(IN) EFFICIENCY OF RESOCIALIZATION PURPOSES THROUGH THE HIGH SCHOOL INSTITUTION IN THE BRAZILIAN PENITENTIARY SYSTEM

O presente trabalho versa sobre a finalidade do instituto pena no Direito Penal, buscando responder a problemática do desvirtuamento das finalidades de prevenção da reincidência criminal, punição pelo ato infracional e a ressocialização do criminoso, assim como foi instituída, pelo viés de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Porém, para tal objetivo, é necessário desenvolver um raciocínio desde o surgimento do Direito Penal, através de uma análise histórica. Também ressalta desenvolver uma análise do atual Direito Penal e Processual Penal e suas devidas aplicações para que, ao final, concluir-se como e de qual forma é possível que a finalidade da pena seja atingida. Através do viés dedutivo, a presente pesquisa se desenvolveu através de uma investigativa bibliográfica e, vale ressaltar a importância da presente proposta para a área jurídica, para que haja um despertar de uma nova visão da norma penal, portanto, o trabalho traz uma análise sobre as finalidades a que foi instituído a resposta do Estado ao criminoso, haja visto que sua aplicação resta prejudicada pelo ordenamento atual.The present work deals with the purpose of the institute sentence in Criminal Law, seeking to respond to the problem of the distortion of the purposes of prevention of criminal recidivism, punishment for the infraction act and the resocialization of the criminal, as it was instituted, due to the bias of a bibliographic research. However, for this purpose, it is necessary to develop a rationale since the emergence of Criminal Law, through a historical analysis. It is also important to develop an analysis of the current Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure and its due applications so that, in the end, it is concluded how and in what form it is possible that the purpose of the sentence is reached. It is worth emphasizing the importance of the present proposal for the legal area, so that there is an awakening of a new vision of the penal norm. Therefore, the work brings an analysis about the purposes for which the response of the State to the criminal was instituted, since its remains undermined by current legislation. &nbsp

RESPONSE TO INCREASING DOSES OF LIQUID BOVINE MANURE BIOFERTILIZER IN LETTUCE CULTIVATION

Liquid biofertilizers represent a renewable, low-cost, and effective source of nutrients for reducing chemical fertilizers, especially in short-cycle vegetables such as lettuce. The aim of the study was to evaluate agronomic variables of the crisp lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., cv. Vanda), produced using different doses of bovine liquid biofertilizer. The treatments consisted in foliar application of mineral fertilization and liquid biofertilizer, at the concentrations 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80%. The following parameters were evaluated: head diameter, total fresh mass of the aerial part, number of leaves, stem length, diameter and weight. The treatments with liquid biofertilizer showed significantly superior results compared to the treatment with mineral fertilization. The treatments with liquid biofertilizer (concentration of 20 to 80%) showed significantly superior results in relation to the treatment with conventional fertilization. By the technique of regression for quantitative variables, significant results were obtained, which indicated that the increase in the dose resulted in increment in the agronomic variables. The application of liquid bovine biofertilizer proves the possible substitution of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of lettuce

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Seleção de Transformações Baseada em Estatística

Entre diversas transformações providas por um compilador é um desafio, até mesmo para o mais experiente programador, saber quais gerarão o melhor código alvo para determinado código fonte. Neste contexto, o desenvolvimento de um seletor automatizado de boas transformações é um desafio nos dias atuais.Tendo em vista a problemática da seleção automática de transformações, o objetivo deste artigo é descrever uma abordagem estatística para selecionar boas transformações para um determinado código fonte.O uso da abordagem estatística apresentada neste trabalho, apesar de simples, é capaz de obter bons resultados. Em um conjunto com 10 programas, o speedup médio alcançado, em relação à abordagem mais agressiva da LLVM foi de 1,0514 indicando um ganho de 5,14. No piorcaso a abordagem proposta obteve um speedup igual a 1 e no melhor caso de 1,19, indicandoum ganho de 0% e 19%, respectivamente

ECONOMIC INJURY LEVEL OF CITRUS BLACK-FLY IN COMMERCIAL ‘PERA-RIO’ ORANGE AREA

<div><p>ABSTRACT Citrus black-fly (Aleurocanthus woglumi) has become an important pest in many citrus-producing regions in Brazil, causing direct and indirect damage to plants. Due to the lack of studies on the economic injury level (EIL) for this insect, control efficiency can be impaired. The objective of this research was to determine the EIL and the influence on the productivity of orange trees colonized by A. woglumi nymphs in an orchard located in the municipality of Capitao-Poço, Pará, using statistical analysis and damage prediction models through multivariate statistics. Population levels varied along the experiment. Infestation by A. woglumi nymphs negatively influenced orange production in Capitao-Poço with the highest population densities of the pest associated to lower plant productivity. The level of A. woglumi infestation on orange trees resulting in economic losses was, on average, 47.63% of infested plants, ranging from 22.75 to 89.92% and EIL is expressed by equation Y = 97.39 – 8.43x.</p></div

Antinociceptive Activity and Toxicity Evaluation of the Fatty Oil from Plukenetia polyadenia Mull. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)

Seed oil (Pp-oil) of Plukenetia polyadenia is used by native people of the Brazilian Amazon against arthritis and rheumatism, spreading it on the arms and legs to reduce the pain and inflammation. Pp-oil was obtained by pressing dried seeds at room temperature to give a 47.0% yield of oil. It was then subjected to fatty acid composition analysis. The principal fatty acids were linoleic acid (46.5%), α-linolenic acid (34.4%) and oleic acid (13.9%). Then, it was evaluated for its antinociceptive activity in mice, using the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, hot plate and formalin test models. Additionally, its toxicity was determined. The Pp-oil proved to have no toxicological effects, showing dose-dependent antinociceptive effect under chemical stimulation. At oral doses of 25–100 mg/kg, Pp-oil significantly reduced the abdominal writhes in the writhing test. A higher oral dose of 200 mg/kg did not induce alterations in the latency time of the hot plate test when compared to the control, suggesting an analgesic activity of peripheral origin. At oral doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, the Pp-oil significantly reduced the second phase of the algic stimulus in the formalin test. In addition, the antinociception of Pp-oil was reversed by naloxone in the evaluation of its mechanism of action. Therefore, the Pp-oil proved to be safe at very high doses and to show significant analgesic properties. The role of Pp-oil is still being investigated with respect the mechanism of action, but the results suggest that opiod receptors could be involved in the antinociception action observed for the oil of P. polyadenia