Nanomateriais Plasmônicos: Parte III: Mecanismos de formação e métodos de síntese

In addition to the series of articles related to metallic nanoparticles applied to plasmonics, the aim of this review is to discuss the main factors that influence the process of obtaining this type of material. Thus, the article is divided into two main parts: 1) Mechanism, in which a general idea is given regarding the evolution of the concepts involved in the steps of nucleation and growth of metallic nanoparticles, as well as a discussion on the parameters that favor the control of the reaction by kinetics or thermodynamics. Additionally, the main strategies used for composition and shape control, also a brief explanation about the surface of the obtained products are presented. 2) Synthesis, in this section, the main methodologies for obtaining metallic nanoparticles on a laboratory scale are demonstrated, namely those in batch and by electrochemical routes, in addition to the discussion on flow methods, which is believed to be the most effective and viable strategy for obtaining nanoparticles on a large scale.Em complemento à série de artigos relacionada a nanopartículas metálicas aplicadas em plasmônica, o objetivo desta revisão é transcorrer sobre os principais fatores que influenciam no processo de obtenção desse tipo de material. Dessa forma, o artigo se divide em duas partes principais: 1) Mecanismo, em que é dado uma ideia geral a respeito da evolução dos conceitos envolvidos nas etapas de nucleação e crescimento de nanopartículas metálicas, assim como, uma discussão sobre os parâmetros que favorecem o controle da reação por via cinética ou termodinâmica. Adicionalmente, as principais estratégias utilizadas para controle de composição e forma, além de uma breve explanação sobre a química da superfície dos produtos obtidos também são apresentadas. 2) Síntese, nesta seção são demonstradas as principais metodologias para a obtenção de nanopartículas metálicas em escala laboratorial, sendo elas, as em batelada e por via eletroquímica, além da discussão sobre os métodos em fluxo, que, acredita-se ser a estratégia mais eficiente e viável para a obtenção de nanopartículas em larga escala

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Sobre feitiços e ritos: enfermidade e cura nas reduções jesuítico-guaranis (século 17) On spells and rites: illness and cures in the Jesuitic-Guarani mission settlements (17th century)

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal apresentar as altera- ções nas práticas mágico-terapêuticas empregadas pelos Guarani, em decorrência do projeto jesuítico de civilização e de conversão que previa a concentração dos indígenas em reduções e a normatização de suas manifestações rituais e religiosas.<br>This article has the main objective to introduce the alterations in the Guarani.s magic- therapeutic practices, resulting of Jesuit.s converting and civilization project, which demanded the concentration of the Indians in mission settlements and the regulation of ritual and devotional expressions