Tempos e práticas de lazer das jovens de Mutãs-Guanambi–BA: a espera pelo fim de semana

When related to youth, leisure assumes an important role in the construction of the identity and condition of youth life. In this sense, this research aims to analyze the times and leisure practices of young women in the countryside of Mutãs-BA. This is a thematic clipping of the monograph entitled “Meanings and Meanings of Leisure for young people from Mutãs–Guanambi–BA: relations between times, spaces and practices”, developed by the researcher. In this way, the specific objectives are: To identify the leisure time of the young women; to describe the main leisure practices experienced by them, thus discussing the relationship between leisure and their ways of life in the countryside. As a methodological basis, qualitative research was used, through field research, in which a questionnaire and individual interview were used. In this text, we will work with data referring to five young women between 19 and 28 years old. The research indicates the absence or little time available for female leisure, the interference of work, context and commitments. It also highlights the restriction of leisure time on weekends. It shows the importance of spaces such as the square, the church, in which young  people experience leisure practices in the countryside.Quando relacionado à juventude, o lazer assume um importante papel na construção da identidade e condição de vida juvenil. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa objetiva analisar os tempos e as práticas de lazer de jovens mulheres do campo de Mutãs-BA. Trata-se de um recorte temático da monografia intitulada “Significados e Sentidos do Lazer para os/as jovens de Mutãs–Guanambi–BA: relações entre os tempos, espaços e práticas”, desenvolvida pelo(as) pesquisador(as). Desse modo, tem-se como objetivos específicos: Identificar os tempos de lazer das jovens; descrever as principais práticas de lazer vivenciadas por elas, discutindo, assim, as relações entre o lazer e seus modos de vida no campo. Como base metodológica, valeu-se da pesquisa qualitativa, por meio da realização de uma pesquisa de campo, em que se fez uso do questionário e da entrevista individual. Neste texto, trabalharemos com os dados referentes a cinco jovens mulheres entre 19 e 28 anos. A pesquisa sinaliza a ausência ou o pouco tempo disponível para o lazer feminino, a interferência do trabalho, do contexto e dos compromissos. Evidencia ainda a restrição do tempo de lazer aos finais de semana. Mostra a importância de espaços como a praça, a igreja, nos quais as jovens vivenciam as práticas do lazer no campo

DESAFIOS E ESTRATÉGIAS NA GESTÃO DE OVERDOSE DE FENTANIL E O USO DA NALOXONA

Since the late 1990s, the United States has faced a serious opioid crisis, worsened by the spread of fentanyl. This crisis has evolved in three waves: prescription opioid abuse, increased heroin use, and fentanyl-related deaths. The high potency and rapid action of fentanyl, along with its presence on the illicit market, make the treatment of overdoses difficult and require new therapeutic approaches. Naloxone, effective against other opioids, is less effective against fentanyl due to its complex pharmacokinetics and adverse effects. Recent studies suggest the need for higher doses of naloxone, close monitoring, and respiratory support to improve clinical outcomes. Furthermore, there is an urgent need for more research to determine the optimal dosage of naloxone and evaluate new interventions. Adequate training of healthcare professionals and effective public policies are essential to combat the opioid crisis.Desde o final dos anos 1990, os Estados Unidos enfrentam uma grave crise de opioides, agravada pela disseminação do fentanil. Essa crise evoluiu em três ondas: abuso de opioides prescritos, aumento do uso de heroína e mortes relacionadas ao fentanil. A elevada potência e a rápida ação do fentanil, junto com sua presença no mercado ilícito, dificultam o tratamento de overdoses e exigem novas abordagens terapêuticas. A naloxona, eficaz contra outros opioides, mostra-se menos eficaz contra o fentanil devido à sua complexa farmacocinética e efeitos adversos. Estudos recentes sugerem a necessidade de doses maiores de naloxona, monitoramento rigoroso e suporte respiratório para melhorar os resultados clínicos. Além disso, há uma necessidade urgente de mais pesquisas para determinar a dosagem ideal de naloxona e avaliar novas intervenções. O treinamento adequado dos profissionais de saúde e políticas públicas eficazes são essenciais para combater a crise dos opioides

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

More than 10,000 pre-Columbian earthworks are still hidden throughout Amazonia

Indigenous societies are known to have occupied the Amazon basin for more than 12,000 years, but the scale of their influence on Amazonian forests remains uncertain. We report the discovery, using LIDAR (light detection and ranging) information from across the basin, of 24 previously undetected pre-Columbian earthworks beneath the forest canopy. Modeled distribution and abundance of large-scale archaeological sites across Amazonia suggest that between 10,272 and 23,648 sites remain to be discovered and that most will be found in the southwest. We also identified 53 domesticated tree species significantly associated with earthwork occurrence probability, likely suggesting past management practices. Closed-canopy forests across Amazonia are likely to contain thousands of undiscovered archaeological sites around which pre-Columbian societies actively modified forests, a discovery that opens opportunities for better understanding the magnitude of ancient human influence on Amazonia and its current state