Nanocrystalline cathodes for PC-SOFCs

Ceramic proton conductors are of great interest for the development of solid oxide fuel cells (PC-SOFC) operating at relatively low temperatures between 400 and 700 ºC. Perovskites based on BaCeO3-δ exhibit the highest proton conductivity among this class of materials, however, they are susceptible to hydra-tion and carbonation in presence of water vapor and CO2 [1]. In contrast, the chemical stability of BaZrO3-based protonic conductors is better, but they require sintering temperatures as high as 1700 ºC and usually suffer from high intrinsic grain boundary resistance, limiting the final performance. Partial substitution of Zr for Ce in Ba(Ce0.9-xZrx)Y0.2O3-δ allows obtaining electrolytes with both high proton conductivity and good chemical stability. The performance of a PC-SOFC at low tempe-ratures depends significantly on the ohmic resis-tance of the electrolyte, although it can be lowered by reducing the electrolyte thickness. Another im-portant limiting factor is the increase of the cathode polarization resistance due to the thermally activated nature of the oxygen reduction reaction. For this reason, it is essential to obtain high efficiency cathodes operating at reduced temperatures. In this work, BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.2O3-δ (BCZY) powders were prepared by freeze-drying precursor method. These powders were mixed with a Zn-containing solution as sintering additive in order to obtain dense pellets with submicrometric grain size at only 1200 ºC. After that, La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3 nanocrystalline electrodes were deposited symmet-rically onto dense pellets BCZY by conventional spray-pyrolysis [3]. The structure, microstructure and electrochemical properties of these electrodes have been examined by XRD, FE-SEM and im-pedance spectroscopy. The stability of these elec-trodes at intermediate temperatures was evaluated as a function of time. These nanocrystalline cathodes exhibit a sub-stantial improvement of the electrode polarization resistance with respect to the same materials pre-pared by screen-printing method at high sintering temperatures, e.g. 0.7 and 3.2 cm2 at 600ºC for LSCF cathodes prepared by spray-pyrolysis and screen-printing method respectively (Fig. 1). An anode supported cell with composition LSCF/BCZY/NiO-BCZY was also prepared to test the electrochemical performance.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Factors affecting quits and layoffs in Spain

During the last decade, unemployment rates in the European Union have been higher than in other regions, e.g., the United States, and these are even higher in Spain. It has been argued that the different degrees of labour mobility between the European and the American labour markets can account for the differences in the pattern observed. This paper follows the McLaughlin's model (1991) and provides empirical evidence regarding the factors determining quits and layoffs due to contract termination and non-renewal in Spain, following the efficient-turnover theory and wage flexibility. The data was obtained from the Spanish Household Panel Survey (PHOGUE) conducted by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE 1995). Our evidence, on the one hand, indicates that workers' characteristics influence on the probability of changing job. On the other hand, the influency of the factors affecting labour mobility is different depending on whether job separation was triggered by quits or layoffs.quit, layoff, wage revision and bivariate probit.

Ciudad fílmica. Análisis del espacio urbano a través del cine

El cine a lo largo de la historia ha servido como medio de experimentación en la arquitectura y en el desarrollo de la ciudad. A través de las visiones cinematográficas es posible analizar y estudiar los distintos espacios de la ciudad. Para ello se han escogido tres distinguidas películas: Ladrón de Bicicletas de Vittorio de Sica, 1948, El cielo sobre Berlín de Wim Wenders, 1987 y Lost in Translation, de Sofia Coppola, 2003. Su distanciamiento en el tiempo y sus contextos nos permiten conocer las realidades de tres singulares ciudades: Roma, Berlín y Tokio. El estudio se centra en los espacios de la ciudad; en cómo el tiempo ha influido en ellos manteniendo vivo el recuerdo de la historia, y cómo han evolucionado con los años produciendo sus lugares y sus no lugares. Para ello es importante analizar los distintos mecanismos de percepción y movimiento en el espacio; la forma en que las personas se desplazan por la ciudad y habitan sus calles y edificios. Y con estas herramientas asentar las bases para las posibles propuestas de intervención en las ciudades contemporáneas y el diseño urbanístico del futuroGrado en Fundamentos de la Arquitectur

Interacción entre inmunodeficiencia y enfermedad autoinmune

En la literatura actual, existen evidencias de que las enfermedades autoinmunes sistémicas y las inmunodeficiencias no son enfermedades separadas, sino que son entidades enlazadas. Hoy en día, ambos procesos se explican por una disfunción en el sistema inmunológico, de tal manera que cualquier defecto en dicho sistema puede manifestarse como distintos fenómenos de disregulación inmunitaria. Es por eso, por lo que pese a que, en la mayor parte de los casos, las inmunodeficiencias son enfermedades monogénicas y las enfermedades autoinmunes tienen un carácter poligénico, ciertos estudios del genoma humano GWAS han demostrado que algunos polimorfismos (SNPs) previamente relacionados con grupos de inmunodeficiencia también están asociados al desarrollo de autoinmunidad, es decir, ambas afecciones comparten algunos defectos genéticos, aunque la etiología sigue siendo desconocida. Se trata de un estudio observacional prospectivo sobre una cohorte de 86 pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad autoinmune de la UEAS del HURH. Se han recogido datos sobre variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y analíticas, así como el tratamiento actual de los mismos. El objetivo del trabajo es la definición de una serie de fenotipos de inmunodeficiencia. En el estudio se ha constatado que existe correlación estadística entre la deficiencia de IgM y el tratamiento con azatioprina; así como entre el tratamiento con metotrexato y la reducción de niveles de linfocitos TsCD8+. Como conclusión,las enfermedades AI son más prevalentes en el sexo femenino, y se manifiestan sobre todo por síntomas cutáneos, articulares y constitucionales. Un 75% de los pacientes con enfermedad AI presenta rasgos de inmunodeficiencia, sin existir en gran parte de los casos correlación significativa con los tratamientos inmunosupresores, por lo que se piensa que la IDP es inherente a la propia disregulación autoinmunitaria causante a la vez de la autoinmunidad.Grado en Medicin

Propuesta de intervención en los prerrequisitos lectoescritores: diseño de una prueba de observación e intervención

La lectoescritura es la base del desarrollo y del aprendizaje. Es necesaria para aprender, para comunicarnos y para transmitir información. Hoy en día las dificultades de lectoescritura están muy presentes en los centros escolares, agravándose a medida que los alumnos ascienden de curso. La actuación temprana, por ello, es crucial para solventar estas dificultades. Tomando como base algunos prerrequisitos lectoescritores, se ha diseñado una Prueba de Observación y una intervención, que siguen la misma línea, con el fin de solventar las dificultades lectoescritoras. Se ha puesto en práctica con un alumno y se analizan y comentan los resultados obtenidos y ciertas propuestas de mejora.Literacy is the basis of development and learning. It is necessary to learn to communicate and to transmit information. Today, reading and writing difficulties are very prevalent in schools, and are more serious as students move up the grade. Early action is crucial to overcome these difficulties. Based on some prerequisites, an Observation Test and an intervention has been designed, following the same line, in order to solve the reading difficulties. It has been implemented with a student and the results obtained and certain proposals for improvement are analyzed and discussed.Grado en Educación Primari

Transporte y conservación del agua: El cántaro y el botijo

En número dedicado a: La cerámica del Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populare

Adenocarcinoma papilar quístico ovárico en una perra

Se describe un caso clínico de adenocarcinoma papilar quístico ovárico en una perra mestiza de 6 años de edad. Los síntomas más destacados son caquexia y distensión abdominal. Este cuadro comienza 3 meses antes de su presentación en la clínica, coincidiendo con el último celo. Estudiamos los posibles cuadros clínicos, el plan diagnóstico a seguir, las características celulares del líquido ascítico, la exploración cavitaria intraoperatoria y el tratamiento. A los 4 meses de la intervención le fue practicada la eutanasia.This article describes the clinical characteristics of an ovarian cystic papillary adenocarcinorna in a 6 years old croshed female dog. The most significant symptoms present are cachexia and abdominal distencion. These signs began 3 months before the dog was brought to the clinic, concurring with its last heat. All posible clinical pictures are presented, as well as the diagnostic folloto-up, the cellular characteristics of tbe ascitic fluid, the abdominal lapa rotomy and treatment. The dog was put to sleep 4 montbs after surgery

Standpoint Logic: A Logic for Handling Semantic Variability, with Applications to Forestry Information

It is widely accepted that most natural language expressions do not have precise universally agreed definitions that fix their meanings. Except in the case of certain technical terminology, humans use terms in a variety of ways that are adapted to different contexts and perspectives. Hence, even when conversation participants share the same vocabulary and agree on fundamental taxonomic relationships (such as subsumption and mutual exclusivity), their view on the specific meaning of terms may differ significantly. Moreover, even individuals themselves may not hold permanent points of view, but rather adopt different semantics depending on the particular features of the situation and what they wish to communicate. In this thesis, we analyse logical and representational aspects of the semantic variability of natural language terms. In particular, we aim to provide a formal language adequate for reasoning in settings where different agents may adopt particular standpoints or perspectives, thereby narrowing the semantic variability of the vague language predicates in different ways. For that purpose, we present standpoint logic, a framework for interpreting languages in the presence of semantic variability. We build on supervaluationist accounts of vagueness, which explain linguistic indeterminacy in terms of a collection of possible interpretations of the terms of the language (precisifications). This is extended by adding the notion of standpoint, which intuitively corresponds to a particular point of view on how to interpret vague terminology, and may be taken by a person or institution in a relevant context. A standpoint is modelled by sets of precisifications compatible with that point of view and does not need to be fully precise. In this way, standpoint logic allows one to articulate finely grained and structured stipulations of the varieties of interpretation that can be given to a vague concept or a set of related concepts and also provides means to express relationships between different systems of interpretation. After the specification of precisifications and standpoints and the consideration of the relevant notions of truth and validity, a multi-modal logic language for describing standpoints is presented. The language includes a modal operator for each standpoint, such that \standb{s}\phi means that a proposition $\phi$ is unequivocally true according to the standpoint $s$ --- i.e.\ $\phi$ is true at all precisifications compatible with $s$. We provide the logic with a Kripke semantics and examine the characteristics of its intended models. Furthermore, we prove the soundness, completeness and decidability of standpoint logic with an underlying propositional language, and show that the satisfiability problem is NP-complete. We subsequently illustrate how this language can be used to represent logical properties and connections between alternative partial models of a domain and different accounts of the semantics of terms. As proof of concept, we explore the application of our formal framework to the domain of forestry, and in particular, we focus on the semantic variability of `forest'. In this scenario, the problematic arising of the assignation of different meanings has been repeatedly reported in the literature, and it is especially relevant in the context of the unprecedented scale of publicly available geographic data, where information and databases, even when ostensibly linked to ontologies, may present substantial semantic variation, which obstructs interoperability and confounds knowledge exchange

Estructura y dinámica de los cromosomas: papel en la plasticidad genómica y patogénica de Fusarium oxysporum

Fungal pathogens have developed a wide range of mechanisms allowing rapid adaptation to different environments. The vascular wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol4287) infects the roots of tomato plants by activating a series of mechanisms that are induced in the presence of nitrate, the most abundant form of inorganic nitrogen in soils. Here we characterized knockout mutants in nitrate assimilation genes and found that Nit1 as accounts for the major nitrate reductase activity, while Nit2 and Nit3 only have minor contributions. During growth on different nitrogen sources, we observed the formation of colony sectors which appeared to be the result of genomic instability. Following these findings, a study was initiated to understand the physical structure and dynamics of chromosomes in Fol4287 . Previous studies had revealed that the genome of this isolate is compartmentalized into core regions and accessory regions, which are highly dynamic and have been associated with host adaptation. We found that the subtelomeric regions of Fol4287 are highly conserved and contain two genes of unknown function, FOXG_15616 and FOXG_15617 genes as well as a copia - type retrotransposon, similar to those reported previously in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae . Since previous whole-genome sequencing of serially passaged strains had detected recurrent copy number variations (CNVs) in certain accessory chromosomal regions, we performed k aryotype analysis by CHEF and Southern blot to monitor chromosomal dynamics and molecularly characterize CNVs. This revealed the presence of previously unrecognized duplicated regions that are shared between accessory chromosomes in Fol4287 . Different methodologies were set up for measuring the frequency of chromosome loss in Fol4287 , both in the wild type strain and in mutants affected in DNA repair or chromatin structure. Our results indicate that the spontaneous mitotic loss frequency of an accessory mini chromosome in Fol4287 can be as high as 1%, and that the stability of such accessory regions may be promoted by H3k9me3 histone methylation.Los patógenos fúngicos han desarrollado una amplia gama de mecanismos que les permiten una rápida adaptación a diferentes ambientes. El patógeno Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol4287) causante del marchitamiento vascular infecta las raíces de las plantas de tomate activando una serie de mecanismos que se inducen en presencia de nitrato, la forma de nitrógeno inorgánico más abundante en los suelos. Aquí caracterizamos los mutantes knockout en los genes de asimilación de nitrato y descubrimos que Nit 1 representa la principal actividad de la nitrato reductasa, mientras que Nit2 y Nit3 solo tienen contribuciones menores. Durante el crecimiento en diferentes fuentes de nitrógeno, observamos la formación de sectores de colonias que parecían ser el resultado de inestabilidad genómica. Tras estos hallazgos, se inició un estudio para comprender la estructura física y la dinámica de los cromosomas en Fol4287. Estudios previos habían revelado que el genoma de este aislado está compartimentado en regiones centra les y regiones accesorias, que son altamente dinámicas y se han asociado con la adaptación al huésped. Encontramos que las regiones subteloméricas de Fol4287 están altamente conservadas y contienen dos genes de función desconocida, los genes FOXG_15616 y F OXG_15617 , así como un retrotransposón de tipo -copia , similar a los informados previamente en el hongo del añublo del arroz Magnaporthe oryzae . Dado que la secuenciación anterior del genoma completo de cepas sometidas a pasajes en serie había detectado variaciones recurrentes en el número de copias (CNVs) en ciertas regiones cromosómicas accesorias, realizamos análisis de cariotipo por CHEF y Southern blot para monitorear la dinámica cromosómica y caracterizar molecularmente las CNVs. Esto reveló la presencia de regiones duplicadas previamente no reconocidas que se comparten entre los cromosomas accesorios en Fol4287 . Se establecieron diferentes metodologías para medir la frecuencia de pérdida cromosómica en Fol4287, tanto en la cepa de tipo silvestre como en mutantes afectados en la reparación del ADN o en la estructura de la cromatina. Nuestros resultados indican que la frecuencia de pérdida mitótica espontánea de un mini-cromosoma accesorio en Fol4287 puede llegar al 1%, y que la estabilidad de tales regiones accesorias puede ser promovida por la metilación de la histona H3k9me3

The Translation of Humour: Dubbing and Subtitling from English into Spanish in Modern Family

[Abstract] This end-of-degree project analyses a collection of episodes ofthe American sitcomModern Familyfocusing on the translation of humourfrom English to Spanish. The main purpose of this paper is to compile and classify the most relevant humorous instances, specificallylinguistic elements, paralinguistic elements, visual elements and cultural elements,as well as thepreferredsubtitling and dubbing strategies throughout the data collectedand analysed. Due to thelargenumberof examples, this work concentrates on the most significant ones while the rest have been listedin the Appendix, where they are classifiedby the already mentioned humorous elements as well as by a fifth category called compound jokes. The methodology used ischieflydivided into three procedures. Firstly, all the selectedjokes areclassified by humorous elements. Secondly, the subbed versionis analysedfollowing a taxonomy so as to decide what type of strategy the translator used when renderingthe source text. Finally, the dubbed versionis examined following an already existingproposalin order to determine howverbal humour on screenis translated.Throughout the analysis and classification of the humorous instances, this study concludes thatrendering quality in this particularseries is quite high both in the subbed and dubbed versionsdespite the huge presence of idiomatic expressions, wordplay, rhymes,and cultural references. Additionally, it is confirmedthat visual humorous elements are the most challenging jokes. Also, there is not a significant evolution of humour between years, but an evolution in the character’s lifestyle.Furthermore, the main three theories (incongruity, hostility, and release) that would constitute the essence of humour are present in the sitcom as expected. All in all, the present study contributes toshow that translators need an enormous capacity for creativity and a great command of both languages in order to provide an accurate translation. Lastly, this papercould undoubtedlyinstigate the interest in conducting further investigationon the subject.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.FIL). Inglés: estudios lingüísticos y literarios. Curso 2020/202