Musiikin oppimateriaalit murrosvaiheessa:kerronnallinen tutkimus musiikin sähköisten oppimateriaalien ja oppimisympäristöjen käytöstä ja niiden kehittämisestä peruskoulun musiikintunneilla

Tiivistelmä. Tutkin musiikin sähköisten oppimateriaalien ja oppimisympäristöjen käyttöä sekä niiden kehittämistä peruskoulun musiikintunneilla musiikinopettajien haastatteluiden pohjalta. Yhteiskunta on teknologistunut ja siten tuonut uusia nyky-yhteiskunnan kansalaiselta vaadittavia taitoja ja muuttanut esimerkiksi käsityksiä oppimisesta. Jotta suomalainen peruskoulutus olisi laadukasta tulevaisuudessakin, koulujen tulee pysyä muutoksen perässä päivittäen esimerkiksi oppimateriaaleja ja oppimisympäristöjä nykyisten oppijoiden ja opettajien tarpeita vastaaviksi. Tutkimukseni on laadullinen tutkimus, jossa on käytetty kerronnallista lähestymistapaa. Tutkimuksen aineisto muodostuu kuuden musiikinopettajan kerronnallisesta teemahaastattelusta ja aineiston olen analysoinut laadullisen sisällönanalyysin teoriaohjaavalla analyysimuodolla. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että sähköisten oppimateriaalien käyttö musiikintunneilla on lisääntynyt ja ne koetaan sopivan parhaiten nykyisen musiikinopetuksen tarpeisiin. Sähköisten oppimateriaalien käyttö tuo musiikinopetukseen uudenlaisia sisällöllisiä ratkaisuja, minkä vuoksi niillä katsotaan olevan vahva yhteys myös oppilaiden parempaan opiskelumotivaatioon sekä kiinnostukseen musiikin opiskelua kohtaan. Opettajat kaipaavat opetukseensa selkeää, ajankohtaista ja laadukasta musiikin sähköistä oppimateriaalia. Oppimateriaalin tulisi olla yhdessä paikassa sähköisesti saatavilla ja sen tulisi kattaa kaiken opetuksessa tarvittavan materiaalin. Tutkimuksessa nousi esiin tulevaisuuden oppimateriaalina opettajan ja oppilaan omat sähköiset materiaalipankit, jotka keventäisivät opettajien työtaakkaa ja toisivat koulujen eriarvoiseen oppimateriaalitilanteeseen helpotusta. Kuitenkin käsitykset siitä, mitä sähköisellä oppimateriaalilla tulevaisuudessa tarkoitetaan, ovat muuttuneet esimerkiksi oppimisympäristöjen laajentuessa tieto- ja viestintäteknologiseen ulottuvuuteen. Haasteita oppimateriaalien kehittämiseen tuovat kuntien ja koulujen erilaiset resurssit esimerkiksi laitteiden käytön suhteen, minkä vuoksi aihetta olisi tärkeää tutkia jatkossakin erityisesti tästä näkökulmasta

Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Use of Forage Maize under Different Nitrogen Application Rates in Two Boreal Locations

Research focusing on the nitrogen (N) application and N use of forage maize (Zea mays L.) in the boreal region is either limited or non-existent. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of yield, quality and N recovery efficiency (NRE) of forage maize to an increase in the N application rate and different climatic conditions in two locations in Finland. The field experiment was conducted in southern (Helsinki; 60° N) and central (Maaninka; 63° N) Finland in 2019 and 2020. Dry matter (DM) yield, forage quality and NRE were determined for N application rates of 100, 150 and 200 N kg ha−1. The DM yield was similar to all studied N application rates. Moreover, there were no marked differences in the studied forage quality traits or the NRE following the N application rates. However, the NRE of maize was generally low at 45%. The current study recommends a N application rate of 100–150 N kg ha−1 for forage maize in the boreal region. There is no need to increase the N application from current recommendations since climate conditions seem to limit the growth, development and NRE of forage maize. The observed low NRE of forage maize warrants further research in the future

Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Use of Forage Maize under Different Nitrogen Application Rates in Two Boreal Locations

Research focusing on the nitrogen (N) application and N use of forage maize (Zea mays L.) in the boreal region is either limited or non-existent. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of yield, quality and N recovery efficiency (NRE) of forage maize to an increase in the N application rate and different climatic conditions in two locations in Finland. The field experiment was conducted in southern (Helsinki; 60° N) and central (Maaninka; 63° N) Finland in 2019 and 2020. Dry matter (DM) yield, forage quality and NRE were determined for N application rates of 100, 150 and 200 N kg ha−1. The DM yield was similar to all studied N application rates. Moreover, there were no marked differences in the studied forage quality traits or the NRE following the N application rates. However, the NRE of maize was generally low at 45%. The current study recommends a N application rate of 100–150 N kg ha−1 for forage maize in the boreal region. There is no need to increase the N application from current recommendations since climate conditions seem to limit the growth, development and NRE of forage maize. The observed low NRE of forage maize warrants further research in the future

Effect of Policies to Accelerate the Adoption of Battery Electric Vehicles in Finland—A Delphi Study

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transport contribute significantly to climate change. Some of the transport policies with the greatest potential to mitigate climate change are related to zero-emission vehicles. This study aimed to analyse the different factors, and their importance, influencing purchase decisions for battery electric vehicles (BEV). Experts’ perceptions were collected with a Delphi study consisting of a two-round survey to assess factors that would increase the probability of a petrol- or diesel-car owner purchasing a BEV in Finland in the year 2025. Increasing the possibilities for home charging and the provision of a purchase subsidy were seen as the most important factors. Public fast charging and the difference in use costs between current technology vehicles and BEVs were also recognised as important factors. Existing systems of financial instruments and policies must be constantly evaluated and updated due to the evolving BEV industry

Pushing the Frontiers of Biodiversity Research: Unveiling the Global Diversity, Distribution, and Conservation of Fungi

Fungi comprise approximately 20% of all eukaryotic species and are connected to virtually all life forms on Earth. Yet, their diversity remains contentious, their distribution elusive, and their conservation neglected. We aim to flip this situation by synthesizing current knowledge. We present a revised estimate of 2–3 million fungal species with a “best estimate” at 2.5 million. To name the unknown >90% of these by the end of this century, we propose recognition of species known only from DNA data and call for large-scale sampling campaigns. We present an updated global map of fungal richness, highlighting tropical and temperate ecoregions of high diversity. We call for further Red List assessments and enhanced management guidelines to aid fungal conservation. Given that fungi play an inseparable role in our lives and in all ecosystems, and considering the fascinating questions remaining to be answered, we argue that fungi constitute the next frontier of biodiversity research

Sustainability of cellulose dissolution and regeneration in 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate : a batch simulation of the IONCELL-F process

The recyclability of 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0] non-5-enium acetate ([DBNH][OAc]), as a direct dissolution solvent for cellulose, was evaluated during laboratory scale recycling trials. The main objective was to simulate the conditions of a spinning bath from a Lyocell-type air-gap spinning process, called the IONCELL-F process. The saline solution was then concentrated, recycled and reused as many times as possible before cellulose dissolution was no longer possible. The chemical compositions of the ionic liquid and pulp were recorded throughout the experiments. The results of the experiments showed that [DBNH][OAc] can be recycled from aqueous media with an average recovery rate of 95.6 wt% using basic laboratory equipment, without any further process intensification or optimisation. The recycling of the ionic liquid did not change the chemical composition or degree of polymerisation of the recovered pulp but the colour of the regenerated pulps gradually darkened as the recycling times increased. The ionic liquid was found to hydrolyse 6.0-13.6 mol% per cycle, under these conditions. The build-up of the hydrolysis product, 3-( aminopropyl)-2-pyrrolidonium acetate, killed the dissolution feature at between 30.6-45.6 wt% hydrolysis product. The enzymatic digestibility of the regenerated pulp samples was studied with both a monocomponent endoglucanase and a cellulase mixture. The amount of residual [DBNH][OAc] in the regenerated pulps was determined, by both NMR and capillary electrophoresis. Although hydrolysis of the ionic liquid occurs, this study clearly shows potential for industrial application, with appropriate process equipment and recycling conditions.Peer reviewe

In-situ characterization of the Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier tubes used in the DEAP-3600 experiment

The Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier-tube (PMT) is a novel high-quantum efficiency PMT. It is currently used in the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector and is of significant interest for future dark matter and neutrino experiments where high signal yields are needed. We report on the methods developed for in-situ characterization and monitoring of DEAP's 255 R5912-HQE PMTs. This includes a detailed discussion of typical measured single-photoelectron charge distributions, correlated noise (afterpulsing), dark noise, double, and late pulsing characteristics. The characterization is performed during the detector commissioning phase using laser light injected through a light diffusing sphere and during normal detector operation using LED light injected through optical fibres

The microstructure and technological properties of ultra high strength 1100MPa grade strip steel

The article describes the microstructure and the technological properties of a direct quenched ultrahighstrength strip steel with the minimum specific yield strength of 1100MPa. The microstructure of thislow carbon, Mn-Cr-Mo-Cu-Ni alloyed steel consists mainly of auto-tempered lath martensite. Due to thesophisticated thermo-mechanical controlled processing schedule, the martensite transformation takesplace from a fine and uniform austenite grain structure. State-of-the-art steelmaking and continuous castingoperations guarantee a good inclusion cleanness and low level of segregation. The steel has excellent impactand fracture toughness properties with respect to its ultra-high strength level. The determined transitiontemperature for 28J in Charpy-V test and fracture toughness characteristic temperature, T0, were below-100°C. The weldability tests indicated that the impact toughness of the heat affected zone (HAZ) is excellentand there is no significant softening in the HAZ or in the welded joint in the wide range of t8/5 cooling times.The steel allows crack-free bending with a minimum inside bending radius equal to 3 times material thicknessirrespective of the bending direction. In addition, the steel has a good resistance to atmospheric corrosion

Finding needles in haystacks: linking scientific names, reference specimens and molecular data for Fungi

DNA phylogenetic comparisons have shown that morphology-based species recognition often underestimates fungal diversity. Therefore, the need for accurate DNA sequence data, tied to both correct taxonomic names and clearly annotated specimen data, has never been greater. Furthermore, the growing number of molecular ecology and microbiome projects using high-throughput sequencing require fast and effective methods for en masse species assignments. In this article, we focus on selecting and re-annotating a set of marker reference sequences that represent each currently accepted order of Fungi. The particular focus is on sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region in the nuclear ribosomal cistron, derived from type specimens and/or ex-type cultures. Re-annotated and verified sequences were deposited in a curated public database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), namely the RefSeq Targeted Loci (RTL) database, and will be visible during routine sequence similarity searches with NR_prefixed accession numbers. A set of standards and protocols is proposed to improve the data quality of new sequences, and we suggest how type and other reference sequences can be used to improve identification of Fungi

Improving Photoelectron Counting and Particle Identification in Scintillation Detectors with Bayesian Techniques

Many current and future dark matter and neutrino detectors are designed to measure scintillation light with a large array of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The energy resolution and particle identification capabilities of these detectors depend in part on the ability to accurately identify individual photoelectrons in PMT waveforms despite large variability in pulse amplitudes and pulse pileup. We describe a Bayesian technique that can identify the times of individual photoelectrons in a sampled PMT waveform without deconvolution, even when pileup is present. To demonstrate the technique, we apply it to the general problem of particle identification in single-phase liquid argon dark matter detectors. Using the output of the Bayesian photoelectron counting algorithm described in this paper, we construct several test statistics for rejection of backgrounds for dark matter searches in argon. Compared to simpler methods based on either observed charge or peak finding, the photoelectron counting technique improves both energy resolution and particle identification of low energy events in calibration data from the DEAP-1 detector and simulation of the larger MiniCLEAN dark matter detector.Comment: 16 pages, 16 figure