Composición y actividad antifúngica del aceite esencial de Fabiana imbricata contra levaduras del género Candida

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad anti-fungica del aceite esencial (AE) de Fabiana imbricata Ruiz & Pav contra cinco especies de Candida comúnmente asociadas a enfermedades ginecológicas. El aceite esencial de las hojas fresca de F. imbricata fue obtenido por hidrodestilación y caracterizado mediante la técnica de cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG/EM). Se evaluó la actividad anti-fúngica a diferentes concentraciones del AE mediante el método de microdilución. Los compuestos más abundantes identificados en el AE (7a-isopropenil-4,5-dimetiloctahidroinden-4-il) metanol (43,66%), bulnesol (17,02%) y T-muurolol (5,75%). El AE mostro una potente y selectiva actividad anti-fúngica sobre el crecimiento de la levadura patógena Candida guilliermondii con una concentración mínima inhibitoria de 10 μg/mL, superior al control positivo clotrimazol que presento un valor de 15 μg/mL. Estos resultados confirman las propiedades antimicrobianas de los aceites esenciales y su posible uso en el manejo de las cepas de C. guilliermondii de importancia para pacientes inmune deprimidos y como posibles alternativas a los fungicidas sintéticos

Saber disciplinario en la formación inicial docente : El caso de los estudiantes de último año de carreras de Pedagogía en Educación Física y Deportes en Chile

Este trabajo, buscó determinar el desempeño de saberes disciplinarios de las y los estudiantes de último año de la Carrera deEducación Física y Deporte de Chile. Se describió y analizó el nivel de conocimientos disciplinarios como también diferencias significativas entre áreas, universidades, tipo de casas de estudios, género y dependencia escolar. Estudio descriptivo, observacional exploratorio, de carácter transversal asociadas a siete áreas de conocimientos disciplinarios vinculados a campos aplicativos y ejes temáticos propios del sistema educativo, propuestos en las Bases Curriculares Nacionales del Ministerio de Educación. El tipo de muestreo aplicado fue no probabilístico, por conveniencia, el cual consideró a seis universidades, contemplando un n=214 estudiantes. Se empleó una prueba de selección múltiple, que consideró 70 ítems, centrado en conocimientos disciplinarios, sometido previamente a validación de contenido y de consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach de .778), y pruebas de normalidad (Kolmogorov – Smirnov). Para determinar las diferencias entre distintas dimensiones, se utilizó estadística inferencial, ANOVA y prueba de Tuckey. Es posible determinar que los saberes disciplinarios de las y los estudiantes de último semestre, poseen un desempeño regular. Los resultados contribuyen a los planes de mejoras de las casas de estudios.Chile is facing a long and complex academic, social, and political discussion about the quality assurance of Initial Teacher training. The institutions that train Physical Education and Sports Teachers have diversified. Evaluation of the different dimensions ofteacher training has created a network of relevant topics to be investigated. This work sought to evaluate the performance ofdisciplinary knowledge of senior students of the Physical Education and Sports Degree in Chile. The level of disciplinary knowledgewas described and analysed, and differences between areas, universities, institution type, gender, and school dependency were alsoevaluated. This study was a descriptive, observational, exploratory, cross-sectional study associated with seven areas of disciplinary knowledge linked to applied fields and thematic axes of the educational system, proposed in the National Curricular Bases ofthe Ministry of Education. The sampling type was non-probabilistic, for convenience, which considered six universities, with atotal number of 214 students. A multiple-choice test was used, with 70 questions, focused on disciplinary knowledge, which waspreviously subjected to content validation and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of .778), and normality tests (Kolmogorov -Smirnov). To determine the differences between different dimensions, inferential statistics, ANOVA and Tuckey tests were used. We concluded that the disciplinary knowledge of students in their last semester was regular. These results will contribute to the improvement of curricular studies in the different institutes.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Interleukin-10 Production by T and B Cells Is a Key Factor to Promote Systemic Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection in Mice

Indexción: Scopus.Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a Gram-negative bacterium that produces disease in numerous hosts. In mice, oral inoculation is followed by intestinal colonization and subsequent systemic dissemination, which leads to severe pathogenesis without the activation of an efficient anti-Salmonella immune response. This feature suggests that the infection caused by S. Typhimurium may promote the production of anti-inflammatory molecules by the host that prevent efficient T cell activation and bacterial clearance. In this study, we describe the contribution of immune cells producing the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) to the systemic infection caused by S. Typhimurium in mice. We observed that the production of IL-10 was required by S. Typhimurium to cause a systemic disease, since mice lacking IL-10 (IL-10-/-) were significantly more resistant to die after an infection as compared to wild-type (WT) mice. IL-10-/- mice had reduced bacterial loads in internal organs and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum at 5 days of infection. Importantly, WT mice showed high bacterial loads in tissues and no increase of cytokines in serum after 5 days of S. Typhimurium infection, except for IL-10. In WT mice, we observed a peak of il-10 messenger RNA production in ileum, spleen, and liver after 5 days of infection. Importantly, the adoptive transfer of T or B cells from WT mice restored the susceptibility of IL-10-/- mice to systemic S. Typhimurium infection, suggesting that the generation of regulatory cells in vivo is required to sustain a systemic infection by S. Typhimurium. These findings support the notion that IL-10 production from lymphoid cells is a key process in the infective cycle of S. Typhimurium in mice due to generation of a tolerogenic immune response that prevents bacterial clearance and supports systemic dissemination

Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing in improving lipid level in patients with dyslipidemia assisted by general practitioners: Dislip-EM study protocol

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The non-pharmacological approach to cholesterol control in patients with hyperlipidemia is based on the promotion of a healthy diet and physical activity. Thus, to help patients change their habits, it is essential to identify the most effective approach. Many efforts have been devoted to explain changes in or adherence to specific health behaviors. Such efforts have resulted in the development of theories that have been applied in prevention campaigns, and that include brief advice and counseling services. Within this context, Motivational Interviewing has proven to be effective in changing health behaviors in specific cases. However, more robust evidence is needed on the effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing in treating chronic pathologies -such as dyslipidemia- in patients assisted by general practitioners. This article describes a protocol to assess the effectiveness of MI as compared with general practice (brief advice), with the aim of improving lipid level control in patients with dyslipidemia assisted by a general practitioner.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>An open, two-arm parallel, multicentre, cluster, controlled, randomized, clinical trial will be performed. A total of 48-50 general practitioners from 35 public primary care centers in Spain will be randomized and will recruit 436 patients with dyslipidemia. They will perform an intervention based either on Motivational Interviewing or on the usual brief advice. After an initial assessment, follow-ups will be performed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 months. Primary outcomes are lipid levels (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides) and cardiovascular risk. The study will assess the degree of dietary and physical activity improvement, weight loss in overweight patients, and adherence to treatment guidelines.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Motivational interview skills constitute the primary strategies GPs use to treat their patients. Having economical, simple, effective and applicable techniques is essential for primary care professionals to help their patients change their lifestyle and improve their health. This study will provide scientific evidence on the effectiveness of Motivational interviewing, and will be performed under strict control over the data collected, ensuring the maintenance of therapeutic integrity.</p> <p>Trials Registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov (<a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01282190">NCT01282190</a>).</p

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Metodología lúdico acuática de ambientación en niños de 6 a 10 años

Study comprising data collection over a period of three consecutive years (2016, 2017, 2018), which shows the progress and improvement in the domain of water content from its initial, elementary and advanced phase. It aims, establish the influence of a methodological proposal for aquatic recreational setting for children from six to ten years. Using the game as a fundamental tool for the development of the teaching and learning of the domain of the contents of swimming. The hypothesis of work proposed a setting H1 playful aquatic significantly influences the process of setting in children between six to ten years. H0 a proposal of setting leisure aquatic does not affect significantly the process of setting in children from six to ten years. Procedure method: the design is quasi-experimental, transverse, explorative, character which includes a pre-test (Test-Retest) in a group of subjects. While the control group is composed on. The sample consists of total n = 76 children. Results: these allow to determine that there is a progressive increase in the percentage of achievement of mastery of content in the practice of swimming. It is possible to establish changes in the behavior of the conduct of the subject, such as participation, autonomy, tolerance, among others, it is possible to determine, ultimately, that the use of activities shows progressive advances during the development process of teaching and learning in the domain of water content. As a result, it is possible to establish that the methodology is useful in the stages of formation, where motivation, as pleasure-seeking through the application of attractive activities lasting over time in children it is important participants.Estudio que comprende recopilación de datos en un periodo de tres años consecutivos (2016, 2017, 2018), donde se observa el progreso y mejora en el dominio de contenidos acuáticos desde su fase inicial, elemental y avanzada. Tiene como objetivo, Establecer la influencia de una propuesta metodológica de ambientación lúdica acuática para niños de seis a diez años. Por medio de la utilización del juego como herramienta fundamental para el desarrollo de la enseñanza y aprendizaje del dominio de los contenidos de la natación. La Hipótesis de trabajo H1 Una propuesta de ambientación lúdico acuática influye significativamente en el proceso de ambientación en niños/as entre seis a diez años. H0 Una propuesta de ambientación lúdico acuática no influye significativamente en el proceso de ambientación en niños/as de seis a diez años. Procedimiento método: el diseño es cuasiexperimental, de carácter trasversal, exploratorio, que incluye una preprueba (Test-Retest) en un grupo de sujetos. Mientras que el grupo control se compone sucesivamente. La muestra está constituida por total n=76 niños/as. Resultados: estos permiten determinar que existe un aumento progresivo en el porcentaje de logro del dominio de contenidos en la práctica de la natación. Es posible establecer cambios en el comportamiento de la conducta de los sujetos, tales como, participación, autonomía, tolerancia, entre otros, es posible determinar, en definitiva, que la utilización de actividades lúdicas muestra avances progresivos durante el proceso de desarrollo de la enseñanza y aprendizaje en el dominio de contenidos acuáticos. En consecuencia, es posible establecer que la metodología utilizada resulta útil en las etapas de formación, donde resulta importante la motivación, como búsqueda del placer mediante la aplicación de actividades atractivas que perduren en el tiempo en los niños/as participantes

Programación por niveles en educación especial

Elaborar una programación de Educación Especial que tenga validez a nivel nacional, desarrollando una normativa basada en el art. 49 de la Ley General de Educación de 1970 y que sirva para regular la actividad docente de los centros de Educación Especial de España. Alumnos de los colegios del Patronato María Soriano, donde cada aula se compone de un grupo de 10 a 12 alumnos. Se distinguen 3 fases en el proceso: 1. Recogida de experiencias y programación en los colegios del Patronato. 2. Elaboración de programas por niveles para Educación Especial. 3. Experimentación de dichos niveles en cada uno de los colegios del Patronato. En la primera fase se recogen las experiencias de programación realizadas en los colegios desde 1966. A partir de ese conocimiento y de la observación sistemática del profesor, se confecciona un programa individual, de base, para desarrollar en el aula, compuesta por un grupo de 10 a 12 alumnos. Se trata de una metodología individual. En el año 1975 se pretende un giro en la organización del aula que posibilite el desarrollo sistemático de la socialización de las actividades y la individualización de los aprendizajes. Este enfoque consiste en establecer a priori todas las posibles conductas que debería adquirir el deficiente mental límite, ligero o medio a una determinada edad escolar. Mediante una exploración inicial por un equipo de especialistas, formado por un psicólogo, un pedagogo, un médico y un asistente social, se sitúa al alumno en unos puntos concretos del programa, atendiendo a sus características diferenciadoras y edad cronológica. Los objetivos se diferencian en generales y de nivel. Entroncan directamente con las finalidades propuestas por la Institución y los objetivos operativos o conductas de programas expuestos en la reunión científica de la Asociación Española para la Educación Especial (AEDES). A partir de lo expuesto, se procede a la elaboración de programas consistentes en la sistematización de las experiencias de programación desarrolladas. Los resultados son la programación en cinco niveles, cada uno de los cuales contiene: Área de psicomotricidad: programación y evaluación formativa; Área de lenguaje; Área de cálculo; Área de socialización; Área de formación religiosa; Área de habituación; Evaluación sumativa de nivel. A partir del nivel IV se añaden las áreas de expresión plástica y expresión dinámica, y, en el nivel V, el área de polivalentes. A partir de esta programación, se pretende ayudar al deficiente a desarrollar su personalidad para que se integre en el marco social que le corresponde, en concordancia con sus posibilidades. Además, permite canalizar de manera segura y eficaz los esfuerzos y actividades del deficiente hacia la consecución de los fines previstos, al mismo tiempo que: facilita el escalonamiento de contenidos a adquirir; ayuda a localizar el retraso del niño y su dificultad de aprendizaje; permite el análisis de los avances en el aprendizaje. En suma, permite la evaluación promocional, la investigación de los procedimientos empleados y la orientación del profesorado especializado al ofrecerle apoyo en su actuación educativa para lograr los objetivos prefijados.GaliciaBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; Fax +34917748026; [email protected]

Pre-Germination Treatments at Operational Scale for Six Tree Species from the Sclerophyll Forest of Central Chile

Sclerophyll forest in Mediterranean central Chile has been subjected to severe degradation due to anthropic disturbances and climate change and is in need of restoration. Since direct seeding is usually unsuccessful, we need to research seed propagation to produce plants for restoration. Our objective was to assess pre-germination treatments for six native woody species (Acacia caven, Lithraea caustica, Quillaja Saponaria, Porlieria chilensis, Kageneckia angustifolia, and Ceratonia chilensis) of the sclerophyll forest, considering its operational applicability and consequences for nursery plant production. Treatments were selected according to previous studies, and operational applicability in nurseries. Germination and level of seeds water imbibition were assessed. Results indicate that time for seed water imbibition is critical for germination in A. caven, P. chilensis and K. angustifolia, with an average germination of 90.2 &plusmn; 2.0%, 85.0 &plusmn; 4.7%, and 47.4 &plusmn; 2.3%, respectively. Gibberellin did not improve germination compared to water soaking in Q. Saponaria, K. angustifolia and P. chilensis. In addition, physical scarification is a suitable treatment for L. caustica and C. chilensis, instead of chemical scarification, avoiding handling toxic and corrosive compounds in nurseries. We recommend assessing seed water imbibition rates as a key factor for proper germination processes

Current Treatments and New Possible Complementary Therapies for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the deadliest gynaecological malignancies. The late diagnosis is frequent due to the absence of specific symptomatology and the molecular complexity of the disease, which includes a high angiogenesis potential. The first-line treatment is based on optimal debulking surgery following chemotherapy with platinum/gemcitabine and taxane compounds. During the last years, anti-angiogenic therapy and poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerases (PARP)-inhibitors were introduced in therapeutic schemes. Several studies have shown that these drugs increase the progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with ovarian cancer, but the identification of patients who have the greatest benefits is still under investigation. In the present review, we discuss about the molecular characteristics of the disease, the recent evidence of approved treatments and the new possible complementary approaches, focusing on drug repurposing, non-coding RNAs, and nanomedicine as a new method for drug delivery