Les Eurogames 5 - un analyseur de l'évolution du réseau sportif gay et lesbien français

L'organisation des Eurogames 5 à Paris (juin 1997) met en lumière la transformation du profil des associations sportives gaies et lesbiennes. Ces Eurogames constituent un analyseur original des processus par lesquels un groupe stigmatise impulse un nouvel usage social des activités physiques et sportives. C'est cette gestation, conduisant à ces nouvelles conceptions du sport gai, qui fait ici l'originalité de l'analyse. En France, le sport gai a dix ans. Si jusqu'à présent, il pouvait se définir dans l'axiome « pour vivre heureux, vivons cachés », il semble qu'un virage s'est amorcé depuis trois ans avec l'arrivée de nouvelles associations sportives qui n'hésitent pas à s'afficher à rendre visible leur marquage homosexuel à travers leurs noms, leurs statuts et leurs actions auprès des pouvoirs politiques. Ces Eurogames sont l'occasion pour ces associations d'exprimer leur vision de ce qu'est ou doit être le sport gai et lesbien. Cet affichage, récent dans le milieu sportif gai, est révélateur de l'évolution vers une affirmation identitaire de la communauté homosexuelle en France. Le sport constitue un terrain d'exercice du pouvoir où des rapports sociaux de sexe et de genre sont produits et reproduits, où tout un système de valeurs est perpétué mais où s'expriment des résistances donnant lieu à de nouvelles significations. Cet investissement du domaine sportif par les gais et lesbiennes soulève des interrogations quant à la capacité de la problématique sportive à articuler de façon dynamique, la reproduction et la transformation du social et contribue ainsi à l'élaboration d'une sociologie générative du sport.The organization of EuroGames 5 in Paris (June 1997) illuminates important changes taking place within gay and lesbian sports associations. These Eurogames allow for an original analysis of processes through which stigmatized groups propose a new social use of sports and physical activities. In France, gay sports started ten years ago and were marked by the axiom “be happy, be in the closet”. The last tree years, however have been characterised by a new vision since “out” sports associations have been established. Such associations are keen about appearing in public, about being visibly gay through their names, their structure and by law, and their political involvement. EuroGames 5 provide the opportunity for these associations to express their different views about what is and what should be gay and lesbian sport. This recent visibility within the gay sport sphere reveals an evolution of the French homosexual community toward identity affirmation. Sports constitute a field of power within which social relations of sex/gender are produced and reproduced, wherein a value system is perpetuated but also wherein resistances are expressed and offer new significations. The investment of sport sphere by gays and lesbians raises questions about the capacity of sports to allow for social changes as well as reproduction. These questions, in turn, contribute to further develop a “generative” sociology of sport

Les Eurogames 5 - un analyseur de l'évolution du réseau sportif gay et lesbien français

L'organisation des Eurogames 5 à Paris (juin 1997) met en lumière la transformation du profil des associations sportives gaies et lesbiennes. Ces Eurogames constituent un analyseur original des processus par lesquels un groupe stigmatise impulse un nouvel usage social des activités physiques et sportives. C'est cette gestation, conduisant à ces nouvelles conceptions du sport gai, qui fait ici l'originalité de l'analyse. En France, le sport gai a dix ans. Si jusqu'à présent, il pouvait se définir dans l'axiome « pour vivre heureux, vivons cachés », il semble qu'un virage s'est amorcé depuis trois ans avec l'arrivée de nouvelles associations sportives qui n'hésitent pas à s'afficher à rendre visible leur marquage homosexuel à travers leurs noms, leurs statuts et leurs actions auprès des pouvoirs politiques. Ces Eurogames sont l'occasion pour ces associations d'exprimer leur vision de ce qu'est ou doit être le sport gai et lesbien. Cet affichage, récent dans le milieu sportif gai, est révélateur de l'évolution vers une affirmation identitaire de la communauté homosexuelle en France. Le sport constitue un terrain d'exercice du pouvoir où des rapports sociaux de sexe et de genre sont produits et reproduits, où tout un système de valeurs est perpétué mais où s'expriment des résistances donnant lieu à de nouvelles significations. Cet investissement du domaine sportif par les gais et lesbiennes soulève des interrogations quant à la capacité de la problématique sportive à articuler de façon dynamique, la reproduction et la transformation du social et contribue ainsi à l'élaboration d'une sociologie générative du sport.The organization of EuroGames 5 in Paris (June 1997) illuminates important changes taking place within gay and lesbian sports associations. These Eurogames allow for an original analysis of processes through which stigmatized groups propose a new social use of sports and physical activities. In France, gay sports started ten years ago and were marked by the axiom “be happy, be in the closet”. The last tree years, however have been characterised by a new vision since “out” sports associations have been established. Such associations are keen about appearing in public, about being visibly gay through their names, their structure and by law, and their political involvement. EuroGames 5 provide the opportunity for these associations to express their different views about what is and what should be gay and lesbian sport. This recent visibility within the gay sport sphere reveals an evolution of the French homosexual community toward identity affirmation. Sports constitute a field of power within which social relations of sex/gender are produced and reproduced, wherein a value system is perpetuated but also wherein resistances are expressed and offer new significations. The investment of sport sphere by gays and lesbians raises questions about the capacity of sports to allow for social changes as well as reproduction. These questions, in turn, contribute to further develop a “generative” sociology of sport

Willingness-to-pay for road safety improvement

Few studies have explored, to date, the issue of the monetary valuation of non-fatal injuries caused by road traffic accidents. The present paper arises interest in this question and aims to estimate, by means of the contingent valuation, the willingness to pay (WTP) of French households to improve their road safety level and reduce their risk of non-fatal injuries following a road accident. More precisely, Logit and Tobit models will be estimated to identify the factors influencing the individual will to pay. The results highlight the significant and positive influence of the injury severity on the WTP of the participants. The direct or indirect experience of road traffic accidents seems to play an important role and positively influences the valuation of the non-fatal injuries

Trends and drivers of CO2 parameters, from 2006 to 2021, at a time-series station in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic (6°S, 10°W)

The seawater fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) has been monitored hourly at an instrumented mooring at 6°S, 10°W since 2006. The mooring is located in the South Equatorial Current and is affected by the equatorial Atlantic cold tongue. This site is characterized by large seasonal sea surface temperature variations (>4°C). The fCO2 is measured by a spectrophotometric sensor deployed at about 1.5 meters deep. Measurements of seawater fCO2, sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) are used to calculate total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) and pH. Total alkalinity (TA) is calculated using an empirical relationship with SSS determined for this region. Satellite chlorophyll-a concentrations at 6°S, 10°W are low (<0.2 mg m-3) but some peaks over 0.8 mg m-3 are sometimes detected in August. Nevertheless, the site is a permanent source of CO2 to the atmosphere, averaging 4.7 ± 2.4 mmol m-2d-1 over 2006-2021. Despite the weakening of the wind, the CO2 flux increases significantly by 0.20 ± 0.05 mmol m-2d-1 yr-1. This suggests that the source of CO2 is increasing in this region. This is explained by seawater fCO2 increasing faster than the atmospheric increase during 2006-2021. Most of the seawater fCO2 increase is driven by the increase of TCO2, followed by SST. The fCO2 increase leads to a pH decrease of -0.0030 ± 0.0004 yr-1. The SST anomalies (SSTA) at 6°S, 10°W are correlated to the Tropical Southern Atlantic (TSA) index and to the Atlantic 3 region (ATL3) index with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.75. The strong positive phase of both ATL3 and TSA, observed towards the end of the time-series, is likely contributing to the strong increase of seawater fCO2

Proposal for a Standardization of Mathematical Function Implementation in Floating-Point Arithmetic

Some aspects of what a standard for the implementation of the mathematical functions could be are presented. Firstly, the need for such a standard is motivated. Then the proposed standard is given. The question of roundings constitutes an important part of this paper: three levels are proposed, ranging from a level relatively easy to attain (with fixed maximal relative error) up to the best quality one, with correct rounding on the whole domain of every function. We do not claim that we always suggest the right choices, or that we have thought about all relevant issues. The mere goal of this paper is to raise questions and to launch the discussion towards a standard

Outgassing of CO2 dominates in the coastal upwelling off the northwest African coast

The Eastern Boundary Upwelling System off northwest Africa is among the most productive regions of the ocean. In 2019, two merchant ships equipped with an underway CO2 system sampled the region following exactly the same track from 10°N to 36°N. We determine the sources and sinks of CO2 and the seasonal cycle along the track. A weak permanent upwelling (WPU), a permanent upwelling (PU) and an open ocean regions are identified. The WPU (26°N to 33°N) is a source of CO2 in summer and autumn, and a sink of CO2 in winter and spring. Thermodynamic warming and cooling processes mainly drive the CO2 variations in this region. The PU (20°N to 26°N) is a sink of CO2 in spring and a source of CO2 in other seasons. This region is the most productive and exhibits the largest variability of the CO2 flux. The supply of CO2 from subsurface waters dominate over the carbon uptake by biology, which leads to a strong outgassing, especially in winter and autumn. A sink of CO2 occurs in spring only in the PU. Near Cape Blanc (20°N) in July 2019, a source of CO2 is observed around 20°N within ± 1° of latitude and becomes a sink of CO2 a few days later when the ship samples back the same area. South of 18°N, out of the influence of the coastal upwelling, the region is a sink of CO2 in winter only and the region is mainly controlled by physical processes. Using voyages from 2010 to 2022, seawater fCO2 significantly increases at a rate ranging from 1.82 μatm yr−1 to 2.10 μatm yr−1 close to the atmospheric increase. This is associated with a pH decrease between 0.0016 to 0.0022 yr−1. Nevertheless, there is no clear trend of the CO2 flux in any region

Leveraging study of robustness and portability of spoken language understanding systems across languages and domains: the PORTMEDIA corpora

International audienceThe PORTMEDIA project is intended to develop new corpora for the evaluation of spoken language understanding systems. The newly collected data are in the field of human-machine dialogue systems for tourist information in French in line with the MEDIA corpus. Transcriptions and semantic annotations, obtained by low-cost procedures, are provided to allow a thorough evaluation of the systems' capabilities in terms of robustness and portability across languages and domains. A new test set with some adaptation data is prepared for each case: in Italian as an example of a new language, for ticket reservation as an example of a new domain. Finally the work is complemented by the proposition of a new high level semantic annotation scheme well-suited to dialogue data

Alkalinity, inorganic carbon and CO2 flux variability during extreme rainfall years (2010-2011) in two polluted tropical estuaries NE Brazil

The susceptibility of coastal environments to shifts in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients driven by anthropogenic pressure and climate change is a real challenge for the scientific community. This paper evaluated the effects of an extreme rainfall event over the nutrients and carbonate parameters in two polluted tropical estuaries. Surface water samples were taken seasonally along a salinity gradient in the Capibaribe and Barra de Jangadas estuaries in order to investigate the spatial and seasonal variability of dissolved nutrients, chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, inorganic carbon, partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and CO2 fluxes. The increased riverine influence caused by the fluvial flooding during the extremely rainy season augmented the nitrogen concentrations in the plumes, which also presented reduced salinity, alkalinity and dissolved oxygen values. In the Capibaribe plume it has also shifted the mean CO2 flux value of - 4.01 mmolC m-2 d-1 during the dry season, to a positive mean flux of + 5.7 mmolC m-2 d-1 during the rainy season. Within the estuaries the BOD5,20 and dissolved phosphorus values were higher during the dry season (pA suscetibilidade dos ambientes costeiros às mudanças nos ciclos biogeoquímicos do carbono e nutrientes impulsionados pela pressão antrópica e mudanças climáticas é um verdadeiro desafio para a comunidade científica. Este artigo avaliou os efeitos de um evento de precipitação extrema sobre os parâmetros de oxigênio, nutrientes e do sistema carbonato em dois estuários tropicais poluídos. As amostras de água superficial foram retiradas sazonalmente ao longo de um gradiente de salinidade nos estuários do Capibaribe e Barra de Jangadas, a fim de investigar a variabilidade espacial e sazonal dos nutrientes dissolvidos, clorofila-a, oxigênio dissolvido, alcalinidade total, carbono inorgânico, pressão parcial de CO2 (pCO2) e fluxos de CO2. O aumento da influência ribeirinha causada pelas inundações fluviais durante a estação de precipitação extrema aumentou as concentrações de nitrogênio nas plumas dos estuários, que também apresentaram valores reduzidos de salinidade, alcalinidade e oxigênio dissolvido. Na pluma do Capibaribe o valor médio de fluxo de CO2 também mudou, passou de - 4,01 mmolC m-2 d-1 durante a estação seca, para um fluxo médio positivo de + 5,7 mmolC m-2 d-1 durante a estação chuvosa. Dentro dos estuários, os valores de BOD5,20 e fosfato dissolvido foram maiores durante a estação seca (

Semantic associations between arithmetic and space: Evidence from temporal order judgements.

Spatial biases associated with subtraction or addition problem solving are generally considered as reflecting leftward or rightward attention shifts along a mental numerical continuum, but an alternative hypothesis not implying spatial attention proposes that the operator (plus or minus sign) may favour a response to one side of space (left or right) because of semantic associations. We tested these two accounts in a series of temporal order judgement experiments that consisted in the auditory presentation of addition or subtraction problems followed 200 ms (Experiments 1-2) or 800 ms (Experiment 3) later by the display of two lateralized targets in close temporal succession. To dissociate the side where the operation first brought their attention from the side they had to respond to, we asked participants to report which of the left or right target appeared first or last on screen. Under the attention-orienting account, addition should elicit more rightward responses than subtraction when participants have to focus on the first target, but more leftward responses when they have to focus on the last target, because the latter is opposite to the side where the operation first brought their attention. Under the semantic account, addition should elicit more rightward responses than subtraction, no matter the focus is on the first or last target, because participants should systematically favour the side conceptually linked to the operator. The results of the three experiments converge to indicate that, in lateralized target detection tasks, the spatial biases induced by arithmetic operations stem from semantic associations