was also observed in the middle of the liver parenchyma, multiple foci of accumulation of macrophages filled with vacuoles of different sizes containing saponins and crystals of saponins inside bile ducts. Furthermore, it was possible to observe hypertrophy and hyperplasia of Kupffer cells, disarrangement of hepatocytes with individual necrosis of hepatocytes.Discussion: The diagnosis of hepatogenous photosensitization was based on history, clinical, laboratory and anatomopathological findings. Serum biochemistry was important to measure hepatic impairment and possible secondary lesions, which were confirmed by the necropsy. Although hepatogenous photosensitization is less common in adult cattle, it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions, reduced appetite, and jaundice. Since it was a sporadic case, individual predisposition is probably a preponderant factor. Keywords: cattle, photodermatitis, intoxication, liver injury, skin lesions

Recurrent water deficit causes epigenetic and hormonal changes in citrus plants

The present study evaluated the physiological, molecular and hormonal parameters from scion/rootstock interaction of citrus plants during recurrent water deficit. Responses of the Valencia (VO) scion variety grafted on two rootstocks with different soil water extraction capacities, Rangpur Lime (RL) and Sunki Maravilha (SM), during three successive periods of water deficit: plants exposed to a single episode of water deficit (WD1) and plants exposed to two (WD2) and three (WD3) recurrent periods of WD were compared. The combinations VO/RL and VO/SM presented polymorphic alterations of epigenetic marks and hormonal (i.e. abscisic acid, auxins and salicylicacid) profiles, which were particularly prominent when VO/SM plantswere exposed toWD3 treatment. Upon successive drought events, the VO/SM combination presented acclimatization characteristics that enable higher tolerance to water deficit by increasing transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (g s ) and photosynthetic rate (A), which in turn may have facilitated the whole plant survival. Besides providing comprehensive data on the scion/rootstock interactions upon successive stress events, this study brings the first dataset suggesting that epigenetic alterations in citrus plants triggered by recurrent water deficit lead to improved drought tolerance in this crop species. (Résumé d'auteur

A PSORÍASE NO CONTEXTO DA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA: UM PLANO DE INTERVENÇÃO ATRAVÉS DE UM RELATO DE CASO

  Introdução: A psoríase caracteriza-se por ser uma doença de etiologia desconhecida, com evolução crônica, acentuada e tendências às recidivas. A lesão característica é representada por uma placa eritemato-escamosa, saliente em relação a superfície da pele. Objetivos: Identificar as principais necessidades de educação em saúde de um paciente acometido por psoríase através de um relato de caso vivenciado em uma unidade básica de saúde e no próprio domicílio do paciente. Material e Métodos: A coleta de dados foi realizada através de um formulário com questões abertas e fechadas. Resultados: As principais metas para o paciente foram alcançadas por incluir melhor compreensão sobre a psoríase e o regime e adesão do tratamento, a obtenção da pele mais lisa com o controle das lesões e o desenvolvimento da auto-aceitação que é um enfretamento de estresse para realização das atividades normais e as interações sociais. Conclusões: Constatou-se que o paciente acometido com psoríase precisa está informado de sua patologia, como também toda a população que discrimina esses indivíduos. Portanto, acreditamos na educação em saúde como meio de transformação desta realidade que precisa ser mudada.   Palavras-chave: Psoríase. Educação em saúde. Qualidade de vida. Introduction: Psoriasis is characterized by being a disease of unknown etiology, with a chronic, marked evolution and tendencies to relapse. The characteristic lesion is represented by an erythematous-squamous plaque, protruding from the surface of the skin. Objectives: To identify the main health education needs of a patient affected by psoriasis through a case report in a primary healthcare unit and in the patient's own home. Material and Methods: The data collection was done through a form with open and closed questions. Results: The main goals for the patient were achieved by including a better understanding of psoriasis and treatment regimen and adherence, obtaining smoother skin with lesion control, and developing self-acceptance that is a stress coping for performance of normal activities and social interactions. Conclusions: It was verified that the patient with psoriasis is aware of his pathology, as well as the entire population that discriminates these individuals. Therefore, we believe in health education as a means of transforming this reality that needs to be changed. Keywords: Psoriasis. Health education. Life quality

Genome of the Avirulent Human-Infective Trypanosome—Trypanosoma rangeli

Background: Trypanosoma rangeli is a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite infecting humans and other wild and domestic mammals across Central and South America. It does not cause human disease, but it can be mistaken for the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi. We have sequenced the T. rangeli genome to provide new tools for elucidating the distinct and intriguing biology of this species and the key pathways related to interaction with its arthropod and mammalian hosts.  Methodology/Principal Findings: The T. rangeli haploid genome is ,24 Mb in length, and is the smallest and least repetitive trypanosomatid genome sequenced thus far. This parasite genome has shorter subtelomeric sequences compared to those of T. cruzi and T. brucei; displays intraspecific karyotype variability and lacks minichromosomes. Of the predicted 7,613 protein coding sequences, functional annotations could be determined for 2,415, while 5,043 are hypothetical proteins, some with evidence of protein expression. 7,101 genes (93%) are shared with other trypanosomatids that infect humans. An ortholog of the dcl2 gene involved in the T. brucei RNAi pathway was found in T. rangeli, but the RNAi machinery is non-functional since the other genes in this pathway are pseudogenized. T. rangeli is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, a phenotype that may be explained by a smaller number of anti-oxidant defense enzymes and heatshock proteins.  Conclusions/Significance: Phylogenetic comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial genes indicates that T. rangeli and T. cruzi are equidistant from T. brucei. In addition to revealing new aspects of trypanosome co-evolution within the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, comparative genomic analysis with pathogenic trypanosomatids provides valuable new information that can be further explored with the aim of developing better diagnostic tools and/or therapeutic targets

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset