Crónica de la provincia de Salamanca

Las h. de grab. son retratos de personas ilustres de Salamanca, los h. de map. son de la provincia de Salamanca y de Avila y las il. son lugares representativos de la ciudad.Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

Determinación del coeficiente de rozamiento grano-pared en silos de pared corrugada mediante el método de los elementos discretos

El comportamiento de los materiales granulares almacenados en silos se ve afectado por varios parámetros, tanto aquellos característicos del material como de la geometría del silo. La determinación del coeficiente de rozamiento pared-partícula es uno de los parámetros de mayor importancia, siendo habituales en su determinación el uso de ensayos de corte directo. En el presente trabajo se estudia dicho coeficiente para el supuesto de una pared corrugada, el cual, teóricamente, debe representar a un valor efectivo que depende tanto del coeficiente de rozamiento grano-pared (para el caso de una pared lisa) y el ángulo de rozamiento interno del material. La determinación del rozamiento efectivo se ha realizado a través de la simulación por elementos discretos de un ensayo de corte sobre una pared corrugada. Los valores obtenidos han sido comparados con las prescripciones expuestas en la normativa vigente. La potencialidad del método de los elementos discretos permite el estudio de diversas configuraciones geométricas de la pared corrugada de los silos sin necesidad de realizar ensayos de laboratorio. Esto permitirá, en trabajos sucesivos, investigar la influencia de muy diversos factores en el valor del rozamiento efectivo grano-pared en este tipo de paredes. The mechanical behaviour of granular materials stored in silos is affected by numerous parameters, some of them being related to the characteristic of the stored materials and others to the geometry of the silo. The determination of the particle-wall friction coefficient (or wall friction) is of great importance and direct shear tests are usually conducted in order to obtain its value. In this work this variable is analysed for the case of a corrugated wall. This value is expected to be an effective value between the particle-wall friction coefficient (obtained for a flat wall) and the internal friction coefficient of the material under study. The effective wall friction determination has been carried out by using a discrete element model to simulate a direct shear test on a corrugated wall. The values obtained have been compared with prescriptions given in the current standards. The potential of the discrete element method allows different geometries of the silo corrugated wall to be considered without the necessity of developing laboratory tests. In future works it will allow the influence of numerous parameters on the effective wall friction in corrugated walls to be studied

A PCR-DGGE method for the identification of histamine-producing bacteria in cheese

Histamine is the biogenic amine (BA) most frequently involved in food poisoning. Cheese is among the foods in which it is most commonly found, and in some of the highest concentrations. Its accumulation in cheese is mainly due to the presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that produce histidine decarboxylase, an enzyme coded by the gene hdcA. This gene has been sequenced in several histamine-producing LAB. This paper reports a new culture-independent method based on PCR-DGGE for detecting and identifying, at the species level, the histaminogenic bacteria present in cheese. Primers were designed based on the hdcA gene sequences available for Gram positive bacteria, and PCR and DGGE optimized in order to differentiate between amplicons corresponding to different histamine-producing species. The proposed method provides a rapid and simple means of detecting and identifying histamine-producing Gram positive bacteria in foods with complex microbial communities, such as cheese.This work was performed with the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (AGL2013-45431-R) and the Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation 2013–2017 of the Principality of Asturias, which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (GRUPIN14-137). M.D. was a beneficiary of an FPI fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.Peer Reviewe

Q69 (an E. faecalis-infecting bacteriophage) as a biocontrol agent for reducing tyramine in dairy products

Biogenic amines (BAs) are low molecular weight nitrogenous compounds with biological activity, formed from amino acids by decarboxylation. BAs are naturally present in all living organisms playing essential roles. However, their accumulation in food through the metabolic activity of certain microorganisms constitutes a toxicological hazard. Among foods, cheeses accumulate some of the highest concentrations of BAs since they provide an ideal environment for their accumulation. Most of the methods proposed for reducing BAs in cheese, such as milk pasteurization, have not only failed to completely solve the problem, they also affect non-BA producing lactic acid bacteria, i.e., the bacteria that participate in the development of the organoleptic characteristics of cheese. Novel technologies specifically targeted against BA producers are therefore needed to control BA accumulation. Bacteriophages have been proposed as agents for specifically controlling the presence of foodborne pathogens in food. Due to its specificity, they could be used as a biotechnological tool targeted to reduce the population of BA-producing bacteria. The present work reports the isolation, from cheese, and the characterization of bacteriophage Q69, which infects specifically Enterococcus faecalis, the species mainly responsible of the accumulation of the BA tyramine in foods. Furthermore, its capacity to reduce the accumulation of tyramine in different conditions -including a model cheese- was proven. The obtained results open up the possibility of use bacteriophages to prevent BA accumulation in fermented foods.This work was performed with the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (AGL2013-45431-R), and by the GRUPIN14-137 project, which is co-financed by the Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation of the Principality of Asturias 2013–2017 and European Regional Development Funds.Peer Reviewe

Particle quantification from image analysis: application to a quartz-rich sand injection sample at the basal shear zone of the Esla Nappe (Cantabrian Zone, Variscan orogen)

Image analysis of rock samples in thin sections or polished surfaces allows the characterisation of the sizes and shapes of the particles that conform the rock. In order to test the effectiveness of different parameters in discriminating particles and grains of different origin and evolution within a rock, we use one sample from a quartz grain-rich injection at the base of the Esla Nappe (Cantabrian Zone, Variscan Orogen). We characterise particles using the parameters area (A), perimeter (P), sphericity (Es), solidity (So), normalised perimeter-area (PAn) and fractal dimension (DF). The analysis allows to discern rounded sand grains of detrital sedimentary origin from grains that have been partially or totally fractured. However, the parameters used could not discriminate sufficiently grains partially corroded by fluids during their injection perhaps due to the effect of subsequent overgrowths by cementsEl análisis de imagen en muestras de roca en lámina delgada o superficie pulida permite la caracterización de los tamaños y formas de los granos o partículas que constituyen una roca. Para comprobar la eficacia de diferentes parámetros en la discriminación de granos y partículas con diferente origen y evolución en una misma roca, utilizamos una muestra de una inyección arenosa en la base del manto del Esla (Zona Cantábrica, orógeno Varisco). Caracterizamos las partículas con los parámetros de área (A), perímetro (P), esfericidad (Es), solidez (So), perímetro-área normalizado (PAn) y dimensión fractal (DF). Este análisis permite diferenciar los granos redondeados de origen sedimentario detrítico, de aquellos que han sufrido fracturación parcial o total. Sin embargo, el análisis no permitió discriminar suficientemente los granos parcialmente expuestos a la acción corrosiva de fluidos durante la inyección debido quizá a una posible cementación posterio

Cinco cuestiones esenciales para acompañar en el sufrimiento.

El sufrimiento aparece de manera natural y espontánea cuando no tenemos recursos para hacer frente a una situación que se convierte en una amenaza. Acompañar el sufrimiento no es tarea fácil y requiere destrezas, habilidades y conocimientos, así como desarrollo personal. Identificar y abordar el sufrimiento es una de las principales funciones de la práctica clínica. Poder identificar cómo esta experiencia afecta a los profesionales sanitarios, así como generar estrategias para hacerle frente podría protegernos y facilitar el ejercicio de la ayuda. Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal realizar una revisión teórica, acompañada de claves prácticas, para presentar cinco cuestiones previas que configuran un conocimiento esencial para el acompañamiento. Se pretende estimular la reflexión y el aprendizaje de habilidades que nos permitan desarrollar nuestras acciones desde la consciencia y en coherencia con nuestros valores y objetivos.post-print356 K

Resolution of disseminated fusariosis in a child with acute leukemia treated with combined antifungal therapy: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Fusarium </it>spp. is being isolated with increasing frequency as a pathogen in oncohematologic patients. Caspofungin and amphotericin B have been reported to have synergistic activity against <it>Fusarium </it>spp.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We herein report a case of disseminated fusariosis diagnosed by chest CT scan and positive blood cultures to <it>Fusarium </it>spp. Because the patient's clinical condition deteriorated, CRP levels increased, and blood cultures continued to yield <it>Fusarium </it>spp. despite liposomal amphotericin B monotherapy up to 5 mg/kg daily, treatment with caspofungin was added. Within 2 weeks of onset of combined antifungal therapy, the chest CT scan demonstrated a progressive resolution of the pulmonary lesions. Upon discontinuation of intravenous antifungals, the patient received suppressive therapy with oral voriconazole. Three months later, a chest CT scan showed no abnormalities. Twenty-five months after discontinuation of all antifungal therapy, the patient remains in complete remission of her neoplastic disease with no signs of clinical activity of the <it>Fusarium </it>infection.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This is the first description of successful treatment of disseminated fusariosis in a pediatric patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with caspofungin and amphotericin B followed by oral suppressive therapy with voriconazole.</p

Conscious communication to accompany effectively: protocol of 5 steps.

Las personas con enfermedades crónicas y graves, necesitan ser escuchadas, entendidas y atendidas a su ritmo. Los profesionales necesitan herramientas sencillas y eficientes que les faciliten una buena comunicación con sus pacientes, en el menor tiempo posible. Ojetivo: describir un protocolo sistemático de comunicación en cinco pasos. Método: Se ha diseñado un enfoque cualitativo basado en la revisión documental, que ha incluido la revisión bibliográfica y de evidencias para apoyar el análisis y poder llegar a conclusiones con la información extraída del proceso. Resultado: Como resultado se propone un protocolo básico de comunicación fundamentado en el counselling y en los principios de la bioética moderna, capaz de facilitar las funciones de informar, motivar la adhesión terapéutica, promover cambios de conducta, abordar situaciones de comunicación difícil y, especialmente, de tener un encuentro auténtico con el paciente y su familia. Por conclusión sin comunicación eficaz no hay encuentro, y sin encuentro, la relación clínica entre profesional y paciente se puede convertir en un intercambio de palabras vacías, de imposiciones de tratamientos, que difícilmente el paciente va a cumplir adecuadamente. Los tiempos cambian y la Medicina participativa va encontrando un lugar más adecuado en el entorno clínico.post-print361 K

Colecciones ex situ de planta viva para la conservación de la planta amenazada Silene hifacensis, Rouy ex Willk (Caryophyllaceae)

The establishment of seed orchards has allowed obtaining a great deal of germoplasm of Silene hifacensis, an endangered endemic Ibero-Balearic species. In four years, 3.958.531 seeds have been collected in our four seed orchards from a total of 570 plants/year per average, including all genetic variability from natural populations of this species in Alicante province (Illot of Mona, the Pessebret, Cova de les Cendres, Morro de Toix)