Average symbol error rate analysis of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces based free-space optical link over Weibull distribution channels

Optical wireless communication (OWC) enables wireless connectivity using ultraviolet bands, infrared or visible. With its advantages features as high bandwidth, low cost, and operation in an unregulated spectrum. Free-space optical (FSO) communication systems are near terrestrial as a communication link between transceivers, the link is line-of-sight and successfully transmitted optical signals. Nevertheless, the optical signals transmissions over the FSO channels bring challenges to the system. To overcome the challenges posed by the FSO channels, the most common technique is to use relay stations, the most recent is the reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) technique. This study introduces a Weibull distribution model for a free-space optical communication link with RISs assisted, the parameter used to evaluate the performance of the system is the average symbol error rate (ASER). The RISs effect is examined by considering the influence of the transmitter beam waist radius, shape parameter, aperture radius, scale parameter, and signal-to-noise ratio on the ASER

Assessing Vegetation Cover Change Using Remote Sensing: Case Study at Binh Duong Province, Vietnam

This study aims to present the application of remote sensing in monitoring vegetation change in Binh Duong Province, Vietnam. The study used Landsat 5 images in the year 2010 and Landsat 8 images in the years 2015 and 2020 to investigate the area of vegetation. The maximum likelihood classification method (MLC) was used to classify land cover and an accuracy matrix was computed to validate the classification results. The references data were collected to support classification and accuracy assessment processes including land use maps in 2010, 2015, and 2020. In addition, collected field points and UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) in 2020 were used. The overall accuracies are 81.27%, 84.41%, and 83.86%, and Kappa indices were 0.76, 0.80, and 0.80, corresponding to 2010, 2015, and 2020. The results showed that as compared to 2010 and 2015, the area of vegetation in 2020 decreased 10% and 8%, respectively. The average vegetation cover per capita was 740 m2 person-1 in 2020, compared to 1000 m2 person-1 in 2015 and 1200 m2 person-1 in 2010. This reduction was obvious in urban areas in the province, due to the need for construction and development. The study provides meaningful information on vegetation change and green area per capita in Binh Duong Province from 2010 to 2020

The Key Strategies for Measuring Employee Performance in Companies: A Systematic Review

Businesses must maintain their ability to adapt in order to remain competitive in today’s ever-evolving industry. They must collect and evaluate data continuously to make educated decisions and take appropriate measures. As a result, since the turn of the 20th century, managers’ preferred areas of interest have been connected to the achievement of their companies. This systematic review aimed to assess the most important methodologies for measuring employee performance in organizations. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) technique, the researchers carried out a systematic review on a specific topic. A thorough review of the literature was carried out, with a particular emphasis on articles, research papers, and other materials deemed relevant to the primary approaches for staff performance measurement and their associated factors and other relevant resources. The systematic review findings revealed that collaboration initiatives had positive and statistically significant standard-size effects on employee performance. The use of performance measurement attempts to identify the strengths and weaknesses of employees and to motivate them to improve their performance. Employee performance measurement demonstrates a favorable relationship between performance evaluation and employee inspiration. Performance evaluation schemes should be designed to provide a good treatment perspective of other teammates and the worker’s own aims

Mechanical and hydrodynamic characteristics of emerged porous Gyroid breakwaters based on triply periodic minimal surfaces

Porous structures with controllable mechanical and hydrodynamic characteristics are prospective candidates for coastal engineering applications. In this paper, a novel emerged porous breakwater based on triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) cellular structure is proposed. Mechanical behaviour of TPMS structures is analyzed by conducting uniaxial compressive tests for cubic specimens made of cementious material. Numerical finite element method (FEM) is also employed to evaluate mechanical characteristics of cellular structures and then compared them with experimental results. The results show that experimental and numerical approaches well agree. In addition, the mechanical performance of the gyroid cellular structures is better than lattice ones. A 5% change in porosity of Gyroid structure led to an average 5% change in the maximum load obtained, which is expected mechanical behaviour. The Gyroid cellular structure is therefore considered for breakwaters application. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation through FLUENT is adopted to assess interactions of solitary wave and emerged porous breakwaters based on Gyroid-TPMS. The CFD simulation results show that incident wave reduces approximately by 50% after approaching the porous structure with a porosity of 50%. Besides, the percentage change in the porosity affected the wave transmission coefficients and the wave-induced forces on the structure (5%, 10%, and 15% respectively). A pilot design of a Gyroid breakwater structure with a pile-supported system as a novel solution is suggested

Molecular biology of breast cancer

Breast cancer has been increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous disease with distinct subtypes being identified with the advances of molecular techniques and diagnostics. Although subtyping mainly depended on immunohistochemical markers such as the estrogen receptor, the progesterone receptor, and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), novel subtypes within the three historical subtypes have been defined using gene expression profiling and next-generation sequencing. This new classification has both prognostic and predictive value not only in the advanced setting but also in the treatment of early breast cancer. Furthermore, the discovery of genomic markers of sensitivity and resistance has led to the approval of multiple targeted therapies, whereas others are still in development. The use of biomarkers will also serve treatment deescalation because the first results of large studies testing genomic signatures in the early setting favor the use of gene expression profiling in treatment decisions. Finally, the discovery of immune markers is paving the way for new immune signatures. Indeed, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are starting to be used as prognostic and predictive markers while novel immunotherapy agents are being tested both in the advanced and early setting.SCOPUS: ch.binfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Model Bio\u2010Membranes Investigated by AFM and AFS: A Suitable Tool to Unravel Lipid Organization and their Interaction with Proteins

The study of the biological membrane has largely benefitted from the exploitation of model bilayer systems. These simplified models of the complex biological membrane composed of thousands of different types of molecules allow both to understand basic physical principles underlying the membrane functioning and to test new techniques that will be subsequently applied to biological membranes. Here we concentrate on one of the most used model systems for this kind of investigations: the Supported Lipid Bilayer (SLB). In particular, we analyze the possibilities of investigation offered by Atomic Force Microscopy and Spectroscopy (AFM/AFS) on this model system. We discuss the information that this techniques is able to provide on the phase behavior of the lipid bilayers and on the partitioning of membrane proteins relative to the bilayer lateral heterogeneity. We discuss also the possibility to characterize the mechanical properties of lipid bilayers on the nanometer scale lateral resolution