The interview in the context of research and the F.I.S

Este trabajo se inscribe en el marco de la Investigación denominada “Actualización del Test Frases Incompletas de Joseph M. Sacks”, que se realiza en la Facultad de Psicología de la U.N.L.P. En esta oportunidad abordaremos la Entrevista dentro del quehacer cualitativo como una herramienta eficaz para desentrañar significaciones elaboradas por los sujetos mediante sus discursos, relatos y experiencias. Uno de los inconvenientes que presenta este instrumento es en el proceso previo a la aplicación de la misma, momento en que se requiere unificar criterios en la construcción metodológica del dato, para poder ser aplicada por uno o más investigadores, sin alterar los objetivos del estudio. Resulta clave, por lo tanto, reflexionar en cómo elaborar una entrevista de manera correcta, sobre todo su guión, lo cual incluye las preguntas pertinentes al objeto de estudio, que el entrevistador va a usar. La consecuencia esperada es la obtención de contenidos veraces por el proceso en sí y la dinámica que permitirá la correlación con las respuestas obtenidas en las 60 frases incompletas que el sujeto debe completar contestando lo primero que se le ocurra.This work is part of the research called “Update of the Joseph M. Sacks Incomplete Phrases Test”, which is carried out at the Faculty of Psychology of the U.N.L.P. In this opportunity we will approach the Interview within the qualitative task as an effective tool to unravel meanings elaborated by the subjects through their speeches, stories and experiences. One of the drawbacks of this instrument is in the process prior to its application, at which time it is required to unify criteria in the methodological construction of the data, in order to be applied by one or more researchers, without altering the objectives of the study. It is key, therefore, to reflect on how to prepare an interview correctly, especially its script, which includes the pertinent questions to the object of study, which the interviewer is going to use. The expected consequence is the obtaining of truthful content through the process itself and the dynamics that will allow the correlation with the answers obtained in the 60 incomplete sentences that the subject must complete by answering the first thing that comes to mind.Facultad de Psicologí

BRAF and MLH1 Analysis Algorithm for the Evaluation of Lynch Syndrome Risk in Colorectal Carcinoma Patients: Evidence-Based Data from the Analysis of 100 Consecutive Cases

settingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessFeature PaperArticle BRAF and MLH1 Analysis Algorithm for the Evaluation of Lynch Syndrome Risk in Colorectal Carcinoma Patients: Evidence-Based Data from the Analysis of 100 Consecutive Cases by Thais Maloberti 1,2,†ORCID,Antonio De Leo 1,2,†ORCID,Viviana Sanza 2,Lidia Merlo 2,Michela Visani 1ORCID,Giorgia Acquaviva 1,Sara Coluccelli 1,2ORCID,Annalisa Altimari 2,3,Elisa Gruppioni 2,3,Stefano Zagnoni 2,3,Daniela Turchetti 4,Sara Miccoli 4,Michelangelo Fiorentino 5,6ORCID,Antonietta D’Errico 3ORCID,Dario de Biase 7,*,‡ORCID andGiovanni Tallini 1,2,‡ORCID 1 Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Anatomic Pathology Unit-University of Bologna Medical Center, 40138 Bologna, Italy 2 Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy 3 Department of Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy 4 Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy 5 Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy 6 Pathology Department, Maggiore Hospital, 40133 Bologna, Italy 7 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. † These authors contributed equally to this work. ‡ These authors contributed equally to this work. J. Mol. Pathol. 2022, 3(3), 115-124; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmp3030011 Received: 30 March 2022 / Revised: 27 May 2022 / Accepted: 21 June 2022 / Published: 25 June 2022 (This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Journal of Molecular Pathology) Download Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract Several causes may lead to CRC, either extrinsic (sporadic forms) or genetic (hereditary forms), such as Lynch syndrome (LS). Most sporadic deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) CRC cases are characterized by the methylation of the MLH1 promoter gene and/or BRAF gene mutations. Usually, the first test performed is the mismatch repair deficiency analysis. If a tumor shows a dMMR, BRAF mutations and then the MLH1 promoter methylation status have to be assessed, according to the ACG/ASCO screening algorithm. In this study, 100 consecutive formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples of dMMR CRC were analyzed for both BRAF mutations and MLH1 promoter methylation. A total of 47 (47%) samples were BRAF p.V600E mutated, while MLH1 promoter methylation was found in 77 cases (77.0%). The pipeline “BRAF-followed-by-MLH1-analysis” led to a total of 153 tests, while the sequence “MLH1-followed-by-BRAF-analysis” resulted in a total of 123 tests. This study highlights the importance of performing MLH1 analysis in LS screening of BRAF-WT specimens before addressing patients to genetic counseling. We show that MLH1 analysis performs better as a first-line test in the screening of patients with LS risk than first-line BRAF analysis. Our data indicate that analyzing MLH1 methylation as a first-line test is more cost-effective

Road traffic pollution and childhood leukemia: a nationwide case-control study in Italy

Background The association of childhood leukemia with traffic pollution was considered in a number of studies from 1989 onwards, with results not entirely consistent and little information regarding subtypes. Aim of the study We used the data of the Italian SETIL case-control on childhood leukemia to explore the risk by leukemia subtypes associated to exposure to vehicular traffic. Methods We included in the analyses 648 cases of childhood leukemia (565 Acute lymphoblastic–ALL and 80 Acute non lymphoblastic-AnLL) and 980 controls. Information on traffic exposure was collected from questionnaire interviews and from the geocoding of house addresses, for all periods of life of the children. Results We observed an increase in risk for AnLL, and at a lower extent for ALL, with indicators of exposure to traffic pollutants. In particular, the risk was associated to the report of closeness of the house to traffic lights and to the passage of trucks (OR: 1.76; 95% CI 1.03–3.01 for ALL and 6.35; 95% CI 2.59–15.6 for AnLL). The association was shown also in the analyses limited to AML and in the stratified analyses and in respect to the house in different period of life. Conclusions Results from the SETIL study provide some support to the association of traffic related exposure and risk for AnLL, but at a lesser extent for ALL. Our conclusion highlights the need for leukemia type specific analyses in future studies. Results support the need of controlling exposure from traffic pollution, even if knowledge is not complete

La natura ha regole nascoste!

Un viaggio iconograficamente stupefacente tra scienza e arte nato grazie ai disegni degli alunni delle sezioni A e D della Scuola dell'Infanzia L'Aquilone (insegnanti Maurizia Merlo, Maria Rosaria De Rose) e sul filo di quanto osservato e sperimentato al Museo per la Storia dell’Università di Pavia. Nel cahier de voyage a leporello è illustrata la parte finale, artistica, del progetto "Raccontare la scienza: oggetti, immagini, suoni tra museo e scuola" nato su iniziativa di Lidia Falomo e Gabriele Albanesi e che ha coinvolto, come ogni anno, molte classi di scuole del territorio, di diverso ordine e grado. All’interno di un’unica comunità di apprendimento sono state svolte, in successione, visite al Museo storico e tre tipi di laboratorio: scientifico (L.Falomo e C. Garbarino), sonoro (G.Mocchi) e artistico (G.Albanesi), per raccontare la scienza attraverso la sua storia e con una completa integrazione con l'arte figurativa e il suono. In questo caso il percorso è partito dall’esplorazione del corpo, anche tramite una visita alla sezione di medicina del museo storico. Uno stetoscopio ha permesso di percepire meglio il respiro, un colpo di tosse, la voce dei gorgoglii della pancia e anche il battito del cuore. Il cuore può battere lento o veloce, ma non si ferma mai, ripetendo sempre il suo movimento ritmico, che diventa un suono costante. Il movimento del pendolo esprime un ritmo simile a quello del cuore: i bimbi sono riusciti a sonorizzarlo con la voce, producendo ritmi diversi a seconda della lunghezza della corda mentre, a turno, ciascuno si è trasformato in direttore d’orchestra, indicando il ritmo da eseguire con 1 o 2 dita della mano. Le lezioni di musica hanno permesso di sperimentare il ritmo utilizzando anche piccoli strumenti. La rappresentazione “visibile” del ritmo è partita utilizzando oggetti colorati per poi tradursi graficamente in macchie di colore, stampe di parti del corpo, numeri, scritte o sequenze ordinate che anticipano la scrittura musicale

Dose–response effect of pre-exercise carbohydrates under muscle glycogen unavailability: Insights from McArdle disease

Background This study aimed to determine the effect of different carbohydrate (CHO) doses on exercise capacity in patients with McArdle disease—the paradigm of “exercise intolerance”, characterized by complete muscle glycogen unavailability—and to determine whether higher exogenous glucose levels affect metabolic responses at the McArdle muscle cell (in vitro) level. Methods Patients with McArdle disease (n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 9) underwent a 12-min submaximal cycling constant-load bout followed by a maximal ramp test 15 min after ingesting a non-caloric placebo. In a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over design, patients repeated the tests after consuming either 75 g or 150 g of CHO (glucose:fructose, 2:1). Cardiorespiratory, biochemical, perceptual, and electromyographic (EMG) variables were assessed. Additionally, glucose uptake and lactate appearance were studied in vitro in wild-type and McArdle mouse myotubes cultured with increasing glucose concentrations (0.35, 1.00, 4.50, and 10.00 g/L). Results Compared with controls, patients showed the “classical” second-wind phenomenon (after prior disproportionate tachycardia, myalgia, and excess EMG activity during submaximal exercise, all p < 0.05) and an impaired endurance exercise capacity (–51% ventilatory threshold (VT) and –55% peak power output (PPO), both p < 0.001). Regardless of the CHO dose (p < 0.05 for both doses compared with the placebo), CHO intake increased blood glucose and lactate levels, decreased fat oxidation rates, and attenuated the second wind in the patients. However, only the higher dose increased VT (+27%, p = 0.010) and PPO (+18%, p = 0.007). In vitro analyses revealed no differences in lactate levels across glucose concentrations in wild-type myotubes, whereas a dose–response effect was observed in McArdle myotubes. Conclusion CHO intake exerts beneficial effects on exercise capacity in McArdle disease, a condition associated with total muscle glycogen unavailability. Some of these benefits were dose-dependent.Sin financiación12.2 Q1 JCR 20222.041 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE

intrface europe: A European Methology for Museum-School Collaboration and Coursework

This handbook is the result of the intrface europe project (2015-2017), which was funded by the Erasmus+ program. The following institutions were partners in the project: Horsens Gymnasium, the Danish Industrial Museum, Aarhus Katedralskole, Aarhus University (Denmark); Pavia University History Museum and Physics Department, Pavia University, ISS Taramelli Foscolo, Istituto Comprensivo di via Acerbi, Pavia (Italy), Chester Beatty Library, Dublin, St. Oliver’s Community College, Drogheda (Republic of Ireland). A main aim of the intrface europe project was the creation of a European methodology for securing pedagogically and didactically sound, innovative and productive partnerships between museum professionals and schoolteachers, who collaborate on an equal basis to create and carry out museum-based coursework for students, innovating and strengthening their own professional practices in the process. The intrface europe methodology provides teachers and museum professionals with guidelines for establishing long-lasting partnerships. It offers suggestions about how teachers and museum professionals can design and engage in concrete joint enterprises, e.g. co-creating educational activities for students. Bringing schools and museums into productive contact with each other and meshing the formal learning environment of the school with the informal learning environment of the museum challenges both groups of professionals to re-think their usual practices, thereby giving them a fresh perspective on their daily work routines. Partnerships where the partners work together on concrete projects that are relevant to their professional lives and practices ensure an effective form of life-long learning and the formation of a new community of practice at the interface joining their organizations. Coursework that involves using the museum as a knowledge and learning resource allows students to work in a new and innovative learning environment that calls for and enhances creative thinking, a variety of learning styles, and gives them an awareness and understanding of the multidisciplinarity of knowledge. Museums become accessible and relevant to students when their coursework takes place there, with museum staff and teachers working together to provide an immersive learning experience for them. Coursework like this also promotes learning within the eight EU key competences

Mutational spectrum of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Spain : Study of 284 cases Espectro mutacional de la distrofia muscular de Duchenne en España: estudio de 284 casos

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked recessive neuromuscular disease that affects one in 3500 live-born males. The total absence of dystrophin observed in DMD patients is generally caused by mutations that disrupt the reading frame of the DMD gene, and about 80% of cases harbour deletions or duplications of one or more exons. We reviewed 284 cases of males with a genetic diagnosis of DMD between 2007 and 2014. These patients were selected from 8 Spanish reference hospitals representing most areas of Spain. Multiplex PCR, MLPA, and sequencing were performed to identify mutations. Most of these DMD patients present large deletions (46.1%) or large duplications (19.7%) in the dystrophin gene. The remaining 34.2% correspond to point mutations, and half of these correspond to nonsense mutations. In this study we identified 23 new mutations in DMD: 7 large deletions and 16 point mutations. The algorithm for genetic diagnosis applied by the participating centres is the most appropriate for genotyping patients with DMD. The genetic specificity of different therapies currently being developed emphasises the importance of identifying the mutation appearing in each patient; 38.7% of the cases in this series are eligible to participate in current clinical trials

Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor/Quatsome Nanoconjugates: A Robust Topical Delivery System for Complex Wound Healing

A multitude of microparticles and nanoparticles is developed to improve the delivery of different small drugs and large biomolecules, which are subject to several hindering biological barriers that limit their optimal biodistribution and therapeutic effects. Here, a soft, reliable, and scalable method based on compressed CO2 is reported for obtaining nanoconjugates of recombinant human epidermal growth factor and nanovesicles called quatsomes, where the latter consists of cholesterol and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. These nanoconjugates exhibit appropriate values of the major critical quality attributes of colloidal nanomedicines, such as controlled and narrow nanoscopic particle size distribution (which play important roles in determining their stability), drug loading, drug release, drug protection, targeting ability, and bioactivity. Also, they exhibit a dual action by 1) inbuilt antimicrobial activity preventing infections and 2) promoting regeneration of granulation tissue and re‐epithelialization with complete closure of complex wounds. Therefore, such nanoconjugates are a potential nanomedicine for the topical treatment of complex wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcers and venous leg ulcers.L.F.‐T and H.S. contributed equally to this work. This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry/FEDER project MOTHER MAT2016–80826‐R; the Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN); the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017SGR918); and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness by the Severo Ochoa FUNFUTURE (CEX2019‐000917‐S) Excellence Centre distinction. This work was also co‐financed by the European Union through FEDER project NANONAFRES (COMRDI15‐1‐0023). The authors thank Milagros Font and Yenay Diaz from CIGB for technical assistance. The authors also thank the Industrial Doctorates Plan of Agaur‐Generalitat de Catalunya (2018 DI 057). Some figures of this work were created using Servier Medical Art templates, which are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.Peer reviewe

'Dunque non sognate, fate fatti non solo parole': Bernardino de Siena e a proposta franciscana de uma religião civil

Um dos expoentes máximos da Ordem franciscana no século XV, o frade Bernardino de Siena (1380-1444) firmou sua pregação na caritas intentando sua aplicação no horizonte social e político da civitas para promover o bem viver nas res publicae da Itália de seu tempo. Analisamos aqui a múltipla função política dessa caritas bernardiniana, buscando esclarecer sua relação com a pedagogia política, com valores civis, políticos e de mercado. Para uma compreensão mais completa do horizonte de aplicação dessa caritas, investigamos o alinhamento do frade com uma textualidade política e econômica franciscana produzida no século XIV, estabelecendo um paralelo com os valores e propostas civis, políticas e econômicas realizadas por Francisco Eiximenis (1330-1409), frade menor que atuou nos territórios ibéricos e sicilianos da Coroa catalão-aragonesa