Метод паравазального эндоскопического склерозирования варикозно расширенных вен пищевода этоксисклеролом

Curs Chirurgie, facultatea Stomatologie, USMF „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Conferinţa naţională ştiinţifico-practică în domeniul otorinolaringologiei pediatrice, 30 octombrie 2009, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaThis study examines paravasal endoscopic sclerosation with 0.5% Aethoxysklerol in 66 patients aged 30-65 with hepatic cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Endoscopic paravasal sclerosation was done to produce primary and secondary prophylaxy of haemmorages. 29 patients suffered from hepatic cirrhosis in the subdegenerative stage and 37 the decompensated stage. After ESG the esophagian varices of the 2nd and 3rd degree were found in 24 patients, and in esophagean varices of the 3rd degree in 42. Cataral esophagitis was seen in 14 patients and erosive esophagitis in 52. The survival index for 6 months was 94.3%, 1 year - 80.0%, 3 years - 65.7%, and 6 years - 48.6%. The recurrence of of haemorrhage was not seen in the first six months, and in 1 year in 3.45% of the patients, in 3 years 11.5%, and 6 years 26.1%. Patients treated with paravasal endoscopic sclerosation with 0.5% Aethoxysklerol after one year showed a higher mortality rate due to gasro-esophagean causes. No complications after the endoscopic sclerosation were observed. Endoscopic sclerosation method with 0.5% Aethoxyklerol is an effective one for haemorrage profylaxy of esophagean varices.Исследование посвящено эндоскопическому склерозированию (ЭС) расширенных вен пищевода 0,5% раствором этоксисклерола у 66 больных циррозом печени и портальной гипертензией. Этой категории больных ЭС выполнено с целью профилактики первичных и вторичных кровотечений. Возраст больных колебался от 30 до 65 лет; из них 29 страдали циррозом печени в стадии субкомпенсации и 37 – циррозом печени в стадии декомпенсации. У 24 больных, при ФЭГДС, было выявлено варикозное расширение вен пишевода II-III ст. и у 42 – варикозно расширенные вены III ст. У 14 больных был выявлен катаральный эзофагит, а у 52 больных – эррозивный эзофагит. Индекс выживаемости до 6 месяцев составлял 94,3%, до 12 месяцев – 80,0%, до 3 лет – 65,7% и до 6 лет – 48,6%. До 6 месяцев рецидивов кровотечений выявлено не было, до 12 месяцев кровотечений было у 3,45% больных, до 3 лет – у 11,5% и до 6 лет – у 26,1% больных. Анализ смертности больных после ЭС этоксисклеролом в отдалëнные сроки показал, что после первого года наблюдения среди причин смерти превалируют рецидивы кровотечений из варикозно расширенных вен пишевода, связанные со снижением эффекта ЭС. Осложнений после ЭС не было выявлено. Таким образом, ЭС с использованием 0,5% раствора этоксисклерола – это надежный метод профилактики кровотечений из варикозно расширенных вен пишевода

Особенности начала анкилозирующего спондилита с поражениями глаз

Laboratorul Ştiinţific de Gerontologie, USMF „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Catedra Medicină Internă nr. 1, USMF “Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Conferinţa Ştiinţifico-Practică „Medicina modernă, actualităţi şi perspective”, consacrată aniversării de 40 de ani ai Spitalului Clinic al Ministerului Sănătăţii, 27-28 mai, 2010, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaThe study included 72 patients who were diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis according to Amor criteria variation of 1984, New York. The study group (Group 1) consisted of 52 patients with ocular affection in ankyalosing spondylitis, the control group (Group 2) - 20 patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis without eye lesions. Study results showed that ankylosing spondylitis begins at a young age comprising the 2nd and 3rd decades of life, with an early debut in patients with AS involving ocular alterations. The most common symptoms are morning stiffness, back pain and sacroiliac joints pain. The percentage varied in patients with or without eye symptoms.В исследование были включены 72 пациента с диагнозом анкилозирующий спондилоартрит по критериям Амор, 1984, Нью-Йорк. Основная группа состояла из 52 больных анкилозирующим спондилитом с проявлениями глазных симптомов, контрольная группа из 20 пациентов с анкилозирующим спондилоартритом без проявления глазных симптомов. Результаты исследования показали, что анкилозирующий спондилоартрит начинается в молодом возрасте в основном во 2-й и 3-й декадах жизни, с наличием глазных симптомов при более раннем начале заболевания. Самыми частыми симптомами заболевания были утренняя скованность, боли в спине и боли в крестцово-подвздошном суставе, которые были более выражены при наличии глазных симптомов

Демографические особенности пожилых людей в Молдове и корреляции с большими проблемами престарелых

Laboratorul Ştiinţific de Gerontologie, Spitalul Clinic al Ministerului Sănătăţii, Chişinău, Catedra medicină internă nr. 6, USMF „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Centrul Naţional de Geriatrie şi Gerontologie din Republica Moldova, Conferinţa Ştiinţifico-Practică „Medicina modernă, actualităţi şi perspective”, consacrată aniversării de 40 de ani ai Spitalului Clinic al Ministerului Sănătăţii, 27-28 mai, 2010, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaThe aim of this study was to determine the correlation between major geriatric syndromes and sex, social status, location. The survey included 669 residents aged over 65 years, the maximum age being 96 years. The study showed that the frequency of pathologies increases with age and that polypathology is one of the characteristics of the elderly person and represents 3 or more diseases, among which are predominantly cardiovascular and locomotor system pathologies, frequently accompanied by large geriatric syndromes (falls, psychiatric disorders, mood disorders, incontinences).Целью исследования было определить связь между основными проблемами престарелых их полом, социальным статусом и местом жительства. В исследование были включены 669 жителей республики в возрасте от 65 лет, максимальный возраст составлял 96 лет. Исследование показало, что частота различных патологий увеличивается с возрастом, а полипатология (3 и более заболеваний) является одной из характеристик пожилых лиц. В полипатологии преобладают сердечно-сосудистые заболевания и болезни опорнодвигательного аппарата, с часто встречающимися гериатрическими синдромами (падения, психические расстройства, расстройства настроения, недержания)

The distribution of inverted repeat sequences in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome

Although a variety of possible functions have been proposed for inverted repeat sequences (IRs), it is not known which of them might occur in vivo. We investigate this question by assessing the distributions and properties of IRs in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) genome. Using the IRFinder algorithm we detect 100,514 IRs having copy length greater than 6 bp and spacer length less than 77 bp. To assess statistical significance we also determine the IR distributions in two types of randomization of the S. cerevisiae genome. We find that the S. cerevisiae genome is significantly enriched in IRs relative to random. The S. cerevisiae IRs are significantly longer and contain fewer imperfections than those from the randomized genomes, suggesting that processes to lengthen and/or correct errors in IRs may be operative in vivo. The S. cerevisiae IRs are highly clustered in intergenic regions, while their occurrence in coding sequences is consistent with random. Clustering is stronger in the 3′ flanks of genes than in their 5′ flanks. However, the S. cerevisiae genome is not enriched in those IRs that would extrude cruciforms, suggesting that this is not a common event. Various explanations for these results are considered

Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) Sequentially Shapes the NK Cell Repertoire during the Course of Asymptomatic Infection and Kaposi Sarcoma

The contribution of innate immunity to immunosurveillance of the oncogenic Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8) has not been studied in depth. We investigated NK cell phenotype and function in 70 HHV8-infected subjects, either asymptomatic carriers or having developed Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Our results revealed substantial alterations of the NK cell receptor repertoire in healthy HHV8 carriers, with reduced expression of NKp30, NKp46 and CD161 receptors. In addition, down-modulation of the activating NKG2D receptor, associated with impaired NK-cell lytic capacity, was observed in patients with active KS. Resolution of KS after treatment was accompanied with restoration of NKG2D levels and NK cell activity. HHV8-latently infected endothelial cells overexpressed ligands of several NK cell receptors, including NKG2D ligands. The strong expression of NKG2D ligands by tumor cells was confirmed in situ by immunohistochemical staining of KS biopsies. However, no tumor-infiltrating NK cells were detected, suggesting a defect in NK cell homing or survival in the KS microenvironment. Among the known KS-derived immunoregulatory factors, we identified prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as a critical element responsible for the down-modulation of NKG2D expression on resting NK cells. Moreover, PGE2 prevented up-regulation of the NKG2D and NKp30 receptors on IL-15-activated NK cells, and inhibited the IL-15-induced proliferation and survival of NK cells. Altogether, our observations are consistent with distinct immunoevasion mechanisms that allow HHV8 to escape NK cell responses stepwise, first at early stages of infection to facilitate the maintenance of viral latency, and later to promote tumor cell growth through suppression of NKG2D-mediated functions. Importantly, our results provide additional support to the use of PGE2 inhibitors as an attractive approach to treat aggressive KS, as they could restore activation and survival of tumoricidal NK cells

IL-1R8 is a checkpoint in NK cells regulating anti-tumour and anti-viral activity

Interleukin-1 receptor 8 (IL-1R8, also known as single immunoglobulin IL-1R-related receptor, SIGIRR, or TIR8) is a member of the IL-1 receptor (ILR) family with distinct structural and functional characteristics, acting as a negative regulator of ILR and Toll-like receptor (TLR) downstream signalling pathways and inflammation. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells which mediate resistance against pathogens and contribute to the activation and orientation of adaptive immune responses. NK cells mediate resistance against haematopoietic neoplasms but are generally considered to play a minor role in solid tumour carcinogenesis. Here we report that IL-1R8 serves as a checkpoint for NK cell maturation and effector function. Its genetic blockade unleashes NK-cell-mediated resistance to hepatic carcinogenesis, haematogenous liver and lung metastasis, and cytomegalovirus infection

Temporal profiling of the coding and noncoding murine cytomegalovirus transcriptomes

The global transcriptional program of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), involving coding, noncoding, and antisense transcription, remains unknown. Here we report an oligonucleotide custom microarray platform capable of measuring both coding and noncoding transcription on a genome-wide scale. By profiling MCMV wild-type and immediate-early mutant strains in fibroblasts, we found rapid activation of the transcriptome by 6.5 h postinfection, with absolute dependency on ie3, but not ie1 or ie2, for genomic programming of viral gene expression. Evidence is also presented to show, for the first time, genome-wide noncoding and bidirectional transcription at late stages of MCMV infection

NK/ILC1 cells mediate neuroinflammation and brain pathology following congenital CMV infection

Congenital human cytomegalovirus (cHCMV) infection of the brain is associated with a wide range of neurocognitive sequelae. Using infection of newborn mice with mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) as a reliable model that recapitulates many aspects of cHCMV infection, including disseminated infection, CNS infection, altered neurodevelopment, and sensorineural hearing loss, we have previously shown that mitigation of inflammation prevented alterations in cerebellar development, suggesting that host inflammatory factors are key drivers of neurodevelopmental defects. Here, we show that MCMV infection causes a dramatic increase in the expression of the microglia-derived chemokines CXCL9/CXCL10, which recruit NK and ILC1 cells into the brain in a CXCR3-dependent manner. Surprisingly, brain-infiltrating innate immune cells not only were unable to control virus infection in the brain but also orchestrated pathological inflammatory responses, which lead to delays in cerebellar morphogenesis. Our results identify NK and ILC1 cells as the major mediators of immunopathology in response to virus infection in the developing CNS, which can be prevented by anti-IFN-γ antibodies

The European antibody network's practical guide to finding and validating suitable antibodies for research

Antibodies are widely exploited as research/diagnostic tools and therapeutics. Despite providing exciting research opportunities, the multitude of available antibodies also offers a bewildering array of choice. Importantly, not all companies comply with the highest standards, and thus many reagents fail basic validation tests. The responsibility for antibodies being fit for purpose rests, surprisingly, with their user. This paper condenses the extensive experience of the European Monoclonal Antibody Network to help researchers identify antibodies specific for their target antigen. A stepwise strategy is provided for prioritising antibodies and making informed decisions regarding further essential validation requirements. Web-based antibody validation guides provide practical approaches for testing antibody activity and specificity. We aim to enable researchers with little or no prior experience of antibody characterization to understand how to determine the suitability of their antibody for its intended purpose, enabling both time and cost effective generation of high quality antibody-based data fit for publication