Instabilidade Multidirecional do Complexo Articular do Ombro: Estudo de Caso

Introdução: A articulação do ombro é a maior e mais complexa do corpo humano, possui características como cavidade glenóide rasa e pouca coaptação com a cabeça do úmero, o que a possibilita alcançar amplitudes que nenhuma outra articulação é capaz de alcançar, uma amplitude de movimento de 180º na flexão e abdução. Essa grande amplitude gera uma alta instabilidade na articulação do ombro tornando propenso a subluxação e luxação. O fisioterapeuta deverá realizar uma correta avaliação e interpretação dos sintomas e das alterações posturais e biomecânicas do paciente com instabilidade multidirecional do ombro. Objetivo: Realização de uma breve revisão atualizada desta temática, visando a sua avaliação e reabilitação, bem como a aplicação prática dos métodos de avaliação e tratamento num caso concreto, à luz destes conceitos. Métodos: Após a avaliação inicial, foi estabelecido um plano de tratamento com a duração de quatro semanas. A intervenção visou a diminuição da dor, normalização das alterações articulares, reforço da musculatura enfraquecida, promoção da estabilidade do complexo articular do ombro. Como instrumentos de avaliação foram utilizados a END (escala numérica de dor), goniometria, teste muscular, diversos testes adicionais de avaliação. Resultados: Ao final de quatro semanas de tratamento, houve uma melhoria significativa nos ganhos de amplitude articular, força muscular e correto posicionamento da articulação. A dor e instabilidade articular foram controladas, até que deixaram de existir. Conclusão: Uma das patologias mais frequentes em traumatologia é a instabilidade do complexo articular do ombro. Essa instabilidade é explicada pela função integral anormal dos estabilizadores estáticos e dinâmicos. Com um programa de fisioterapia adequado, englobando exercícios de correção postural, mobilização com movimento, reforço muscular, e exercícios de reeducação propriocetiva, a recuperação é possível e eficaz em casos de lesão no ombro por instabilidade multidirecional

Web 2.0 e padrões na aprendizagem da matemática: um estudo de caso no 8º ano de escolaridade

Nesta apresentação, colocaremos em destaque parte de uma investigação já concluída, inscrita num paradigma qualitativo, de estudo de caso, descritivo, analítico e interpretativo, que perseguia como principal objectivo avaliar o contributo da utilização de recursos da Web 2.0 (applets e plataforma de gestão da aprendizagem) na abordagem do domínio temático da Álgebra, mais concretamente, no estudo das funções, centrada nos padrões e regularidades, ao nível do desenvolvimento de: competências tecnológicas; apetências, conhecimentos e capacidades matemáticas, específicas e transversais, em particular de trabalho colaborativo. Decorreu em ambiente académico normal, num registo misto - presencial e a distância -, com alunos de uma turma do 8º ano de escolaridade. A análise a que foram submetidos os dados, recolhidos através de técnicas e instrumentos de recolha de informação variados, permitiu concluir que os recursos utilizados como apoio à abordagem didáctica implementada tiveram repercussões positivas ao nível do desenvolvimento de competências tecnológicas e matemáticas relacionadas com os tópicos referidos

The effect of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on motor learning in Parkinson’s disease

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus is an effective and adjustable treatment for Parkinson’s disease patients with (early) motor complications and has been shown to elicit changes in motor and non-motor cortico-basal ganglia circuits through modulation of distributed neural networks. Recent findings on subcortical basal ganglia - cerebellar anatomy have revealed projections from the subthalamic nucleus to cerebellar hemispheres, which might be modulated by subthalamic DBS. Both the basal ganglia and the cerebellum are known to be involved in motor learning and Parkinson’s disease. This study aimed at investigating the effect of subthalamic DBS on motor learning in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and characterizing underlying neural networks. To this end, 20 Parkinson’s disease patients undergoing subthalamic DBS and 20 age-matched healthy controls performed a visuomotor task. Motor learning was assessed as reduction in movement times from beginning to end of task for each group. DBS electrodes were localized and projected to a publicly available normative connectome (1000 healthy subjects) and a connectivity map for DBS induced improvement in motor learning was calculated. Region of interest analysis was performed to assess the role of connectivity to motor cortex (M1) and cerebellar hemispheres in DBS induced learning. Permutation tests and multiple regressions were conducted for the main statistical analyses; for significant regression models and correlations leave one out cross validation (LOOCV) was performed. Motor learning was impaired in Parkinson’s disease patients off DBS comparing with healthy controls (PD off DBS: 12.2±5.4% from 1311±160ms to 1089±118ms; mean ± standard error of mean; healthy controls: 33.48±3.6% from 729±63ms to 473±42ms; off DBS vs. healthy controls P=0.002). STN-DBS led to a statistically significant improvement in motor learning (PD on DBS: 27.7±6.1% from 940±120ms to 615±84ms; on vs. off DBS P=0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between patients on DBS and healthy controls (P=0.4). DBS induced improvement in motor learning was not correlated with improvement in motor deficits (R=-0.02, P=0.5). A specific connectivity profile including the right cerebellar hemisphere was associated with improved motor learning through DBS (R²=0.33, P=0.01; LOOCV: R=0.43, P=0.028). Region of interest analysis revealed the ipsilateral cerebellum to be the best predictor of DBS induced motor learning (R2=0.34, P=0.008; LOOCV: R=0.045, P=0.02). Here, connectivity to the STN was higher than to M1, suggesting a putative role of the recently discovered basal ganglia - cerebellar circuit bypassing the cortex. This study extends current knowledge on motor learning in Parkinson’s disease and highlights the notion of network modulation in DBS.Die Tiefe Hirnstimulation (THS) des Nucleus subthalamicus ist eine effektive Therapiealternative für Patienten mit idiopathischem Parkinson Syndrom (IPS) und (frühen) motorischen Komplikationen, welche zu verschiedenen motorischen und nicht-motorischen Effekten in der Kortex-Basalganglienschleife führt. Es ist lange bekannt, dass die Basalganglien und das Kleinhirn sowohl beim IPS als auch beim motorischen Lernen eine Rolle spielen. Neue anatomische Studien zeigten eine disynaptische subkortikale Verbindung zwischen den Nucleus subthalamicus und den Kleinhirnhemisphären mit bisher unklarer funktioneller Bedeutung. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Effekt subthalamischer THS auf motorisches Lernen beim idiopathischen Parkinson Syndrom mit dem Ziel, zugrundeliegende neuronale Netzwerke zu charakterisieren. Hierfür führten 20 Patienten mit IPS unter THS und 20 altersgepaarte gesunde Probanden eine visuomotorische Reaktionszeitaufgabe durch. Motorisches Lernen wurde als Verbesserung der Bewegungszeiten durch Wiederholung der Aufgabe definiert. THS Elektroden wurden lokalisiert und auf ein öffentlich verfügbares normatives funktionelles MRT Konnektom projiziert (1000 gesunde Probanden). Das optimale Konnektivitätsprofil für THS induziertes motorisches Lernen wurde berechnet. Zusätzlich wurde eine Konnektivitätsanalyse durchgeführt, um die Rolle der Verbindung von aktiven THS Kontakten zum motorischen Kortex und zu den Kleinhirnhemisphären für THS induziertes Lernen zu untersuchen. Die statistische Auswertung der Hauptergebnisse erfolgte durch Monte Carlo Permutation und multiple Regressionen; statistisch signifikante Regressionsmodelle und Korrelationen wurden mittels der „Leave one out“ Methode kreuzvalidiert. Patienten mit IPS und ausgeschalteter THS zeigten ein signifikant beeinträchtigtes motorisches Lernen im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontrollen (IPS mit THS OFF: 12.2±5.4%, von 1311±160ms auf 1089±118ms; gesunde Kontrollen: 33.48±3.6%, von 729±63ms auf 473±42ms; P=0.002). Die subthalamische THS führte zu einer statistisch signifikanten Verbesserung des motorischen Lernens in Patienten mit IPS (IPS mit THS ON: 27.7±6.1%, von 940±120ms auf 615±84ms; P=0.01). Es ergab sich kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen Patienten mit eingeschalteter THS und gesunden Kontrollen (P=0.4). THS induziertes motorisches Lernen korrelierte nicht mit Linderung motorischer Symptome (R=-0.02, P=0.5). Es konnte ein spezifisches fMRT Konnektivitätsprofil von den aktiven THS Kontakten definiert werden, welches prädiktiv für den Effekt der THS auf motorisches Lernen war (R²=0.33, P=0.01; LOOCV: R=0.43, P=0.028). Eine weiterführende Analyse ergab einen gesonderten Einfluss der rechten Kleinhirnhemisphäre als bester Prädiktor für THS induziertes motorisches Lernen (R2=0.34, P=0.008; LOOCV: R=0.045, P=0.02). In diesen Voxels war funktionelle Konnektivität zum Nucleus subthalamicus höher als zum motorischen Kortex, hinweisend auf eine relevante Rolle der beschriebenen direkten Verbindung vom Nucleus subthalamicus zu den Kleinhirnhemisphären. Diese Studie liefert neue Erkenntnisse über den Zusammenhang von motorischem Lernen und der Neuromodulation motorischer Netzwerke beim idiopathischen Parkinson Syndrom und erweitert das Konzept der Netzwerkmodulation als mechanistisches Modell zur Wirksamkeit der THS

Weathering the storm? : non-governmental organisations, innovation, and change in international development cooperation

Doutoramento em Estudos de Desenvolvimento.Dominant discourses and imaginaries in innovation research and policy are increasingly being questioned. The idea of ‘responsible’ innovation for sustainable development has gained ground in research and public policy, leaving less room for strictly economic and technological perspectives. At the same time, the international development cooperation system is changing. Its traditional actors, such as non-governmental organisations (development NGOs), are at a crossroads. ‘Innovation for development’ has evolved in the past two decades to become a key narrative for Western development actors. In ever more turbulent international and national contexts, in the 21st century the sector faces growing challenges to the legitimacy of one of its central pillars: international aid. Development NGOs find themselves at the centre of this debate. The main goal of this PhD research project was to gain a broader understanding of innovation culture, discourses, and practices in development NGOs, starting with the question: “How do development NGO platforms currently approach innovation in their work?”. In its empirical chapters, this thesis uses a combination of mixed methods and qualitative research methods to analyse data collected from a sample of geographically diverse development NGO platforms between 2000 and 2022. Findings show that innovation has multiple meanings in development cooperation, framed by specific imaginaries of development or visions of change. For development NGO platforms, innovation is a collective, collaborative, and people-centred process to achieve goals of social transformation. In their innovation trajectories, crises appear as the main reasons development NGO platforms innovate. Furthermore, this research shows how innovation processes and objectives can be political and have political implications. The findings suggest that innovation, if seen as a path towards a new vision of development and not equated to ‘technological solutions for development problems’, can be a powerful ally of development actors navigating change.Universidade de Lisboa: Programa de Bolsas de Doutoramento (BD2017)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Unspliced Precursors of NMD-Sensitive β-Globin Transcripts Exhibit Decreased Steady-State Levels in Erythroid Cells.

This work was partially supported by Fundac¸a˜o para a Cieˆncia e a Tecnologia [Programa de Financiamento Plurianual do Centro de Investigac¸a˜o em Gene´tica Molecular Humana (CIGMH) and Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics (BioFIG)]. AM, FA and ALS were supported by fellowships from Fundac¸a˜o para a Cieˆncia e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/31920/2006, PRAXIS XXI/BPD/18880/98 and SFRH/BD/8351/2002, respectively). No additional external funding was received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscrip.Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a quality control mechanism that detects and rapidly degrades mRNAs carrying premature translation-termination codons (PTCs). Mammalian NMD depends on both splicing and translation, and requires recognition of the premature stop codon by the cytoplasmic ribosomes. Surprisingly, some published data have suggested that nonsense codons may also affect the nuclear metabolism of the nonsense-mutated transcripts. To determine if nonsense codons could influence nuclear events, we have directly assessed the steady-state levels of the unspliced transcripts of wild-type and PTC-containing human β-globin genes stably transfected in mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells, after erythroid differentiation induction, or in HeLa cells. Our analyses by ribonuclease protection assays and reverse transcription-coupled quantitative PCR show that β-globin pre-mRNAs carrying NMD-competent PTCs, but not those containing a NMD-resistant PTC, exhibit a significant decrease in their steady-state levels relatively to the wild-type or to a missense-mutated β-globin pre-mRNA. On the contrary, in HeLa cells, human β-globin pre-mRNAs carrying NMD-competent PTCs accumulate at normal levels. Functional analyses of these pre-mRNAs in MEL cells demonstrate that their low steady-state levels do not reflect significantly lower pre-mRNA stabilities when compared to the normal control. Furthermore, our results also provide evidence that the relative splicing efficiencies of intron 1 and 2 are unaffected. This set of data highlights potential nuclear pathways that might be promoter- and/or cell line-specific, which recognize the NMD-sensitive transcripts as abnormal. These specialized nuclear pathway(s) may be superimposed on the general NMD mechanism.publishersversionpublishe

A prática de community manager e social media manager : casos em Portugal

Mestrado em Ciências EmpresariaisO Social Media Marketing (SMMkt) está a ser cada vez mais utilizado e o número de empresas a desenvolver a sua presença em social media está a crescer. Como consequência, aparecem novos perfis profissionais como o de Community Manager e de Social Media Manager. Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender o perfil profissional de Comunity Manager e Social Media Manager, a composição e estrutura das equipas de agência onde se inserem os Social Media Managers e Community Managers, e as barreiras e dificuldades percecionadas por estes profissionais na gestão de social media nas agências em Portugal. A abordagem metodológica foi exploratória e qualitativa com recurso a entrevistas semi-estruturadas para recolha de dados primários, complementada com a análise de anúncios de emprego enquanto dados secundários. Os resultados indicam que as agências revelam ter já umas noções das competências e perfis necessários para estes profissionais que gerem o Social Media Marketing. Apesar disso, existe ainda um trabalho a ser feito na divisão de funções e responsabilidades nas equipas de social media em Portugal. Compreendeu-se também que as principais barreiras e dificuldades com que estes profissionais se deparam nas agências são geradas pelo cliente e portanto torna-se essencial existir uma maior noção e preparação por parte destes para o mundo digital.Social Media Marketing (SMMkt) is being increasingly used and the number of companies developing their presence in social media is growing. As a consequence, new professional profiles such as Community Manager and Social Media Manager appear. The objective of this work was to understand the professional profile of Comunity Man-ager and Social Media Manager, the composition and structure of the agency teams that integrate Social Media Managers and Community Managers, and the barriers and difficulties perceived by these professionals in the management of social media in agencies in Portugal. The methodological approach was exploratory and qualitative using semi-structured interviews for primary data collection, complemented with the analysis of job advertisements as secondary data. The results indicate that the agencies reveal that they already have some notions of the skills and profiles required for these professionals who manage Social Media Marketing. Despite this, there is still work to be done in the division of roles and responsibilities in social media teams in Portugal. It was also understood that the main barriers and difficulties faced by these professionals in the agencies are generated by the client and therefore it is essential to have a greater understanding and preparation by the client for the digital world.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Considerações sobre a Conservação e Restauro nos Arquivos

Considerações sobre a Conservação e Restauro nos Arquivo

O trabalho em call center e o vínculo contratual

Procurou-se através deste estudo contribuir para aumentar o conhecimento acerca da atividade em Call Center. O trabalho em Call Center desenvolve-se maioritariamente por trabalhadores temporários, que prestam serviços a empresas utilizadoras de trabalho temporário. O recurso ao Call Center, pelas empresas utilizadoras de trabalho temporário, tem registado um aumento motivado, entre outros aspetos, pela possibilidade de redução de custos com recursos humanos. Esta investigação, de índole qualitativa, contou com a participação, através de entrevista, de seis trabalhadores de Call Center. Os dados indicaram que ao nível da integração e do acolhimento são privilegiadas estratégias que preparam o indivíduo para a tarefa, tornando-se transversal na atividade o recurso a tecnologia. A avaliação do desempenho destes trabalhadores é regular e frequente, contudo, inesperada. Os participantes evidenciaram que a opção pelo trabalho em Call Center advém da ausência de outras oportunidades profissionais. Contudo, avaliam determinadas dimensões do seu trabalho de um modo positivo, entre as quais: a possibilidade do trabalho em equipa e a oportunidade de aprendizagem constante.The purpose of this study is to gain a thorough insight into the labor activity in the Call Center. This market area is developing mainly thanks to the temporary workers. The core idea is to provide services to the companies using temporary work. Thanks to using the Call Center, the companies record an increase of motivation, which leads to the possibility of reducing human resources costs. This research, qualitative in nature, was developed through interviews to six Call Center workers. The data indicated that the level of integration and acceptance are chosen strategies that prepare the individual for the task of mastering the use of technology. The performance evaluation of the workers is regular and frequent, however, unexpected. Participants indicated that the choice of working in Call Center comes from the absence of other professional opportunities. Nevertheless, certain dimensions of their work are assessed in a positive way, such as the possibility of teamwork and the opportunity of constant learning