La gestion de l'incertitude dans une organisation internationale : le cas de I'OACI

A typology of uncertainty reveals three dimensions: probability, vagueness, and ambiguity. At the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), terrorism has appeared as a threat to the agency's mandate, which is to ensure the harmonious development of civil air transportation. Faced with the probability that a terrorist act may occur, decision-makers in the international civil aviation System have developed an array of institutional responses. In the area of law, several instruments were created as the impact of events and techniques used by terrorists developed. In the area of management, the ICAO created a special unit reporting directly to the Secretary General and reviewed technical standards and procedures for aviation personnel. While new technologies were being deployed to reduce the probability of an illicit act, political responses were elaborated : use of the UN Secretary-Generalship, politicization of the ICAO Council, and international cooperation in the fight against terrorism. Uncertainty can be a vector of organizational development. Perception of uncertainty and the actions it brings about belong to afield of analysis of interest to the school of epistemics

La radio d'État à l'ère du savoir

The information-based society of knowledge favors criteria of a cognitive nature to label individuals, the requalification of citizenry, and transforms power relationships within modern societies. The general context of radio in Québec is characterized by market constraints, including a tight money market, and homogeneity of supply. Despite efforts made by public radio, certain existing practices can further maintain, if not expand, the present exclusion of certain audiences on the basis of age, cognitive and cultural factors, and sex. In an age of knowledge, the mission of public radio and its implementation should embody the principle of inclusion and the empowerment of citizens.Fondée sur l'information, la société du savoir accentue les distinctions d'ordre cognitif entre les individus, exige une requalification des citoyens et transforme les relations de pouvoir au sein des sociétés modernes. Le contexte général de la radio au Québec est caractérisé par les contraintes de marché, les difficultés de financement et l'homogénéité de l'offre. En dépit des efforts consentis par la radio d'État, certaines pratiques peuvent favoriser le maintien sinon la croissance de l'exclusion sociétale sur la base de l'âge, des facteurs cognitif s et culturels et du sexe. A l'ère du savoir, la mise en oeuvre de la mission de la radio d'État passe par l'inclusion sociétale et l'habilitation des citoyens.La sociedad del saber, basada en la información, acentúa las distinciones de orden cognitivo entre los individuos, exige una nueva capacitación de los ciudadanos y transforma las relaciones de poder en las sociedades modernas. El contexto general de la radio en Quebec está caracterizado por las coacciones en el mercado, las dificultades de financiamiento y la homogeneidad en la oferta. A pesar de los esfuerzos otorgados por la radio del Estado, algunas prácticas pueden favorecer el mantenimiento de la exclusión de cierto público o el incremento de la mismo, basado en la edad, los factores cognitivos y culturales y el sexo. En la era del saber, la puesta en marcha de la misión de la radio del Estado pasa por la inclusión de cierto público y la capacitación de los ciudadanos.Le Scouarnec François-Pierre. La radio d'État à l'ère du savoir. In: Communication. Information Médias Théories, volume 17 n°1, printemps 1996. pp. 160-182

Les inforoutes et la société du savoir : nouveaux défis pour le monde de l'enseignement : un document /

Glossaire: p. iii-vBibliogr.: p. 49-5

Effects of Repeated Sprint Training With Progressive Elastic Resistance on Sprint Performance and Anterior-Posterior Force Production in Elite Young Soccer Players

International audienceLe Scouarnec, J, Samozino, P, Andrieu, B, Thubin, T, Morin, JB, and Favier, FB. Effects of repeated sprint training with progressive elastic resistance on sprint performance and anterior-posterior force production in elite young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1675-1681, 2022-This study aimed to determine whether repeated sprint training with progressive high elastic resistance could improve sprint performance and anterior-posterior (AP) force production capacities of elite young soccer players. Seven elite U19 soccer players underwent 10 sessions of elastic-resisted repeated sprints on 8 weeks, whereas 8 U17 players from the same academy (control group) followed the same protocol without elastic bands. Sprint performance and mechanical parameters were recorded on a 30-m sprint before and after training. The control group did not show change for any of the measured variables. In contrast, the elastic-resisted training resulted in a significant improvement of the sprint time (-2.1 +/- 1.3%; p = 0.026; Hedges' g = -0.49) and maximal velocity (V-max; +3.9 +/- 2%; p = 0.029; Hedges' g = 0.61) reached during the 30-m sprint. These enhancements were concurrent with an increase in the maximal power output related to AP force (P-max; +4.9 +/- 5.1%%; p = 0.026; Hedges' g = 0.42). Although the theoretical maximal AP force (F-0) remained unchanged in both groups, there was a medium but nonsignificant increase in theoretical maximal velocity (V-0; +3.7 +/- 2.5%; p = 0.13; Hedges' g = 0.5) only in the elastic group. Therefore, the present results show that sprint capacity of elite young soccer players can be further improved by adding incremental resistance against runner displacement to raise the ability to produce AP force, rather at high velocity in the final phase of the acceleration

Variations in the poly-histidine repeat motif of HOXA1 contribute to bicuspid aortic valve in mouse and zebrafish

International audienceBicuspid aortic valve (BAV), the most common cardiovascular malformation occurs in 0.5–1.2% of the population. Although highly heritable, few causal mutations have been identified in BAV patients. Here, we report the targeted sequencing of HOXA1 in a cohort of BAV patients and the identification of rare indel variants in the homopolymeric histidine tract of HOXA1. In vitro analysis shows that disruption of this motif leads to a significant reduction in protein half-life and defective transcriptional activity of HOXA1. In zebrafish, targeting hoxa1a ortholog results in aortic valve defects. In vivo assays indicates that these variants behave as dominant negatives leading abnormal valve development. In mice, deletion of Hoxa1 leads to BAV with a very small, rudimentary non-coronary leaflet. We also show that 17% of homozygous Hoxa1 −1His knock-in mice present similar phenotype. Genetic lineage tracing in Hoxa1 −/− mutant mice reveals an abnormal reduction of neural crest-derived cells in the valve leaflet, which is caused by a failure of early migration of these cells

Rare Coding Variants in ANGPTL6 Are Associated with Familial Forms of Intracranial Aneurysm

International audienceIntracranial aneurysms (IAs) are acquired cerebrovascular abnormalities characterized by localized dilation and wall thinning in intracranial arteries, possibly leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage and severe outcome in case of rupture. Here, we identified one rare nonsense variant (c.1378A>T) in the last exon of ANGPTL6 (Angiopoietin-Like 6)—which encodes a circulating pro-angiogenic factor mainly secreted from the liver—shared by the four tested affected members of a large pedigree with multiple IA-affected case subjects. We showed a 50% reduction of ANGPTL6 serum concentration in individuals heterozygous for the c.1378A>T allele (p.Lys460Ter) compared to relatives homozygous for the normal allele, probably due to the non-secretion of the truncated protein produced by the c.1378A>T transcripts. Sequencing ANGPTL6 in a series of 94 additional index case subjects with familial IA identified three other rare coding variants in five case subjects. Overall, we detected a significant enrichment (p = 0.023) in rare coding variants within this gene among the 95 index case subjects with familial IA, compared to a reference population of 404 individuals with French ancestry. Among the 6 recruited families, 12 out of 13 (92%) individuals carrying IA also carry such variants in ANGPTL6, versus 15 out of 41 (37%) unaffected ones. We observed a higher rate of individuals with a history of high blood pressure among affected versus healthy individuals carrying ANGPTL6 variants, suggesting that ANGPTL6 could trigger cerebrovascular lesions when combined with other risk factors such as hypertension. Altogether, our results indicate that rare coding variants in ANGPTL6 are causally related to familial forms of IA