Efectos del clima y la estructura del rodal sobre procesos de mortalidad en los bosques ibéricos.

Herrero A & Zavala MA, editores (2015) Los Bosques y la Biodiversidad frente al Cambio Climático: Impactos, Vulnerabilidad y Adaptación en España. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, Madrid.Peer Reviewe

Implementaci?n de t?cnicas gr?fico-pl?sticas como estrategia pedag?gica para el fortalecimiento de la motricidad fina en los ni?os y ni?as del nivel de preescolar.

99 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEn la formaci?n integral del ni?odesde los primeros a?os de la vida, es fundamental el desarrollo de la actividad creativa, la expresi?n gr?fico -pl?stica y la imaginaci?n, toda vez que constituye una actividad que promueve el desarrollo de la motricidad, el pensamiento cr?tico y la capacidad de proposici?n, como elementos fundamentales que le permiten al ni?o conocer, interactuar y transformar su entorno. Como parte del proceso de investigaci?n formativa que dispone el Programa de Licenciatura en Pedagog?a Infantil de la Universidad del Tolima, se llev? a cabo un proyecto enfocado hacia la implementaci?n de una propuesta pedag?gica que promueva el dise?o y la ejecuci?n de t?cnicas gr?fico? pl?sticascomo estrategia para el fortalecimiento de la motricidad fina en los ni?os y ni?as en nivel preescolar. El proyecto parte de la necesidad de permitir a los ni?os del nivel preescolar de la Instituci?n Educativa T?cnica La Sagrada Familia - Sede Versallesacceder a otros lenguajes a trav?s de actividades de su inter?s y agrado como espintar, modelar,rasgar, recortar, ensartar o dibujar, que se convierten en estrategias estimuladoras de su potencial creativo y creador, y a la vez fortalecen habilidades que son fundamentales para un adecuado desarrollo y desempe?o de su motricidad fina.Atrav?s del Proyecto Pedag?gico de Aula: Manitos creativas y juguetonas, se logra apropiar por los docentes, los padres de familia y los ni?os la expresi?n gr?fico ? pl?stica como una estrategia que fortalece la motricidad fina, a la vez que ofrece la instalaci?n de ambientes propicios para el aprendizaje desde el espacio preescolar. Palabras claves: Gr?fico - pl?stico, arte, motricidad fina, aprendizaje, expresi?n creativa.In the integral formation of the child from the first years of life, the development of the creative activity, the graphic expression - plastic and the imagination, since it constitutes an activity that promotes the development of the motor, critical thinking and the capacity for proposition, as fundamental elements that allow the child to know, interact and transform their environment. As part of the process of formative research provided by the Graduate Program in Pedagogy for Children at the University of Tolima, a project was carried out focusing on the implementation of a pedagogical proposal that promotes the design and execution of graphic techniques such as strategy for the strengthening of fine motor skills in preschool children. The project starts from the need to allow children of the pre-school level of the Educational Institution The Sagrada Familia - Versailles Headquarters to access other languages through activities of their interest and enjoyment such as painting, modeling, ripping, trimming, strumming or drawing , Which become strategies that stimulate their creative and creative potential, and at the same time strengthen skills that are fundamental for an adequate development and performance of their fine motor skills.Through the Pedagogical Project of Classroom: Creative and playful hands, it is possible to appropriate for teachers, parents and children the graphic - plastic expression as a strategy that strengthens fine motor skills, while offering the installation of environments Conducive to learning from preschool. Key Words:Graphic - plastic, art, fine motor skills, learning, creative expression

Molecular identification of root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. in agricultural crops from Costa Rica

Introduction. The root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp., have a wide host range and reduce the yield of different crops. Information on the diversity of Pratylenchus species is scarce in Costa Rica. Objective. To identify the Pratylenchus species associated with 12 crops based on the D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene. Materials and methods. During 2013 to 2015, root samples were collected in Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, and San José in crops of rice (Oryza sativa), black pepper (Piper nigrum), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), aster (Aster sp.), coffee (Coffea arabica), banana (Musa paradisiaca), lily (Lilium sp.), gypsophila (Gypsophila sp.), onion (Allium cepa), potato (Solanum tuberosum), strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa), and leather-leaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis). The D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene from each population was amplified and sequenced. A GenBank Blast Search was performed for each sequence. The phylogenetic relationships were established by Bayesian Inference. Results. Blast Search indicated the presence of P. pseudocoffeae in aster, P. brachyurus in black pepper, P. crenatus in onion and potato, P. hippeastri and P. gutierrezi in sugarcane and coffee, respectively. Pratylenchus bolivianus in leather-leaf fern and potato, P. penetrans in onion, strawberry, gypsophila, and lily, P. zeae in rice and sugarcane, while P. speijeri in banana. The phylogenetic analysis corroborated the Pratylenchus species identity with exceptions of sequences from 1) banana, grouped to P. coffeae complex group, 2) sugar cane, grouped to P. hippeastri complex group 3) onion and potato were related with P. crenatus, in an independent group, and 4) leather-leaf fern and potato were grouped with P. bolivianus with low resolution. Conclusions. Nine genetic groups of Pratylenchus were found, some of those should be verified with other molecular markers to get a conclusive identification

Aplicación de modelos ecológicos para el análisis de la estructura y dinámica de bosques Ibéricos en respuesta al cambio climático

Los modelos son simplificaciones de la realidad, su uso en Ecología permite estudiar patrones y procesos en sistemas naturales complejos de manera objetiva y relativamente sencilla. Los ecosistemas forestales son especialmente complejos de estudiar al estar formados por especies longevas y de gran tamaño, donde la experimentación es difícil. La combinación de modelos y datos observacionales a escalas espaciales regionales y continentales es particularmente útil para analizar patrones y procesos en bosques. La distribución y abundancia de organismos a lo largo del espacio y el tiempo está determinada por factores ambientales, bióticos y antrópicos, como por ejemplo las condiciones climáticas, la competencia inter- e intra-específica, la adaptación local, la plasticidad fenotípica o la gestión forestal. Por lo tanto, para el estudio de la respuesta de los bosques frente al cambio global es aconsejable el uso de modelos que incluyan estos factores de cambio y su efecto en los patrones y procesos observados. De hecho, el uso de modelos apropiadas a escalas regionales supone un paso fundamental para estimar los posibles impactos, la vulnerabilidad de los bosques y establecer prioridades en las estrategias de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático. En el presente capítulo presentamos brevemente las técnicas más utilizadas para la parametrización de modelos en Ecología, y la aplicación de ciertos modelos para analizar los impactos y la vulnerabilidad de los bosques frente al cambio global. Dentro de las aplicaciones, incluimos desde modelos estadísticos correlacionales para analizar patrones (e.g. Modelos de Distribución de Especies o modelos de procesos demográficos) hasta modelos dinámicos que incorporan procesos demográficos para explicar patrones de distribución. Finalmente, discutimos  el uso de estos modelos como herramientas para el diagnóstico de los impactos del cambio climático sobre los bosques Ibéricos y su importancia para el diseño de estrategias de adaptación

Recent increase in tree damage and mortality and their spatial dependence on drought intensity in Mediterranean forests

Resumen de la comunicación oral presentada en XVI Congreso Nacional de la AEET, 16 al 20 de octubre de 2023, Universidad de AlmeríaLand-use and climate change are leading to more frequent and intense tree damage and mortality events. Drought-induced tree mortality is occurring worldwide leading to broad-scale events, but the spatial patterns of tree damage and mortality, their underlying drivers and their variation over time is largely unknown. We investigated the spatial patterns of tree damage and mortality across Mediterranean forests of the Iberian Peninsula, the underlying effects of competition and climate, and how the spatial patterns and relationships with underlying drivers changed over time. We used the Spanish Forest Inventory to analyse the autocorrelation in tree damage and mortality across forest types, hurdle-gamma models to quantify the effect of competition and climate on tree damage and mortality, and cross-correlograms to assess their spatial dependence and its change over time. We observed a greater magnitude and a stronger autocorrelation in tree damage than mortality, with positive aggregation up to 20 kilometres. There was a spatial dependence between tree damage and mortality with their drivers, with spatial aggregation increasing with water availability, drought intensity and competition. The spatial dependence of tree damage and mortality with the underlying drivers increased over time, particularly for drought intensity. Our results suggest that the combined effect of intense competition and drought could favour more extensive die-off and tree mortality events, providing key information for identifying vulnerable areas and the planning of adaptation measures

Polymorphic Inversions Underlie the Shared Genetic Susceptibility of Obesity-Related Diseases

The burden of several common diseases including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, asthma, and depression is increasing in most world populations. However, the mechanisms underlying the numerous epidemiological and genetic correlations among these disorders remain largely unknown. We investigated whether common polymorphic inversions underlie the shared genetic influence of these disorders. We performed an inversion association analysis including 21 inversions and 25 obesity-related traits on a total of 408,898 Europeans and validated the results in 67,299 independent individuals. Seven inversions were associated with multiple diseases while inversions at 8p23.1, 16p11.2, and 11q13.2 were strongly associated with the co-occurrence of obesity with other common diseases. Transcriptome analysis across numerous tissues revealed strong candidate genes for obesity-related traits. Analyses in human pancreatic islets indicated the potential mechanism of inversions in the susceptibility of diabetes by disrupting the cis-regulatory effect of SNPs from their target genes. Our data underscore the role of inversions as major genetic contributors to the joint susceptibility to common complex diseases.This research has received funding from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, UE (RTI2018-100789-B-I00) also through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023” Program (CEX2018-000806-S); and the Catalan Government through the CERCA Program and projects SGR2017/801 and #016FI_B 00272 to CR-A. JG is funded by the European Commission (H2020-ERC-2014-CoG-647900) and the MINECO/AEI/FEDER, EU (BFU2017-82937-P). LAPJ lab was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (ISCIII-FEDER P13/02481), the Catalan Department of Economy and Knowledge (SGR2014/1468, SGR2017/1974 and ICREA Acadèmia), and also acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness “Programa de Excelencia María de Maeztu” (MDM-2014-0370). This research was conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under Application Number 43983. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project was supported by the Common Fund of the Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health, and by NCI, NHGRI, NHLBI, NIDA, NIMH, and NINDS.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Regulation of SCF TIR1/AFB E3 ligase assembly by S-nitrosylation of Arabidopsis SKP1-like1 impacts on auxin signaling

The F-box proteins (FBPs) TIR1/AFBs are the substrate recognition subunits of SKP1–cullin–F-box (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complexes and together with Aux/IAAs form the auxin co-receptor. Although tremendous knowledge on auxin perception and signaling has been gained in the last years, SCFTIR1/AFBs complex assembly and stabilization are emerging as new layers of regulation. Here, we investigated how nitric oxide (NO), through S-nitrosylation of ASK1 is involved in SCFTIR1/AFBs assembly. We demonstrate that ASK1 is S-nitrosylated and S-glutathionylated in cysteine (Cys) 37 and Cys118 residues in vitro. Both, in vitro and in vivo protein-protein interaction assays show that NO enhances ASK1 binding to CUL1 and TIR1/AFB2, required for SCFTIR1/AFB2 assembly. In addition, we demonstrate that Cys37 and Cys118 are essential residues for proper activation of auxin signaling pathway in planta. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Cys37 residue is only conserved in SKP proteins in Angiosperms, suggesting that S-nitrosylation on Cys37 could represent an evolutionary adaption for SKP1 function in flowering plants. Collectively, these findings indicate that multiple events of redox modifications might be part of a fine-tuning regulation of SCFTIR1/AFBs for proper auxin signal transduction.This work has been supported by grants from CONICET (PIP 0202 to M.C.T), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata and Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, -Argentina (PICT 1167 to M.C.T and PICT 2421 to C.A.C); from the Spanish Government (PS09/00101 and PI12/00875 to A.M.R., cofinanced by the European Union ERDF), and by the Argentinian-Spanish Integrated Action ES/11/02 / PRIAIBAR- 2011-0782. A.M.R. is supported by the I3SNS programme (ISCIII, Spanish Government). The Proteomics Service of the CBMSO is a member of Proteored (PRB2-ISCIII), and is supported by grants PT13/ 0001/0024 and PT17/0019/0018 of Spanish Government (cofinanced by the European Union ERDF). Work in the laboratory of M.E is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) GM43644, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, US

S-Nitrosation of E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Complex Components Regulates Hormonal Signalings in Arabidopsis

E3 ubiquitin ligases mediate the last step of the ubiquitination pathway in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). By targeting transcriptional regulators for their turnover, E3s play a crucial role in every aspect of plant biology. In plants, SKP1/CULLIN1/F-BOX PROTEIN (SCF)-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are essential for the perception and signaling of several key hormones including auxins and jasmonates (JAs). F-box proteins, TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1 (TIR1) and CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1), bind directly transcriptional repressors AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (AUX/IAA) and JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) in auxin- and JAs-depending manner, respectively, which permits the perception of the hormones and transcriptional activation of signaling pathways. Redox modification of proteins mainly by S-nitrosation of cysteines (Cys) residues via nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a valued regulatory mechanism in physiological processes requiring its rapid and versatile integration. Previously, we demonstrated that TIR1 and Arabidopsis thaliana SKP1 (ASK1) are targets of S-nitrosation, and these NO-dependent posttranslational modifications enhance protein-protein interactions and positively regulate SCFTIR1 complex assembly and expression of auxin response genes. In this work, we confirmed S-nitrosation of Cys140 in TIR1, which was associated in planta to auxin-dependent developmental and stress-associated responses. In addition, we provide evidence on the modulation of the SCFCOI1 complex by different S-nitrosation events. We demonstrated that S-nitrosation of ASK1 Cys118 enhanced ASK1-COI1 protein-protein interaction. Overexpression of non-nitrosable ask1 mutant protein impaired the activation of JA-responsive genes mediated by SCFCOI1 illustrating the functional relevance of this redox-mediated regulation in planta. In silico analysis positions COI1 as a promising S-nitrosation target, and demonstrated that plants treated with methyl JA (MeJA) or S-nitrosocysteine (NO-Cys, S-nitrosation agent) develop shared responses at a genome-wide level. The regulation of SCF components involved in hormonal perception by S-nitrosation may represent a key strategy to determine the precise time and site-dependent activation of each hormonal signaling pathway and highlights NO as a pivotal molecular player in these scenarios.Fil: Terrile, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Tebez, Nuria Malena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Colman, Silvana Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Mateos, Julieta Lisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Morato López, Esperanza. CENTRO DE BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR SEVERO OCHOA (CBMSO) ; UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID;Fil: Sánchez López, Nuria. CENTRO DE BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR SEVERO OCHOA (CBMSO) ; UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID;Fil: Izquierdo Álvarez, Alicia. No especifíca;Fil: Marina, Anabel. CENTRO DE BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR SEVERO OCHOA (CBMSO) ; UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID;Fil: Calderón Villalobos, Luz Irina A.. Donald Danforth Plant Science Center; Estados UnidosFil: Estelle, Mark. No especifíca;Fil: Martínez Ruiz, Antonio. No especifíca;Fil: Fiol, Diego Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Casalongue, Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Iglesias, María José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentin

Microbial colonization and resistome dynamics in food processing environments of a newly opened pork cutting industry during 1.5 years of activity

Artículo versión publicadaBackground: The microorganisms that inhabit food processing environments (FPE) can strongly influence the associated food quality and safety. In particular, the possibility that FPE may act as a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, and a hotspot for the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a concern in meat processing plants. Here, we monitor microbial succession and resistome dynamics relating to FPE through a detailed analysis of a newly opened pork cutting plant over 1.5 years of activity. Results: We identified a relatively restricted principal microbiota dominated by Pseudomonas during the first 2 months, while a higher taxonomic diversity, an increased representation of other taxa (e.g., Acinetobacter, Psychrobacter), and a certain degree of microbiome specialization on different surfaces was recorded later on. An increase in total abundance, alpha diversity, and β-dispersion of ARGs, which were predominantly assigned to Acinetobacter and associated with resistance to certain antimicrobials frequently used on pig farms of the region, was detected over time. Moreover, a sharp increase in the occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- producing Enterobacteriaceae and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcaceae was observed when cutting activities started. ARGs associated with resistance to β-lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and sulphonamides frequently co-occurred, and mobile genetic elements (i.e., plasmids, integrons) and lateral gene transfer events were mainly detected at the later sampling times in drains. Conclusions: The observations made suggest that pig carcasses were a source of resistant bacteria that then colonized FPE and that drains, together with some food-contact surfaces, such as equipment and table surfaces, represented a reservoir for the spread of ARGs in the meat processing facility.S