4,713 research outputs found
Immunoglobulin M Is Required for Protection Against Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice
ITEP Test Trials for Detection Reliability Assessment of Metal Detectors
The total detection reliability of a mine-searching system is governed by the following three elements: Intrinsic capability, which describes the basic physical-technical capability of the method. Application factors, which include those due to environment. Human factor, which is the effect of human operators on the detection reliability.
Some of these can be determined in simple laboratory measurements in which the effect on detection capability of individual parameters is measured. However, the human factor and some aspects of the effects of environmental conditions on the system need to be treated statistically
Periodically kicked turbulence
Periodically kicked turbulence is theoretically analyzed within a mean field
theory. For large enough kicking strength A and kicking frequency f the
Reynolds number grows exponentially and then runs into some saturation. The
saturation level can be calculated analytically; different regimes can be
observed. For large enough Re we find the saturation level to be proportional
to A*f, but intermittency can modify this scaling law. We suggest an
experimental realization of periodically kicked turbulence to study the
different regimes we theoretically predict and thus to better understand the
effect of forcing on fully developed turbulence.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Phys. Rev. E., in pres
Inflammatory and blood gas markers of COVID-19 delirium compared to non-COVID-19 delirium: a cross-sectional study
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to find the association of inflammation and respiratory failure with delirium in COVID-19 patients. We compare the inflammatory and arterial blood gas markers between patients with COVID-19 delirium and delirium in other medical disorders. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used the CHART-DEL, a validated research tool, to screen patients for delirium retrospectively from clinical notes. Inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and white cell count (WBC), and the partial pressures of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2) were compared between patients with COVID-19 delirium and delirium in other medical disorders. RESULTS: In bivariate analysis, CRP (mg/L) was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group, (81.7â±â80.0 vs. 58.8â±â87.7, pâ=â0.04), and WBC (109/L) was significantly lower (7.44â±â3.42 vs. 9.71â±â5.45, pâ=â0.04). The geometric mean of CRP in the COVID-19 group was 140% higher in multiple linear regression (95% CI = 7-439%, pâ=â0.03) with age and sex as covariates. There were no significant differences in pO2 or pCO2 across groups. CONCLUSION: The association between higher CRP and COVID-19 in patients with delirium may suggest an inflammatory basis for delirium in COVID-19. Our findings may assist clinicians in establishing whether delirium is due to COVID-19, which may improve management and outcomes of infected patients
Circumstellar masers in the Magellanic Clouds
We have searched for 22 GHz H2O and 43/86/129 GHz SiO masers in bright IRAS
point sources in the SMC and LMC, to test whether the kinematics of the mass
loss from these stars depends on metallicity. H2O masers were detected in the
red supergiants IRAS04553-6825 and IRAS05280-6910, and tentatively in the
luminous IR object IRAS05216-6753 and the AGB star IRAS05329-6708. SiO masers
were detected in IRAS04553-6825. The outflow velocity increases between the H2O
masing zone near the dust-formation region and the more distant OH masing zone
from 18 to 26 km/s for IRAS04553-6825 and from 6 to 17 km/s for IRAS05280-6910.
The total sample of LMC targets is analysed in comparison with circumstellar
masers in the Galactic Centre. The photon fluxes of circumstellar masers in the
LMC are very similar to those in the Galactic Centre. The expansion velocities
in the LMC appear to be 20% lower than for similarly bright OH masers in the
Galactic Centre, but the data are consistent with no difference in expansion
velocity. OH/IR stars in the LMC appear to have slower accelerating envelopes
than OH/IR stars in the Galactic Centre. Masers in the LMC have blue-asymmetric
emission profiles. This may be due to the amplification of stellar and/or
free-free radiation, rather than the amplification of dust emission, and may be
more pronounced in low metallicity envelopes. SiO maser strength increases with
the photometric amplitude at 2.2 micron but is independent of the photometric
amplitude at 10 micron. This suggests a strong connection between shocks in the
dust-free SiO masing zone and the dust formation process. Appendices describe
H2O maser emission from R Dor in the Milky Way, optical echelle spectroscopy of
IRAS04553-6825, and the properties of masers in the Galactic Centre (Abridged).Comment: 19 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy &
Astrophysics Main Journa
Structure and Vibrations of the Vicinal Copper (211) Surface
We report a first principles theoretical study of the surface relaxation and
lattice dynamics of the Cu(211) surface using the plane wave pseudopotential
method. We find large atomic relaxations for the first several atomic layers
near the step edges on this surface, and a substantial step-induced
renormalization of the surface harmonic force constants. We use the results to
study the harmonic fluctuations around the equilibrium structure and find three
new step-derived features in the zone center vibrational spectrum. Comparison
of these results with previous theoretical work and weith experimental studies
using inelastic He scattering are reported.Comment: 6 Pages RevTex, 7 Figures in Postscrip
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Atmospheric super-rotation in solar system and extra-solar planetary atmospheres
Super-rotation is a common phenomenon in solar system planetary atmospheres. Out of the four substantial atmospheres possessed by solid bodies in the solar system, the slowly rotating planet, Venus, and moon, Titan, are both well-known to have atmospheres that rotate on average substantially more quickly than does the solid surface underneath. The more rapidly rotating planets, Mars and Earth, have much weaker global super-rotation, but both can exhibit time-varying prograde jets near the equator which rotate more rapidly than the local surface. Atmospheric super-rotation is not restricted to planets with solid surfaces and shallow atmospheres. Cloud-tracking observations of the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn show that they both possess rapid prograde equatorial jets and hence exhibit local super-rotation.
Simplified global circulation models of extra-solar planets, including representations of âhot Jupitersâ and Earth-like planets rotating at different rates, can also show sustained super-rotating equatorial jets in different dynamical regimes. In the extra-solar planet cases in particular, the quantitative results are highly sensitive to model parameters.
In each case the detailed mechanism, or combination of mechanisms, which produces the super-rotating jets might vary, but all require longitudinally asymmetric motions, waves or eddies, to transport angular momentum up-gradient into the jets. The mechanism is not always easy to diagnose from observations and requires careful modelling. We review both observations of solar system planets and recent global circulation model results, combined in the case of Mars and Earth in the form of atmospheric reanalyses by data assimilation, together with simplified extra-solar planet simulations
The chromosome region including the earliness per se locus Eps-Am1 affects the duration of early developmental phases and spikelet number in diploid wheat
Earliness per se genes are those that regulate flowering time independently of vernalization and photoperiod, and are important for the fine tuning of flowering time and for the wide adaptation of wheat to different environments. The earliness per se locus Eps-Am1 was recently mapped within a 0.8 cM interval on chromosome 1AmL of diploid wheat Triticum monococcum L., and it was shown that its effect was modulated by temperature. In this study, this precise mapping information was used to characterize the effect of the Eps-Am1 region on both duration of different developmental phases and spikelet number. Near isogenic lines (NILs) carrying the Eps-Am1-l allele from the cultivated accession DV92 had significantly longer vegetative and spike development phases (P <0.0001) than NILs carrying the Eps-Am1-e allele from the wild accession G3116. These differences were paralleled by a significant increase in the number of spikelets per spike, in both greenhouse and field experiments (Pâ<0.0001). Significant interactions between temperature and Eps-Am1 alleles were detected for heading time (Pâ<0.0001) but not for spikelet number (P=0.67). Experiments using NILs homozygous for chromosomes with recombination events within the 0.8 cM Eps-Am1 region showed that the differences in number of spikelets per spike were linked to the differences in heading time controlled by the Eps-Am1 locus. These results indicate that the differences in these two traits are either pleiotropic effects of a single gene or the effect of closely linked genes. A similar effect on spikelet number was detected in the distal region of chromosome 1AL in common wheat (T. aestivum L.)
Sensitivity and variability redux in hot-Jupiter flow simulations
We revisit the issue of sensitivity to initial flow and intrinsic variability in hot-Jupiter atmospheric flow simulations, originally investigated by Cho et al. (2008) and Thrastarson & Cho (2010). The flow in the lower region (~1 to 20 MPa) `dragged' to immobility and uniform temperature on a very short timescale, as in Liu & Showman (2013), leads to effectively a complete cessation of variability as well as sensitivity in three-dimensional (3D) simulations with traditional primitive equations. Such momentum (Rayleigh) and thermal (Newtonian) drags are, however, ad hoc for 3D giant planet simulations. For 3D hot-Jupiter simulations, which typically already employ strong Newtonian drag in the upper region, sensitivity is not quenched if only the Newtonian drag is applied in the lower region, without the strong Rayleigh drag: in general, both sensitivity and variability persist if the two drags are not applied concurrently in the lower region. However, even when the drags are applied concurrently, vertically-propagating planetary waves give rise to significant variability in the ~0.05 to 0.5 MPa region, if the vertical resolution of the lower region is increased (e.g. here with 1000 layers for the entire domain). New observations on the effects of the physical setup and model convergence in âdeepâ atmosphere simulations are also presented
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