A LINGUAGEM COMO METÁFORA EM GRAMSCI E A RELAÇÃO COM BRÉAL: UMA ABORDAGEM A PARTIR DA HISTÓRIA DAS IDEIAS LINGUÍSTICAS

O presente trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa em andamento e que está em sua fase inicial. Assim, procuramos trazer o debate de um elemento não explorado no Brasil a partir do pensamento de Antonio Gramsci, a saber: a relação entre a linguagem e a metáfora presente em Cadernos do Cárcere. Para isso, abordamos a questão da linguagem como uma concepção de mundo, segundo o autor italiano, levando em conta as condições sócio-históricas de produção de suas formulações

AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA SUPERFICIAL DA MICROBACIA DO CÓRREGO FUNDO - CATALÃO (GO).

As intervenções de natureza humana em uma bacia hidrográfica podem interferir na qualidade das águas e restringir seus usos. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da água do Córrego Fundo, localizada no Município de Catalão, na região Sudeste do Estado de Goiás, analisando potenciais ecológicos e de ação antrópica. As amostras de água e de solos foram coletadas durante onze meses, e as análises químicas foram realizadas. Os resultados das amostras de água foram comparados com os valores recomendados pela legislação (CONAMA 357/2005) para verificar a qualidade da água. O objetivo de analisar o solo foi identificar quais elementos estão presentes nessas amostras que podem interferir na qualidade da água. Na região de estudo, foi observado que o uso da terra é predominantemente para pastagens, além de pequenos plantios de milho, arroz e feijão. Destaca-se também o plantio de eucaliptos e atividade de mineração. Algumas amostras de água apresentaram desconformidade com a Legislação para os compostos inorgânicos, sendo alumínio (Al), ferro (Fe), fósforo (P), manganês (Mn) e nitrogênio (N) (Córrego Mata Preta); Al, Pb, Fe, P, Mn e N (Córrego Vargem Grande e Macaúba); Al, Pb, Fe, bário (Ba), P, Mn N (Córrego Garimpo jusante) e Al, Pb, P e N (Córrego Fundo). O ferro foi encontrado em quase todas as amostras analisadas (água e solo). A presença de elementos como Ba, N, Mn P encontrados nos valores maiores que permitidos pela Legislação deve-se a geologia e a intensa adubação do solo na região. Palavras-chave: qualidade de água; Resolução CONAMA; Microbacia do Córrego Fundo ABSTRACT Evaluation of surface water quality of “Córrego Fundo” Watershed – Catalão (GO). The interventions of human nature in a watershed can affect water quality and restrict their use. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the water quality of the Córrego Fundo, located in the city of Catalão, in the southeastern region of the State of Goiás, analyzing the environmental and anthropogenic potentials. Samples of water and soil were collected for eleven months and the chemical analyses were performed. The results of water samples were compared with the values recommended by the legislation (CONAMA 357/2005) to verify the quality of water. The purpose of analyzing the soil is to identify which elements are present in these samples that can interfere with water quality. The region examined was observed that the use of land was predominantly for pasture also low growing of corn, rice and beans. In this region there is also the planting of eucalyptus and mining activity. Some water samples showed disagreement with the legislation for inorganic compounds such as aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn) and nitrogen (N) (Córrego Mata Preta), Al, Fe, P and Mn (Córrego Vargem Grande and Macaúba), Fe, barium (Ba), P, Mn and N (Córrego Garimpo downstream) and Al, Fe, P and N (Córrego Fundo). The iron was found in almost all samples analyzed (water and soil). The presence of elements such as Ba, N, Mn, P found in levels higher than allowed by law is due to geology activities and intensive fertilization of the soil in the region. Key words: water quality, Resolution CONAMA, Córrego Fundo

O MÉTODO CLÍNICO PIAGETIANO E SUA APLICAÇÃO EM PESQUISAS SOBRE DESENVOLVIMENTO MORAL: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

O estudo apresenta pesquisas sobre desenvolvimento moral amparadas no método clínico piagetiano. Tal método foi considerado pioneiro ao propor nova formatação para a investigação do desenvolvimento infantil. Os procedimentos também foram aplicados por Piaget em suas pesquisas sobre o desenvolvimento moral, mostrando-se eficazes. Desde então, vários estudos foram realizados utilizando o modelo. Assim, neste artigo, realizamos revisão de literatura objetivando verificar o emprego do método em pesquisas sobre moral nos últimos cinco anos. Concluímos que os estudos do epistemólogo (método e orientação do juízo moral) subsidiam número significativo de estudos, demonstrando a sua importância e atualidade

Cancro de Rollet na gestação / Rollet Chancre in pregnancy

As úlceras genitais estão frequentemente associadas a infeções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs) e com seu aumento da incidência na última década, torna-se necessário o conhecimento das principais doenças que cursam com úlcera genital. As infecções mais comuns e que serão abordadas neste artigo é a sífilis, o cancro mole e a infecção conjunta de ambos, denominada cancro misto de Rollet. Diante disso, será discutida a importância do aprimoramento contínuo dos profissionais de saúde, como forma de realização do diagnóstico precoce e da instituição de terapêutica adequada para minimizar os riscos dessas infecções para a mãe, feto e parceria sexual

RESOLUÇÃO DE CONFLITOS: CONCEPÇÕES E PRÁTICAS DE PROFESSORES DOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL

Pesquisas que abordam o tema conflitos na escola têm sido cada vez mais comuns, pois é um assunto que desperta muitas dúvidas. Há educadores que não sabem como lidar com os conflitos e muitos acreditam que resolver as desavenças não faz parte da sua função, demonstrando desconhecer a prática da mediação baseada na reciprocidade como real possibilidade de intervenção. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetivou identificar as estratégias de intervenção e os tipos de sanções utilizadas na resolução de conflitos por professores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental de duas escolas que trabalham com metodologias pedagógicas distintas. Buscou-se também verificar se a conduta dos educadores nessa prática corrobora com o desenvolvimento da heteronomia ou autonomia moral dos alunos, tendo como base a teoria da moralidade de Jean Piaget. Como método utilizou-se de observação e entrevista estruturada. Responderam a entrevista um total de dez professores de ambas escolas. Os resultados encontrados indicam que os docentes se deparam constantemente com conflitos em seu trabalho, mas nem sempre lidam com eles de forma à desenvolver autonomia moral de seus alunos, prevalecendo a autoridade e a imposição de soluções rápidas para o ocorrido, muitas vezes tomando os conflitos para si, atitudes que tendem a reforçar a heteronomia. Dessa forma, concluímos que a maneira como os professores lidam com os conflitos, de forma recíproca com predomínio das relações de respeito mútuo ou de forma coercitiva com predomínio de sanções expiatórias e o ambiente sociomoral promovido pela escola, interferem significativamente na construção da moral infantil

Problemas de saúde de crianças de uma escola em Cabo Frio – RJ: uma contribuição para a promoção em saúde

The outlined aim was to raise the health problems of schoolchildren at a municipal early childhood school located in the city of Cabo Frio - RJ. It is a descriptive, exploratory field research, with a quantitative approach. The scenario was a municipal school for early childhood education, located in the municipality of Cabo Frio, in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The information collected was organized in a database created in the Microsoft Excel® program, and a descriptive statistical analysis was subsequently carried out, the results of which were discussed based on theoretical bases relevant to the theme. The study had 34 participants. The health problems most observed among students by teachers and assistants refer to dermatological, respiratory, behavioral disorders and related to poor hygiene practices. It is worth noting that professionals who work with children in a school environment need to be adequately trained to face the difficulties that may arise during the illness process, as well as with special children, thus allowing the objective of their work to be achieved.O objetivo traçado foi levantar os problemas de saúde de escolares de uma escola municipal de educação infantil localizada no município de Cabo Frio – RJ. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, descritiva, exploratória, com abordagem quantitativa. O cenário foi uma escola municipal de educação infantil, localizada no município de Cabo Frio, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. As informações coletadas foram organizadas em um banco de dados criado no programa Microsoft Excel®, sendo realizada posteriormente uma análise estatística descritiva, cujos resultados foram discutidos a partir de bases teóricas pertinentes à temática. O estudo contou com 34 participantes. Os problemas de saúde mais comumente observados entre os alunos pelos professores e auxiliares se referem aos distúrbios dermatológicos, respiratórios, de ordem comportamental e relacionados a práticas precárias de higiene. É oportuno frisar que os profissionais que atuam com crianças em ambiente escolar precisam ser adequadamente treinados para enfrentar as dificuldades que podem surgir durante o processo de adoecimento, bem como com crianças especiais, permitindo, assim, que o objetivo de seu trabalho seja alcançado

Occurrence of Gasterophilus spp. in Weanling Foals in Southern Brazil

Background: The occurrence of gastrointestinal myiasis caused by Gasterophilus spp. larvae (Diptera: Oestridae) in adult horses has been widely characterized, however data on natural infestation in young foals have been lacking. This observation may be related to the absence of conclusive diagnosis in these individuals, most likely due to logistical or financial constraints. Gastric ulceration is a problem and a significant cause of morbidity in foals, particularly during the weaning stage; therefore, gasterophilosis should be included in the differential diagnosis. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of gasterophilosis in 4- to 6-month-old weanling foals.Material, Methods & Results: Seventy-one healthy weanling foals were enrolled in the study. Physical assessment blood sampling and was completed in all foals before the commencement of the experiment. Gastroscopy examinations were performed under sedation (Detomidine 0.01 - 0.02 mg/kg) with a flexible endoscope inserted through nasogastric via. The lumen of the stomach was examined in order to search for botflies’ larvae. Following gastroscopy, foals were classified into 2 groups based on the presence of Gasterophilus spp. larvae in their stomachs: 1) Infected and 2) Not Infected. Infected foals received a single dose of commercial trichlorfon and albendazole equine oral gel and were stalled for 24 h. The passed feces were thoroughly examined, searching for elimination of larvae. A Total of 64% of the foals (n=45/71) harbored Gasterophilus spp. larvae in the stomach. Mild hyperemia in the gastric mucosa was observed in the attachment sites of the parasites. Physical assessment and hematological parameters’ data were analyzed with Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Comparison between groups for clinical signs, hematological parameters and Gasterophilus spp. infection rates were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test or Student's t-test. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. There were no statistically significant variations in physical and hematological parameters between foals that were affected and those that were not infected. The larvae found in the feces were subjected to morphological examination, which confirmed the diagnosis of Gasterophilus intestinalis.Discussion: No systemic clinical indications compatible with Gasterophilus infestation were seen, as described in previous studies of horses infected with the parasite. No botfly eggs were observed in the hair of evaluated foals. During gastroscopy, mild hyperemic lesions in the gastric mucosa were observed in the larvae fixation sites. Although no changes in clinical or hematological parameters were noted, the confirmation of parasite presence is a cause for concern due to horses' tolerance for low infestation levels and poor diagnosis. Additionally, the presence of this myiasis in foals may be a significant stressor during the weaning period and should be included in the differential diagnosis of recurring abdominal pain. Furthermore, infected foals might be a reservoir for the parasite and, contribute to the elimination and spread of the larvae in the environment. Thus, inclusion of young horses in deworming protocols targeted to botfly larvae is needed. This is the first report of Gasterophilus intestinalis myiasis in foals in Brazil. Further research is necessary to fully understand the epidemiology and prevalence of this condition in young horses in Brazil, based on the findings of this study. Keywords: Gasterophilus intestinalis, cavity myiasis, gastroscopy, Oestridae

Association between Apical Periodontitis and Chronic Diseases: An Umbrella Review

Introduction: To assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews (SRs) that evaluated the association between apical periodontitis (AP) and chronic diseases. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was performed in the databases PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and Open Grey. SRs that evaluated the association between any chronic disease and AP, and that had performed a valid risk of bias assessment were included. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used for quality assessment and each included systematic review received a final categorization as having “high”, “moderate”, “low”, or “critically low” quality. Results: Nine studies that met the eligibility criteria were included. The diseases investigated were cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, HIV, osteoporosis, chronic liver disease, blood disorders and autoimmune diseases. The systematic reviews included in this umbrella review showed a ‘low’ to ‘high’ quality of evidence. Conclusion: There are substantial heterogeneity and several methodological concerns in the included studies. It was observed a positive association between diabetes mellitus and apical periodontitis with limited evidence, no association between HIV and apical periodontitis and a positive association between apical periodontitis and cardiovascular disease, blood disorders, chronic liver disease, osteoporosis and autoimmune diseases with moderate evidence

Effect of mash maceration and ripening stage of apples on phenolic compounds and antioxidant power of cloudy juices: A study using chemometrics

AbstractThe effects of different enzymatic preparations on total phenolic content, phenolic profile (HPLC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of cloudy juices from Lis Gala and Fuji Suprema apples varieties, at three ripening stages (unripe, ripe and senescent) were investigated using Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. The commercial preparations enzymatic (Ultrazym® AFPL; Pectinex® Ultra Clear; Pectinex® SMASH XXL; Panzym® YieldMASH) increased the total phenolic compounds and ferric reducing capacity of the cloudy juice from unripe and ripe Lis Gala (respectively by 67 and 49% for unripe apples, and 28 and 33% for ripe apples) and unripe Fuji Suprema apples (23 and 55%), while for the ripe Fuji Suprema apples only Pectinex® Ultra Clear and Panzym® YieldMASH had this effect. No significant (p > 0.05) was observed on senescent stage, whatever the enzymatic preparation. Enzymatic preparations could increase phenolic compounds concentration and antioxidant capacity of cloudy apple juice, but this effect depended on the maturity of the apples

Acute erythroid leukemia: autopsy report of a rare disease

Acute erythroid leukemia (AEL) is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia(AML), characterized by predominant erythroid proliferation. The 2008 WorldHealth Organization (WHO) classification of AML defined two AEL subtypes:erythroleukaemia (EL), in which erythroid precursors account for 50% or moreof all nucleated bone marrow cells and myeloblasts account for 20% or more ofthe nonerythroid cell population; and pure erythroid leukemia (PEL), in whicherythroid precursors account for 80% or more of all nucleated bone marrowcells. We report the case of an elderly female patient with wasting syndromeand pancytopenia without evidence of blasts in peripheral blood. A diagnosisof PEL was established on the basis of bone marrow biopsy findings. Thepatient died on postadmission day 20, and an autopsy was performed. Wereclassified the disease as EL on the basis of the autopsy findings, whichincluded myeloblasts accounting for more than 20% of the nonerythroid cellsin the bone marrow, as well as leukemic infiltration and myeloid metaplasia insolid organs, such as the liver, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands, and abdominallymph nodes. A rare disease, AEL accounts for less than 5% of all AMLs and ispractically a diagnosis of exclusion. Autopsy reports of AEL are extremely rarein the literature. We demonstrate that in the case reported here, leukemia cellstended to infiltrate solid organs with myeloid metaplasia. Our findings alsoshow that a larger neoplastic bone marrow sample is crucial to the correctdiagnosis of EL, which is based on morphological and quantitative criteria