Savigné – Grottes du Chaffaud

Identifiant de l'opération archéologique : 204866 Date de l'opération : 2009 (SD) Le gisement préhistorique est situé dans la commune de Savigné au lieu-dit « Le Chaffaud », sur la rive droite de la Charente. Découvert en 1834 par André Brouillet, le site du Chaffaud est un vaste complexe du Paléolithique supérieur. Au total quatre grottes contiguës ont livré un abondant mobilier du Magdalénien moyen et supérieur ainsi que de nombreuses oeuvres d’art, dont la plus célèbre est « l’os aux biche..

Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

: Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants

Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants.Peer reviewe

Etude des alluvions du Clain à Saint-Georges-Lès-Baillargeaux (Vienne). Année 2018. Rapport de sondage

Cette étude porte sur la terrasse alluviale au niveau d'un paléoméandre du Clain au lieu dit la Gratteigne à Saint-Georges-Lès-Baillargeaux dans la Vienne, ainsi que sur son contenu paléolithique (industries et faunes). Les dépôts alluviaux et les sols de couverture visibles au niveau d'un paléoméandre du Clain à Saint-Georges-lès-Baillargeaux forment une importante séquence sédimentaire de plus de 17 m sans équivalent dans la région. Ces dépôts constituent une opportunité de recherches qui ne se présentera pas longtemps car les carrières sont épuisées et progressivement rebouchées avec des matériaux issus de la démolition de bâtiments et d'installations diverses de l'agglomération de Poitiers. Leur intérêt est d'autant plus grand que cette séquence comporte des industries acheuléennes et moustériennes assez bien documentées grâce aux efforts d'un chercheur amateur, Maurice Taillet qui, à partir des années 1940 et durant près d'un demi siècle, a recueilli dans les diverses carrières une importante collection d'objets lithiques acheuléens, aujourd'hui déposée au Musée Sainte-Croix de Poitiers. Cette campagne 2018 était la dernière des trois années d'effort qui furent nécessaires pour remettre au jour la quasi totalité des dépôts de versant et des dépôts fluviatiles. L'importante opération d'excavation a nécessité l'utilisation d'une pelleteuse sur chenilles de 21t afin de dégager les gravas qui refermaient la carrière. A l'issue de cette campagne, le substrat n'a pas été atteint mais il est très proche du fond du sondage (à env. 1 à 1,5 m). Ainsi, nous considérons que nous avons recueilli la totalité de l'information du point de vue sédimentologique et chronostatigraphique (datations par correspondance avec les stades isotopiques et datations absolues)

Nouvelles données paléontologiques de la grotte de La Marche (Pléistocène supérieur, Lussac-les-Châteaux, Vienne)

International audienceLa grotte de La Marche découverte en 1937 par L. Péricard a fait l’objet de plusieurs campagnes de fouilles, initiées d’abord par L. Péricard lui-même, associé à S. Lwoff vers la fin des années 1930, et conduites ensuite par L. Pradel dans les années 1960 et J. Airvaux entre 1988 et 1993. L’unique niveau du Magdalénien moyen (daté radiométriquement 14280 ± 160 ans B.P.) a livré un ensemble exceptionnel de plaquettes gravées à représentation humaine et à figuration animalière, mais aussi un assemblage diversifié de vertébrés comprenant des dents humaines. Notre étude a été menée sur les résidus de tamis de 400 kg de matériel inédit issu des campagnes de fouilles et conservé au musée Sainte-Croix de Poitiers, qui ont été triés et identifiés au sein de l’iPHEP. Les données obtenues sont concordantes avec la liste faunique établie par Pradel en 1960 et Airvaux et al. en 1999, mais permettent de mettre en évidence à partir de restes dentaires l’occurrence de nouveaux taxons de mammifères tels que les carnivores Panthera,Felis et Crocuta, les genres Sus et Castor et également des Phocidae identifiés par deux dents jugales. Outre cette faune, nous avons identifié quelques plaques de carapace de chéloniens dulçaquicoles (Emys), associées à des restes d’éléments mobiliers (tels que des perles de parure, des silex, des boules d’ocre et du charbon) et de matériel humain comprenant quelques dents définitives et déciduales, des phalanges, un fragment fémoral et un fragment de maxillaire

Noncentrosymmetric Cu(II) Layered Hydroxide: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Nonlinear Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Cu 2 (OH) 3 (C 12 H 25 SO 4 )

International audienceSingle-crystals of the layered copper hydroxide dodecylsulfate Cu2(OH)3(C12H25SO4) have been obtained for the first time, by controlled hydrolysis of an aqueous copper acetate solution. Interestingly this compound crystallizes in a non-centrosymmetric space group (P21, a = 5.591(10) Å, b = 6.108(11) Å, c = 26.96(5) Å, = = 90°, = 92.76°), which is further confirmed by non-linear optical measurements. Within the course of the synthesis, a probable intermediat

Noncentrosymmetric Cu(II) Layered Hydroxide: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Nonlinear Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Cu 2 (OH) 3 (C 12 H 25 SO 4 )

International audienceSingle-crystals of the layered copper hydroxide dodecylsulfate Cu2(OH)3(C12H25SO4) have been obtained for the first time, by controlled hydrolysis of an aqueous copper acetate solution. Interestingly this compound crystallizes in a non-centrosymmetric space group (P21, a = 5.591(10) Å, b = 6.108(11) Å, c = 26.96(5) Å, = = 90°, = 92.76°), which is further confirmed by non-linear optical measurements. Within the course of the synthesis, a probable intermediat

Layered Simple Hydroxides Functionalized by Fluorene-Phosphonic Acids: Synthesis, Interface Theoretical Insights, and Magnetoelectric Effect

International audienceCopper- and cobalt-based layered simple hydroxides (LSH) are successfully functionalized by a series of fluorene mono- and diphosphonic acids, using anionic exchange reactions and a preintercalation strategy. The lateral functionalization of the fluorene moieties has only little impact on the overall structure of the obtained layered hybrid materials but it influences the organization of the molecules within the interlamellar spacing. For bulky fluorene (9,9-dioctyl derivative), luminescence is preserved when inserted into copper and cobalt hydroxydes, whereas it is completely quenched for the other fluorenes. Detailed characterization of the internal structure and chemical bonding properties for copper- and cobalt-based hybrids is performed via ancillary experimental techniques. For the copper-based LSH class, for which more elusive findings are found, first-principles molecular dynamics simulations unravel the fundamental stabilizing role of the H-bonding network promoted within the local environments of the fluorene mono- and diphosphonic acids. The cobalt series of compounds constitute a new class of hybrid magnets, with ordering temperatures ranging from 11.8 to 17.8 K and show a clear magnetoelectric effect. This effect appears above a threshold magnetic field, which is null below the magnetic ordering temperature, and it persists in the paramagnetic regime till about 110 K

Layered Simple Hydroxides Functionalized by Fluorene-Phosphonic Acids: Synthesis, Interface Theoretical Insights, and Magnetoelectric Effect

International audienceCopper- and cobalt-based layered simple hydroxides (LSH) are successfully functionalized by a series of fluorene mono- and diphosphonic acids, using anionic exchange reactions and a preintercalation strategy. The lateral functionalization of the fluorene moieties has only little impact on the overall structure of the obtained layered hybrid materials but it influences the organization of the molecules within the interlamellar spacing. For bulky fluorene (9,9-dioctyl derivative), luminescence is preserved when inserted into copper and cobalt hydroxydes, whereas it is completely quenched for the other fluorenes. Detailed characterization of the internal structure and chemical bonding properties for copper- and cobalt-based hybrids is performed via ancillary experimental techniques. For the copper-based LSH class, for which more elusive findings are found, first-principles molecular dynamics simulations unravel the fundamental stabilizing role of the H-bonding network promoted within the local environments of the fluorene mono- and diphosphonic acids. The cobalt series of compounds constitute a new class of hybrid magnets, with ordering temperatures ranging from 11.8 to 17.8 K and show a clear magnetoelectric effect. This effect appears above a threshold magnetic field, which is null below the magnetic ordering temperature, and it persists in the paramagnetic regime till about 110 K