The Galactic IMF: origin in the combined mass distribution functions of dust grains and gas clouds

We present here a theoretical model to account for the stellar IMF as a result of the composite behaviour of the gas and dust distribution functions. Each of these has previously been modelled and the models tested against observations. The model presented here implies a relation between the characteristic size of the dust grains and the characteristic final mass of the stars formed within the clouds containing the grains, folded with the relation between the mass of a gas cloud and the characteristic mass of the stars formed within it. The physical effects of dust grain size are due to equilibrium relations between the efficiency of grains in cooling the clouds, which is a falling function of grain size, and the efficiency of grains in catalyzing the production of molecular hydrogen, which is a rising function of grain size. We show that folding in the effects of grain distribution can yield a reasonable quantitative account of the IMF, while gas cloud mass function alone cannot do so.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, MNRAS accepted for publicatio

Influence of Axial Depth of Cut and Tool Position on Surface Quality and Chatter Appearance in Locally Supported Thin Floor Milling

Thin floor machining is a challenging and demanding issue, due to vibrations that create poor surface quality. Several technologies have been developed to overcome this problem. Ad hoc fixtures for a given part geometry lead to meeting quality tolerances, but since they lack flexibility, they are expensive and not suitable for low manufacturing batches. On the contrary, flexible fixtures consisting of vacuum cups adaptable to a diversity of part geometries may not totally avoid vibrations, which greatly limits its use. The present study analyses the feasibility of thin floor milling in terms of vibration and roughness, in the cases where milling is conducted without back support, a usual situation when flexible fixtures are employed, so as to define the conditions for a stable milling in them and thus avoid the use of ad hoc fixtures. For that purpose, the change of modal parameters due to material removal and its influence on chatter appearance have been studied, by means of stability lobe diagrams and Fourier Transform analysis. Additionally, the relationship between surface roughness and chatter frequency, tooth passing frequency, and spindle frequency have been studied. Ploughing effect has also been observed during milling, and the factors that lead to the appearance of this undesirable effect have been analyzed, in order to avoid it. It has been proven that finish milling of thin floors without support in the axial direction of the mill can meet aeronautic tolerances and requirements, providing that proper cutting conditions and machining zones are selected.This research has received funding from the ELKARTEK program of the Basque Govern ment within the project OPTICED, grant number KK-2021/00003

Nondestructive thickness measurement of biological layers at the nanoscale by simultaneous topography and capacitance imaging

Nanoscale capacitance images of purple membrane layers are obtained simultaneously to topography in a nondestructive manner by operating alternating current sensing atomic force microscopy in jumping mode. Capacitance images show excellent agreement with theoretical modeling and prove to be a noninvasive method for measuring the thickness of purple membrane layers beyond the single monolayer limit with nanoscale lateral spatial resolution. With the ability of spatially resolving the capacitance while preserving the sample from damaging, this technique can be applied for nanoscale thickness measurement of other biological layers and soft materials in general

Estado de situación del pulgón amarillo que está afectando al cultivo de sorgo

El pulgón motivo de las consultas y que actualmente afecta a los cultivos de sorgo, presenta características morfológicas diferentes a los anteriormente mencionados, es de coloración amarilla, las proyecciones tubulares (sifones) de la parte posterior del abdomen, pies (tarsos) y antenas negras, que contrastan fuertemente con el color más claro del resto del cuerpo. Además, en las muestras analizadas observamos también adultos ápteros y alados en el envés de las hojas inferiores del cultivo. Las características morfológicas observadas en los individuos adultos son similares a las citadas para el pulgón amarillo de la caña de azúcar que afecta al sorgo en Brasil, EEUU y México.EEA Las BreñasFil: Casuso, Violeta Macarena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Las Breñas; Argentin

Influence of cannabis use on depressive disorders and the role of nursing in patients with dual pathology

Con el paso de los años el cannabis se ha consolidado como la droga ilegal más consumida a nivel global. Por ello, se ha estudiado en profundidad y está demostrado que provoca numerosos efectos asumidos como perjudiciales, siendo uno de ellos el que se contemple como un factor de riesgo importante en el desarrollo de enfermedades psiquiátricas. (1) Una de ellas, la depresión. Este trastorno llega a afectar a más de 300 millones de personas, de las cuales hasta un 25% consumen esta droga en el proceso de enfermedad. Sin embargo, no existe evidencia clara sobre la relación entre ambos. (4, 40, 42) No obstante, la coexistencia de este consumo y un trastorno depresivo está en aumento y se contemplan diferentes hipótesis que explican esta comorbilidad. Lo que sí está demostrado es la implicación del uso continuado de cannabis en la posterior depresión, constatando el hecho de que es un factor de riesgo en el desarrollo de la enfermedad. (41) Por ello, junto al creciente número de casos y la gravedad y complicación de estos, se necesitan tratamientos que integren ambas patologías y al paciente en su totalidad, con profesionales formados y competentes en esta áreaOver the years, cannabis has become the most widely consumed illegal drug globally. As a result, it has been extensively studied and is known to cause numerous effects assumed to be harmful, one of which is considered a significant risk factor in the development of psychiatric illnesses. (1) One such illness is depression. This disorder affects more than 300 million people, of whom up to 25% use this drug during the illness process. However, there is no clear evidence about the relationship between the two. (4, 40, 42) Nevertheless, the coexistence of this consumption and a depressive disorder is increasing, and different hypotheses are being considered to explain this comorbidity. However, what is demonstrated is the involvement of continued cannabis use in subsequent depression, confirming the fact that it is a risk factor in the development of the illness. (41) Therefore, along with the growing number of cases and the severity and complexity of these cases, treatments are needed that integrate both pathologies and the patient as a whole, with trained and competent professionals in this areaGrado en Enfermerí