Single-mode Bragg gratings in tapered few-modes and multimode fibers

We propose the implementation of fiber Bragg gratings in tapered few-modes, and multimode fibers to accomplish single-mode operation by reducing the core diameter while preserving the core-cladding structure. Gratings present a single reflection band and the device show low insertion losses after the taper fabrication and the fiber Bragg gratings inscription. The excitation of high order odd-modes in the core of the fiber has been identified as the main loss mechanism; it can be prevented by means of symmetric illumination of the fibers. We also demonstrate the excitation of high order cladding modes (cladding-air modes) along the taper transitions; these modes can be removed without a significant increment of the insertion loss

Levantamiento del velo corporativo. Panorama y perspectivas. El caso colombiano

Son múltiples y constantes los debates que se han dado en la comunidad jurídica nacional sobre permitir que los socios o accionistas de una sociedad respondan directamente con su patrimonio por las acreencias de la persona jurídica a través de la utilización de la "teoría del levantamiento del velo corporativo". Dada la importancia de este tema, expertos colombianos de primer nivel se reúnen en esta obra para exponer sus puntos de vista sobre la aplicación de esta institución en Colombia. Adicionalmente, este libro incluye el informe de ejecución del proyecto de investigación , adelantado por la línea de investigación en Derecho Comercial del Grupo de Derecho Privado de la Facultad de Jurisprudencia, el cual fue financiado por el Centro de Investigaciones, Estudios y Consultoría (CIEC) de la Universidad del Rosario.Dada la importancia de este tema, expertos colombianos de primer nivel se reúnen en esta obra para exponer sus puntos de vista sobre la aplicación de esta institución en Colombia

An ultrahot Neptune in the Neptune desert

About 1 out of 200 Sun-like stars has a planet with an orbital period shorter than one day: an ultrashort-period planet. All of the previously known ultrashort-period planets are either hot Jupiters, with sizes above 10 Earth radii (R⊕), or apparently rocky planets smaller than 2 R⊕. Such lack of planets of intermediate size (the ‘hot Neptune desert’) has been interpreted as the inability of low-mass planets to retain any hydrogen/helium (H/He) envelope in the face of strong stellar irradiation. Here we report the discovery of an ultrashort-period planet with a radius of 4.6 R⊕ and a mass of 29 M⊕, firmly in the hot Neptune desert. Data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite revealed transits of the bright Sun-like star LTT 9779 every 0.79 days. The planet’s mean density is similar to that of Neptune, and according to thermal evolution models, it has a H/He-rich envelope constituting 9.0^(+2.7)_(−2.9)% of the total mass. With an equilibrium temperature around 2,000 K, it is unclear how this ‘ultrahot Neptune’ managed to retain such an envelope. Follow-up observations of the planet’s atmosphere to better understand its origin and physical nature will be facilitated by the star’s brightness (V_(mag) = 9.8)

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Maternal air pollution exposure and adverse neonatal outcomes. Protocol of a scoping review

Introduction Infant mortality, low birth weight, impaired lung development, later respiratory morbidity and alterations in immune development were associated wirh maternal air pollution exposure. Consecuense of these pregnancy outcomes are increased risk of death in the first month of life, growth retardation, lower IQ and metabolic diseases in adulthood in evidence from China &amp; Australia. Frequency of reported outcomes and the nature, type or extent of evidence in the rest of the world on adverse neonatal outcomes is unclear. Objective To assess the nature, type and extent of evidence related to maternal air pollution exposure and adverse neonatal outcomes Methodology Scoping Literature Review will be conducted. Complete protocol was developed and is avaibable upon request. We search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Virtual Health Library PAHO. We search for all research designs describing maternal air pollution exposure and adverse neonatal outcomes. At least two independent reviewers screen titles and abstracts according to inclusión criteria. Data extraction phase will be carry on a form. No risk of bias assessment will be performed. Search strategies will be reported, including number of references examined, duplicates removed, &amp; full text papers reviewed according to PRISMA-P extention for Scoping. Results will be presented as a "map" of the data in the form of diagrams and tables, including Investigator, year, Country, Date, Objetive, Epidemiological design, Analysis, Population characteristics, Outcomes. We will use Rayyan and Colab interactive environment to support self-learning projects, data analysis. Results We get 12398 articles, full text reviewed 302 and extracted information according forms. Most frequent outcomes include LBW then were grouped by pollutant agent and outcome. Social Impact This Scoping Literature Review will help identifying existing evidence related to maternal air pollution exposure and adverse neonatal outcomes suggesting potential modifiable factors to reduce adverse events after prove effectiveness through research hypotheses

Bimetallic Ruthenium Nitrosyl Complexes with Enhanced Two‐Photon Absorption Properties for Nitric Oxide Delivery

International audienceOne monometallic and three bimetallic ruthenium nitrosyl (RuNO) complexes are presented and fully characterized in reference to a parent monometallic complex of formula [FTRu(bpy)(NO)]3+, where FT is a fluorenyl-substituted terpyridine ligand, and bpy the 2,2’-bipyridine. These new complexes are built with the new ligands FFT, TFT, TFFT, and TF-CC-TF (where an alkyne C≡C group is inserted between two fluorenes). The crystal structures of the bis-RuNO2 and bis-RuNO complexes built from the TFT ligand are presented. The evolution of the spectroscopic features (intensities and energies) along the series, at one-photon absorption (OPA) correlates well with the TD-DFT computations. A spectacular effect is observed at two-photon absorption (TPA) with a large enhancement of the molecular cross-section (σTPA), in the bimetallic species. In the best case, σTPA is equal to 1523±98 GM at 700 nm, in the therapeutic window of transparency of biological tissues. All compounds are capable of releasing NO⋅ under irradiation, which leads to promising applications in TPA-based drug delivery

Investigación 3 - PS160 - 202102

Descripción: El presente curso es el tercero de los cuatro cursos de investigación del programa de Psicología. Es de carácter práctico y está dirigido a todos los estudiantes del décimo primer ciclo, sin importar la especialidad a la que pertenezcan. En el presente curso se continúa con el avance del trabajo de investigación del estudiante, enfocándose en el análisis de los datos recogidos previamente y en el reporte de los resultados de la investigación siguiendo los estándares de la American Psychological Association (APA). Como parte de este trabajo de análisis de datos se hace uso de herramientas estadísticas o de análisis temático/contenido dependiendo del enfoque metodológico de la investigación (cuantitativo o cualitativo). Propósito: El presente curso es especialmente importante para el alumno ya que tiene como propósito permitir que el estudiante pueda analizar los datos de investigación recogidos previamente y reportar los resultados encontrados. Esto significa seguir adelante en la obtención de una investigación que pueda ser sustentada para 1la obtención del título profesional de psicólogo, y posteriormente publicada a modo de artículo científico. El curso contribuye directamente al desarrollo de la competencia general de Razonamiento Cuantitativo al nivel 3 de logro y la competencia específica de Investigación al nivel 4 de logro. Tiene como prerrequisito el curso de Investigación 2