2D-TCAD Simulation on Retention Time of Z2FET for DRAM Application

Traditional memory devices are facing more challenges due to continuous down-scaling. 6T-SRAM suffers from variability [1-2] and reliability [3-4] issues, which introduce cell stability problems. DRAM cells with one transistor, one capacitor (1T1C) struggle to maintain refresh time [5-6]. Efforts have been made to find new memory solutions, such as one transistor (1T) solutions [7-9]. Floating body based memory structures are among the potential candidates, but impact ionization or band-to-band tunnelling (B2BT) limits their refresh time [10]. A recently proposed zero impact ionization and zero subthreshold swing device named Z2FET [9, 11-12] has been demonstrated and is a promising candidate for 1T DRAM memory cell due to technology advantages such as CMOS technology compatibility, novel capacitor-less structure and sharp switching characteristics. In the Z2FET memory operation, refresh frequency is determined by data retention time. Previous research [11-12] is lacking systematic simulation analysis and understanding on the underlying mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a new simulation methodology to accurately extract retention time in Z2FET devices and understand its dependency on applied biases, temperatures and relevant physical mechanisms. Since the stored ‘1’ state in Z2FET is an equilibrium state [9, 11-12] and there is no need to refresh, we will concentrate on state ‘0’ retention. Two types of ‘0’ retention time: HOLD ‘0’ and READ ‘0’ retention time will be discussed separately

Sal y salud, el punto de vista del consumidor argentino obtenido por la técnica de grupos focales

The consumption of high levels of salt (NaCl) is associated with hypertension, and possible development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to explore consumers’ understanding of salt in their daily diet, their perceptions and knowledge about health implications and actions to reduce salt intake. Four focus groups were conducted (31 participants): one with university students, two with working adults and one older woman’s group. Some participants were not aware of salt content of food whereas others demonstrated an awareness of salt in food, the role of salt as a preservative, affecting taste and health implications. Reducing consumption of salt tended to be a reactive event when personal/family health events took place rather than a proactive behaviour. Participants tended to consider their own consumption of salt as low/moderate but those who they lived with were perceived to have a high intake based only on table salt. The three adult focus groups expressed concerns about adding salt. Alternatives to salt such as seasonings/spices could be used as strategies to reduce its consumption. At the population level campaigns involving schools and mass media were suggested. Only university students raised the need to involve the food industry and food processors in reducing salt consumption

Interaction Between Hot Carrier Aging and PBTI Degradation in nMOSFETs: Characterization, Modelling and Lifetime Prediction

Modelling of the interaction between Hot Carrier Aging (HCA) and Positive Bias Temperature Instability (PBTI) has been considered as one of the main challenges in nanoscale CMOS circuit design. Previous works were mainly based on separate HCA and PBTI instead of Interacted HCA-PBTI Degradation (IHPD). The key advance of this work is to develop a methodology that enables accurate modelling of IHPD through understanding the charging/discharging and generation kinetics of different types of defects during the interaction between HCA and PBTI. It is found that degradation during alternating HCA and PBTI stress cannot be modelled by independent HCI/PBTI. Different stress sequence, i.e. HCA-PBTI-HCA and PBTI-HCA-PBTI, lead to completely different degradation kinetics. Based on the Cyclic Anti-neutralization Model (CAM), for the first time, IHPD has been accurately modelled for both short and long channel devices. Complex degradation mechanisms and kinetics can be well explained by our model. Our results show that device lifetime can be underestimated by one decade without considering interaction

Modification of characters linked to Cucurbita maxima domestication. Using morphometry as a tool for identification

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en reconocer patrones de variación morfométrica –mediante la aplicación de análisis multivariado para tamaño y forma- en semillas de C. maxima que sean diagnósticos para formas domesticadas, silvestres e híbridas actuales, a fin de aplicarlos a la identificación de semillas arqueológicas. Para lograr este objetivo se midieron con calibre digital 1317 semillas de las formas antedichas y de nueve sitios arqueológicos de Argentina y Perú. Se exploró el patrón de variación entre las mismas en tamaño y forma mediante análisis multivariado. Se identificó una tendencia general hacia la disminución de la variabilidad en forma y tamaño a lo largo del tiempo, con una primera etapa donde se mantuvieron ejemplares híbridos, generándose nuevas formas y una segunda donde se mantuvieron los rasgos de momentos previos y el aumento del tamaño de las semillas

Guía para la intubación con fibrobroncoscopio en un Hospital Universitario

ResumenIntroducciónEl recurso del fibrobroncoscopio como instrumento para la intubación traqueal es relativamente reciente en nuestro medio. Su disponibilidad es cada vez mayor y por ello los anestesiólogos deben entrenarse suficientemente en el uso de este equipo. Conocer y dominar una técnica, respetando cada uno de sus pasos, es el primer paso para la realización exitosa de un procedimiento.ObjetivoEn la presente guía se describe la técnica utilizada en para la intubación con fibrobroncoscopio en el Hospital Universitario del Valle Evaristo García.MetodologíaEl artículo se basa en la revisión de la literatura, la experiencia de los autores y un foro de discusión.ResultadosSe presenta la guía para la intubación con fibrobroncoscopio en el Hospital Universitario del Valle Evaristo García. Se describe la técnica para la construcción de una máscara para la ventilación del paciente durante el procedimiento de intubación traqueal con la utilización del fibrobroncoscopio.AbstractIntroductionThe use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy as a tool for tracheal intubation is relatively new in our setting. Its availability has been increasing, and hence the need for anesthetists to receive adequate training in the use of this device. Knowledge and mastery intuof this technique, following all the necessary steps, is the starting point for the successful performance of a procedure.ObjectiveThese guidelines describe the technique for intubation using the fiberoptic bronchoscope at the Evaristo García University Hospital of the Colombian Department of Valle.MethodologyThis paper is based on a review of the literature, the authors’ experience, and a discussion forum.ResultsPresentation of the guidelines for intubation using fiber optic bronchoscope at the Evaristo García University Hospital. Description of the technique for constructing a mask for patient ventilation during tracheal intubation under fiberoptic bronchoscopy

Estudio de tres técnicas de concentración de proteína para la determinación del perfil proteico en Condensado de Aire Exhalado

Comunicaciones a congreso