A collaborative approach to exploring the future of Cancer treatment and care in relation to Precision Medicine: A design perspective.

The Precision Medicine and the Future of Cancer project was jointly conceived by the Innovation School at Glasgow School of Art and the Institute of Cancer Sciences at the University of Glasgow. Graduating year Product Design students from the Innovation School were presented with a challenge-based project to produce a vision of the future based on current trends that relate to Precision Medicine(PM) and Cancer treatment. This project involved working closely with scientists, clinicians, patients, industry and academic professionals from Glasgow University, staff at Queen Elizabeth University Hospital and Clinical Innovation Zone, staff at Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Patient Representatives and external design experts from Studio AndThen and GOODD design consultancy. The objective of this project was to investigate, in both analytical and speculative ways, future forms and functions of cancer treatment and care in relation to Precision Medicine, to develop future scenarios and design artefacts, services, and the experiences associated with them. One of the most significant societal shifts currently taking place within the field of PM is the transformation around what it means to be a patient and a professional working within this context. The public’s role is developing beyond once-passive patients into stakeholders valued within the medical industry and healthcare sector for their participation in clinical trials, and contribution towards policy-making and decision-making committees. This new dynamic is changing the traditional patient-doctor relationship and challenging the hegemony of medical practice at an institutional level. The impetus for this shift is relentless technological acceleration and increased scientific research, in particular driven by advances in PM. This project asked students to consider what will happen in a cancer landscape ten years from now, where PM has evolved to the extent that new forms of medical practice, cancer treatment and care transform how we interact with each other, with professionals and the world around us. The brief gave students the opportunity to reflect on the underlying complexities regarding the future of health, technological acceleration, post-capitalism and human agency, to envision a future world context, develop it as an experiential exhibit, and produce the designed products, services and experiences for the people who might live and work within it. The project was divided into two sections: The first was a collaborative stage where groups of students were assigned a specific area of focus from Social, Technological, Economic, Ethical, Educational, Political, Legal, Ecological [STEEEPLE]. These groups focused on researching and exploring their specific lenses and gathering as much information and understanding while working with external experts to further their knowledge. This group stage culminated in an exhibition of the collaborative understanding of what the future could look like in 10 years from now, after exploring the possible consequences of current actions. The second stage saw students explore their individual response to the world that had been defined in the first stage. Each student had their own response to the research by iteratively creating a design outcome that was appropriate to the subject matter. This culminated in each student having created a design product/service/experience relating to the future scenario. A full report (Project Process Journal [PPJ]) is included within the repository of each student which breaks down their process of designing and the outcome they have designed. The project aims to tackle the emerging possibilities where medical professionals and design can collaborate, to create a future where forms of medical practice are more preventative and are more appropriate for an aging population now and into the future. The deposited materials are arranged as follows: Readme files - two readme files relate to stage one and stage two of the project as outlined above. Overview poster - gives a visual overview of the structure and timeline of the project. Data folders - the data folders for stage one of the project are named for the lens through which each group viewed possible futures. The data folders for stage two of the project are named for the individual students who conducted the work

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

TAITE : neliöstä taitettu vaate

Opinnäytetyössä TAITE tutkittiin, mitä mahdollisuuksia origami tuo vaatetusalalle ja onko mahdollista kehittää taitetusta vaatteesta taitekaava, koska sekä ekologisesta että tavallisen käyttäjän näkökulmasta nähtiin suurta kätkettyä potentiaalia. Tutkimusta lähestyttiin kokeilujen ja niiden pohjalta löytyneiden havaintojen kautta. Kokeiluissa tehtiin prototypointeja erilaisista taitetuista vaatteista, joiden pohjalta kehitettin taitekaavoja. Kirjallisessa osuudessa tehtiin taustatutkimusta origamista, jossa selvitettiin mitä mahdollisuuksia tämä alun perin koristevalmistustekniikka on tuonut teknologiaan ja vaatesuunnitteluun. Tutkimuksessa pohdittiin myös, mitä mahdollisuuksia taitetulla vaatteella voisi olla nollahukkavaatesuunnittelumenetelmänä. Tutkimus näyttää, että origamiin pohjautuva taittotekniikka soveltuu lähtökohtaisesti erittäin hyvin vaatteiden luontiin. Samankokoisesta neliöstä saadaan hyvinkin erilaisia vaatekappaleita pelkästään taittamalla. Kun valmistettu vaate on helposti purettavissa ja uudelleen taitettavissa toisenlaiseksi vaatteeksi, elinkaari pitenee — kankaan laadusta riippuen — miltei ikuiseksi ja tarjoaa näin ollen ekologisen ihanteen. Myös nollahukkamenetelmä toteutuu, koska leikkuujätettä ei synny. Jotkut muodot taittuvat luonnollisesti paremmin, muissa on kehitettävää. Taitekaavojen edelleen kehitykseen löytyy kokeilujen pohjalta monenlaisia lupaavia mahdollisuuksia niin että jokaiselle ihmiselle voitaisiin tulevaisuudessa tarjota mahdollisuus oppia taittamaan oma vaate. Opinnäytetyön löydöksistä valmistettiin opinnäytetyömallisto TAITE, joka koostuu pelkästään samankokoisista taitetuista neliöistä.The Bachelor’s thesis FOLD researched the possibilities origami could bring to the clothing industry. In addition, the development of folding patterns for clothing was explored. Great, hidden potential was being seen from an ecological point of view as well as the chance to bring sustainable, individual, timeless and modern clothing into reach of simply everyone, regardless of age and wealth. The research was approached in a practical way, making prototypes of different kinds of clothing and — based on those — creating different folding patterns for them. Also being covered is the historic origin of origami and how this technique, which was originally created to make decorations, has impacted the world of modern design over the years. Naturally following along was the thought if and how this idea would fit the Zero waste concept. As a result, one can state that origami-based folding technology is basically very suitable for creating clothes. A square of the same size can be used to make various pieces of clothing simply by folding. When the manufactured garment can be easily disassembled and refolded into another type of garment, the life cycle is extended — depending on the quality of the fabric — almost infinitely and thus offers an ecological ideal. The Zero waste method is achieved, because no cutting waste is generated. Some shapes naturally fold better, others need to be developed more. Based on experiments, there are many promising possibilities for the further development of folding patterns, so that every person could be offered the opportunity to learn how to fold their own clothes in the future. The findings of the thesis were used to produce the collection FOLD, which consists solely of folded squares of the same size

Evaluation of CEOP ThinkUKnow internet safety programme and exploration of young people's internet safety knowledge.

The ThinkuKnow (TUK) programme is managed by the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (CEOP) and is part of its programme to reduce the harm caused by those individuals that seek to abuse children and young people through the misuse of technology. It is part funded by the European Commission's (EC) Safer Internet Plus programme and aims to provide Internet safety advice to children and young people aged between 5?16 years of age, as well as information for parents and support for professionals who work directly with them. It concentrates on three key messages: how to have fun; how to stay in control; and how to report a problem. Although the main focus is on sexual abuse and exploitation, such as grooming, the programme covers other aspects of Internet safety and security. The TUK programme is delivered by a network of trained and vetted volunteers, drawn from professionals who work directly with children, such as teachers, police officers and child protection workers. As part of its funding agreement with the EC CEOP agreed to commission an independent evaluation of the TUK programme aimed at 11-16 year olds. This is the oldest part of that programme and was launched in September 2006. This research aimed to explore young people's understanding and awareness of messages from the CEOP TUK Internet safety programme, whilst also exploring young people?s Internet use and risk taking behaviour. The research incorporated two stages: a qualitative stage which included 21 focus groups with 84 young people (49 girls and 35 boys) in schools throughout the UK who have received the TUK programme. The second stage of the research involved a large survey of 1,718 young people across the UK aged 11-16 years old1. In total over 1,800 young people participated in the research, making this one of the largest, recent studies of young people and Internet safety in the UK. The study also included 11 face-to-face and telephone interviews with TUK trainers

Do depressed patients really over-report cognitive impairment?

Beblo T, Bergdolt J, Kilian M, et al. Do depressed patients really over-report cognitive impairment? Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;338:466-471.BACKGROUND: Depressed patients report more severe cognitive impairment than is detectable by neuropsychological tests because they may underestimate their cognitive performance. Alternatively, it is possible that cognitive impairment primarily occurs under everyday life conditions as referred to in most questionnaires. The aim of the present study is to investigate the validity of self-reports in patients with major depression in order to better understand the pronounced impairment in self-reports.; METHODS: We investigated 58 patients with major depression and 28 heathy control participants. We administered the "Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry" (SCIP) to assess cognitive performance, the "Questionnaire for Cognitive Complaints" (FLei), and the newly developed scale for "Self-Perception of Cognitive Performance in everyday life and test settings" to ask for the self-assessed cognitive performance in everyday life and in a test situation more specifically.; RESULTS: Depressed patients showed an inferior test performance and reported much more general everyday life related cognitive problems compared to healthy participants. When asked more specifically for their cognitive performance in the test-situation compared to others and compared to everyday life, they did not report more test-related and everyday life related impairment than healthy participants did.; LIMITATIONS: Results might be influenced by comorbidity.; CONCLUSIONS: These results have implications for the assessment of subjective cognitive performance of depressed patients and shed light on the negative effects of general versus more specific recall of autobiographical information. Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Hyperspectral outcrop models for palaeoseismic studies

The traditional study of palaeoseismic trenches, involving logging, stratigraphic and structural interpretation, can be time consuming and affected by biases and inaccuracies. To overcome these limitations, a new workflow is presented that integrates infrared hyperspectral and photogrammetric data to support field-based palaeoseismic observations. As a case study, this method is applied on two palaeoseismic trenches excavated across a post-glacial fault scarp in northern Finnish Lapland. The hyperspectral imagery (HSI) is geometrically and radiometrically corrected, processed using established image processing algorithms and machine learning approaches, and co-registered to a structure-from-motion point cloud. HSI-enhanced virtual outcrop models are a useful complement to palaeoseismic field studies as they not only provide an intuitive visualisation of the outcrop and a versatile data archive, but also enable an unbiased assessment of the mineralogical composition of lithologic units and a semi-automatic delineation of contacts and deformational structures in a 3D virtual environment. Résumé L'étude traditionnelle des tranchées paléosismiques, impliquant l'enregistrement des coupes et l'interprétation stratigraphique et structurelle, peut prendre beaucoup de temps et être entachée de biais et d'inexactitudes. Pour surmonter ces limites, une nouvelle méthodologie est présentée, intégrant des données photogrammétriques et hyperspectrales infrarouges en appui aux observations paléosismiques de terrain. Comme étude de cas, cette méthode est appliquée à deux tranchées paléosismiques creusées à travers un escarpement de faille post-glaciaire dans le nord de la Laponie finlandaise. L'imagerie hyperspectrale (HSI) est corrigée géométriquement et radiométriquement, traitée à l'aide d'algorithmes classiques de traitement d'images et d'apprentissage machine, et recalée sur un nuage de points photogrammétrique. Les modèles virtuels d'affleurements améliorés par HSI constituent un complément utile aux études paléosismiques de terrain, car ils fournissent non seulement une visualisation intuitive de l'affleurement et une archive de données facile d'emploi, mais permettent également une évaluation non biaisée de la composition minéralogique d'unités lithologiques ainsi qu'une délimitation semi-automatique des contacts et des structures de déformation dans un environnement virtuel 3D

Hyperspectral imagery-enhanced virtual outcrop models of two palaeoseismic trenches in northern Finnish Lapland

The traditional study of palaeoseismic trenches involving logging, stratigraphic and structural interpretation can be time-consuming and affected by biases and inaccuracies. To overcome these limitations, we present a new workflow that integrates infrared hyperspectral and photogrammetric data to support field-based palaeoseismic observations. As a case study, this method is applied on two palaeoseismic trenches excavated across a post-glacial fault scarp in northern Finnish Lapland. The hyperspectral imagery (HSI) is geometrically and radiometrically corrected, processed using established image processing algorithms and machine learning approaches, and co-registered to a Structure-from-Motion point cloud. HSI-enhanced virtual outcrop models are a useful complement to palaeoseismic field studies as they not only provide an intuitive visualisation of the outcrop and a versatile data archive, but also enable an unbiased assessment of the mineralogical composition of lithologic units and a semi-automatic delineation of contacts and deformational structures in a 3D virtual environment. Uploaded data: 14 individual 3D point clouds (ascii format) from two palaeoseismic trenches, including two structure-from-motion photogrammetric RGB point clouds and 12 hyperspectral-enhanced point clouds. Data headers contain point coordinates in m (ETRS89/UTM35N), RGB color (0–255), and point normals (only for SfM RGB point clouds) in the following order: X, Y, Z, Red, Green, Blue, Nx, Ny, Nz