A UTILIZAÇÃO DE FERRAMENTAS DE SUSTENTABILIDADE PARA COMPREENDER A MAIOR CATÁSTROFE DA HISTÓRIA DA MINERAÇÃO BRASILEIRA

On November 5, 2015, Brazil experienced what Brazilian and international authorities called the world's biggest disaster in the mining sector. The socio-environmental disaster had catastrophic dimensions, including the loss of 19 lives, the destruction of the communities of Bento Rodrigues and Paracatu de Baixo, in addition to affecting other cities along the course of the Rio Doce due to the tailings mud. It is important to highlight that in the previous year (2014) the company SAMARCO reorganized its entire management model in order to fulfill an agenda of doubling the size of the company, a project called Vision 2022. The plan was being executed, the business was being reformulated and new strategies of sustainability adopted to face the promising future. However, at the end of 2015, the dam collapsed and the company had to restructure itself again, but this time to manage the impacts, seek the trust of Brazilian society, remodel its operating model, repair social and environmental damage, rethink strategies for health and safety and, above all, obtain the social license to resume operations. In this article, we will analyze in an analytical way the tools used in the management system of the giant in the mining sector, highlighting the main methodologies adopted, methodologies that have established it as a benchmark in the sector. We do not intend here to carry out an evaluation of the sustainability reports, but rather to analyze the level of detail of the data, the way in which the Stakeholders are chosen to compose the materiality matrix and especially the actions in the face of the socio-environmental disaster episode. No dia 05 de novembro de 2015 o Brasil vivenciou o que autoridades brasileiras e internacionais chamaram de maior desastre mundial no setor de mineração. O desastre socioambiental teve dimensões catastróficas, incluindo a perda de 19 vidas, a destruição das comunidades de Bento Rodrigues e Paracatu de Baixo, além de afetar outras cidades ao longo do curso do Rio Doce em função da lama dos rejeitos. É importante destacar que no ano anterior (2014) a empresa SAMARCO reorganizou todo seu modelo de gestão visando cumprir uma agenda de dobrar o tamanho da empresa, projeto esse intitulado de Visão 2022. O plano vinha sendo executado, o negócio sendo reformulado e estratégias novas de sustentabilidade adotadas para enfrentar o futuro promissor. Entretanto, no findar de 2015 houve o rompimento da barragem e a empresa teve que novamente se reestruturar, mas dessa vez para gerenciar os impactos, buscar a confiança da sociedade brasileira, remodelar seu modelo operacional reparar os danos sociais e ambientais, repensar nas estratégias de saúde e segurança e além de tudo obter a licença social para voltar a operar. Nesse artigo, abordaremos de forma analítica as ferramentas utilizadas no sistema de gestão da gigante do setor de mineração, destacando as principais metodologias adotadas, metodologias essas que a consagraram como benchmark no setor. Não pretendemos aqui realizar uma avaliação dos relatórios de sustentabilidade, mas sim analisar o nível de detalhamento dos dados, a forma da escolha dos Stakeholders para compor a matriz de materialidade e principalmente as ações frente ao episódio do desastre socioambiental

Optimal plant density and nitrogen rates for improving off-season corn yields in Brazil

Integrating plant density and nitrogen (N) management is a strategy for improving corn yields, especially for off-season corn production in the tropics. This study tested the hypothesis that increasing plant densities and N rates promotes yield gains for off-season corn production in high-yielding environments. The aim of the study was to investigate the yield performances of two hybrid versions (DKB PRO and DKB PRO3) submitted to three plant densities (55,000; 65,000 and 75,000 plants ha−1) and four N rates (control, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha−1 N). Field trials were undertaken at Uberlândia-MG (site1 and 2) and Pedro Afonso-TO (site 3), Brazil from which data on corn yield parameters were collected and analyzed. Multivariate analysis separated the three trial areas into two groups, presenting high (sites 1 and 2) and low yields (site 3), which were related to weather conditions. There was no influence of a hybrid version or plant densities on crop yields at site 1 or 2. In contrast, there was a positive response to increasing plant densities and the use of DKB PRO3 at site 3. A significant response to N was observed at sites 2 and 3, following a plateau model. Our results suggest that N application rates and plant densities do have the potential to increase off-season corn yields in low yielding environments

Caderno de pós-graduação em direito: direito societário e globalização

A industrialização dos meios de produção possibilitou o surgimento da produção em escala, mecanizada, em maior volume e, consequentemente, intensificando a circulação de riquezas. Esse tipo de produção em massa foi possibilitado por uma nova instituição social, a empresa, capaz de empregar técnicas de produção que otimizam a criação de produtos, aumentando a eficiência de toda a cadeia produtiva. A partir de meados do século XVIII a empresa passou a ser protagonista do sistema capitalista, e se tornou a célula social responsável pela dinamização do direito privado, provocando a superação do direito comercial, transformando-o no atual direito empresarial. No Brasil, a absorção da teoria da empresa somente ocorreu apenas com o advento do Código Civil de 2002, mantendo, em seu artigo 966, a ideia de que as sociedades empresárias foram criadas para reduzir os riscos de mercado, minimizar custos de transação e proteger o patrimônio do empreendedor. Portanto, nossa legislação absorveu, recentemente, a noção de que sem as atividades empresariais, a produção em massa de bens e serviços seria insuficiente para atender às necessidades dos membros da sociedade. A eficiência das trocas econômicas depende diretamente do crescimento empresarial, uma vez que, gera inclusão no mercado e avanço tecnológico, criando novos empregos e aumentando arrecadação do Estado. Os investimentos privados são a base do processo de desenvolvimento econômico. Esse raciocínio é o ponto de partida fundamental das disciplinas que ministramos na Pós Graduação Latu Sensu do UniCEUB – Direito Societário e Globalização e Litígios Contratuais. Em ambas, nossos alunos são estimulados a estudar princípios e fundamentos do Direito Empresarial sem as “decorebas” passadas em cursinhos, a fim de que sejam capazes de possuir senso crítico e interpretativo a respeito das constantes alterações legislativas que afetam o instituto da empresa. Seguindo a tradição do UniCEUB, nossos alunos chegam ao final do curso com plana capacidade de se posicionar criticamente frente a jurisprudência de nossos tribunais, vista como fonte de aplicação do Direito Societário inserido em um contexto de competição empresarial por mercados internacionais. Os cursos utilizam o método do estudo de caso em sala de aula, mesclado com aulas expositivas e apresentação de seminários por parte dos alunos. O método do caso, na tradição norte-americana, é um instrumento didático que objetiva o ensino de habilidades voltadas para o desenvolvimento e a prática do raciocínio jurídico por meio da análise de decisões judiciais. Dessa forma, o aluno UniCEUB conhece o direito praticado, e não apenas o direito “doutrinário”. Os trabalhos expostos por esta coletânea demonstram esse grau de amadurecimento intelectual e profissional de nossos discentes, que enfrentaram com naturalidade temas tortuosos com problemáticas pouco discutidas pelo Direito Empresarial. Alguns artigos são produtos de monografias de conclusão de curso que atingiram nível de excelência acadêmica, outros são frutos das profícuas discussões em sala de aula, pesquisas extraclasse e extenso material de leitura,que se transformaram em artigos de leitura recomendada a outras discentes. Os artigos abordam a mais variada temática de Direito Empresarial. Temas como desconsideração da personalidade jurídica, responsabilidade civil das sociedades empresárias por atos de prepostos, governança corporativa, liquidação extrajudicial de instituições financeiras, contratação de seguro de Responsabilidade Civil por instituições integrantes do sistema “S”, Sociedades Anônimas, Cooperativas e contratos empresariais são amplamente debatidos nos artigos que tenho a honra de apresentar. Em comum, todos trazem uma análise crítica a respeito do entendimento jurisprudencial dos tribunais pátrios a respeito desses institutos, enriquecendo e tornando prazerosa a leitura do Ebook. Com essa linha de pensamento, concluo minha breve introdução com votos de que nossos leitores se interessem pela leitura adiante, que os trabalhos sejam fonte de inspiração para pesquisas e discussões. Com muito orgulho, me despeço de vocês, já ressaltando que, se o nosso corpo discente mantiver a excelente produção, em breve teremos uma nova edição deste ebook

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ