La contribución de la ALFIN a la Ciencia Abierta

O campo de atuação da Ciência Aberta traduz-se num processo colaborativo, transparente, de disseminação, criação e de transferência de conhecimento, acessível à investigação e assente nos princípios do acesso aberto. Os diferentes agentes do processo de investigação, munidos de um conjunto de competências de literacia da informação, adquirem a aptidão, em ambientes de informação impressa ou digital, e tendo por base o seu próprio pensamento crítico e reflexivo, de transformar a informação em novo conhecimento. Este artigo explora a integração dos conceitos da Ciência Aberta na literacia da informação. Apresenta-se uma reflexão teórica que evidencia os contributos da literacia da informação em contexto académico e na dinâmica da produção de ciência. Conclui-se que a literacia da informação se assume como uma ferramenta de aprendizagem essencial para o desenvolvimento da Ciência Aberta, potenciando o entendimento crítico dos conteúdos, a par do desenvolvimento e do progresso da investigação.The scope of Open Science translates into a collaborative, transparent process of dissemination, creation, and transfer of knowledge, accessible to research and based on the principles of open access. The different agents of the research process, equipped with a set of information literacy skills, acquire the ability, in print or digital information environments, and based on their own critical and reflexive thinking, to transform information into new knowledge. This article explores the integration of Open Science concepts in information literacy. It presents a theoretical reflection that shows the contributions of information literacy in the academic context and in the dynamics of the production of science. It is concluded that information literacy is an essential learning tool for the development of Open Science, enhancing the critical understanding of content, as well as the development and progress of research.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A marine biodiversity observation network for genetic monitoring of hard-bottom communities (ARMS-MBON)

Marine hard-bottom communities are undergoing severe change under the influence of multiple drivers, notably climate change, extraction of natural resources, pollution and eutrophication, habitat degradation, and invasive species. Monitoring marine biodiversity in such habitats is, however, challenging as it typically involves expensive, non-standardized, and often destructive sampling methods that limit its scalability. Differences in monitoring approaches furthermore hinders inter-comparison among monitoring programs. Here, we announce a Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) consisting of Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) with the aim to assess the status and changes in benthic fauna with genomic-based methods, notably DNA metabarcoding, in combination with image-based identifications. This article presents the results of a 30-month pilot phase in which we established an operational and geographically expansive ARMS-MBON. The network currently consists of 20 observatories distributed across European coastal waters and the polar regions, in which 134 ARMS have been deployed to date. Sampling takes place annually, either as short-term deployments during the summer or as long-term deployments starting in spring. The pilot phase was used to establish a common set of standards for field sampling, genetic analysis, data management, and legal compliance, which are presented here. We also tested the potential of ARMS for combining genetic and image-based identification methods in comparative studies of benthic diversity, as well as for detecting non-indigenous species. Results show that ARMS are suitable for monitoring hard-bottom environments as they provide genetic data that can be continuously enriched, re-analyzed, and integrated with conventional data to document benthic community composition and detect non-indigenous species. Finally, we provide guidelines to expand the network and present a sustainability plan as part of the European Marine Biological Resource Centre (www.embrc.eu).Peer reviewe

Data from: Hydrodynamic regime determines the feeding success of larval fish through the modulation of strike kinematics

Larval fishes experience extreme mortality rates, with 99% of a cohort perishing within days after starting to actively feed. While recent evidence suggests that hydrodynamic factors contribute to constraining larval feeding during early ontogeny, feeding is a complex process that involves numerous interacting behavioural and biomechanical components. How these components change throughout ontogeny and how they contribute to feeding remain unclear. Using 339 observations of larval feeding attempts, we quantified the effects of morphological and behavioural traits on feeding success of Sparus aurata larvae during early ontogeny. Feeding success was determined using high-speed videography, under both natural and increased water viscosity treatments. Successful strikes were characterized by Reynolds numbers that were an order of magnitude higher than those of failed strikes. The pattern of increasing strike success with increasing age was driven by the ontogeny of traits that facilitate the transition to higher Reynolds numbers. Hence, the physical growth of a larva plays an important role in its transition to a hydrodynamic regime of higher Reynolds numbers, in which suction feeding is more effective

Data from: Missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis of HIV in patients that presented with advanced HIV disease: a retrospective cohort study

OBJECTIVE: To quantify and characterize missed opportunities for earlier HIV diagnosis in patients diagnosed with advanced HIV. DESIGN: A retrospective observational cohort study. SETTING: A central tertiary medical center in Israel. MEASURES: The proportion of patients with advanced HIV, the proportion of missed opportunities to diagnose them earlier, and the rate of clinical indicator diseases (CIDs) in those patients RESULTS: Between 2010-2015, 356 patients were diagnosed with HIV, 118 (33.4 %) were diagnosed late, 57 (16%) with advanced HIV disease. Old age (OR=1.45 [95% CI 1.16-1.74]) and being heterosexual (OR=2.65 [95% CI 1.21-5.78]) were significant risk factors for being diagnosed late. All patients with advanced disease had at least one CID that did not lead to an HIV test in the 5 years prior to AIDS diagnosis. The median time between CID and AIDS diagnosis was 24 month (IQR 10-30). 60% of CIDs were missed by a general practitioner and 40% by a specialist. CONCLUSIONS: Missed opportunities to early diagnosis of HIV occur both in primary and secondary care. Lack of national guidelines, lack of knowledge regarding CIDs and communication barriers with patients may contribute to HIV late diagnosis. 'Strengths and limitations of this study' This study shows for the first time rate and reasons for missed opportunities to diagnose HIV in a low prevalence country like Israel. This study may shed light on the reasons why primary care physicians or specialists are missing to diagnose HIV earlier. Nonexistence of clear national guidelines for HIV testing and ignoring HIV clinically indicator diseases are major reasons for missed diagnosis of HIV. This study was carried out in one center and may not reflect the picture in the all country; Also, the total number of patients is low and this may limit generability of the stud

Feeding kinematics of S. aurata obtained with the 3D system

Feeding kinematics of 93 feeding attempts of S. aurata on rotifers, obtained with the 3D system. larval age is in Days Post Hatching (DPH). time to minimal prey distance (MPD) is in units of TTPG cycles

Feeding kinematics of S. aurata, obtained with the continuous high speed system

Feeding kinematics in 246 feeding attempts of S. aurata on rotifers, obtained with the continuous high speed system. larval age is in Days Post Hatching (DPH). viscosity is relative to that of of unmanipulated sea water (at 19 deg C). time to minimal prey distance (MPD) is in units of TTPG cycles

Attitudes, perceptions and knowledge among men who have sex with men towards the blood donation deferral policy in Israel

<div><p>Background</p><p>Men who have sex with men (MSM) are permanently deferred from donating blood in Israel. Pressure to change this policy exists, despite data showing higher prevalence and incidence of HIV in MSM. A survey was conducted to evaluate current knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and compliance if deferral was changed.</p><p>Study design and methods</p><p>Anonymous survey was published in a gay-oriented website, collecting demographic information, history of blood donation, attitudes, knowledge and compliance with permanent versus temporary deferral. Responses were analyzed given 1 point for every "yes" response (0–7 points). Student’s t-test was applied to compare differences between continuous variables. Correlations were described with the Pearson correlation coefficient.</p><p>Results</p><p>Responses from 492 MSM were analyzed. Average age was 31±9 years. 76% donated blood at least once, mostly for social solidarity (score of 3.2 on 1–5 scale). Tests seeking or protest scores were 1.7 and 1.6, respectively. 66% were unaware of the higher risk of HIV transmission by MSM, or the potential to infect 3 recipients. Knowledge regarding HIV transmission by blood positively correlated with knowledge regarding other routes of HIV transmission (r = 0.11; p = 0.03), age (r = 0.10; p = 0.04), and higher rate of non-compliance with the current deferral policy (OR = 1.9; p = 0.02). Activism for LGBT rights was associated with lower risk for non-adherence (OR = 0.5; p = 0.03). If temporary deferral is introduced 66% will comply with the new policy, but 23% will continue to donate as long as MSM deferral policy is in place.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>A high proportion of MSM do not comply with the current lifetime deferral. This may partially change if temporary deferral is introduced.</p></div

Reasons for blood donation.

<p>In this figure the reasons for blood donation according to their importance for the individual donor is shown.</p