Searching for grapevine fungal trunk pathogens on cover crop roots

The potential role of cover crops as alternative hosts for soil-borne fungi plant diseases has not been thoroughly explored. Root samples from cover crops from experimental plots in the CORE Organic Cofund BIOVINE project has been analysed to find out more

Cost of health care utilization among homeless frequent emergency department users

Research demonstrates that homelessness is associated with frequent use of emergency department (ED) services, yet prior studies have not adequately examined the relationship between frequent ED use and utilization of non-ED health care services among those experiencing homelessness. There has also been little effort to assess heterogeneity among homeless individuals who make frequent use of ED services. To address these gaps, the present study used Medicaid claims data from 2010 to estimate the association between the number of ED visits and non-ED health care costs for a cohort of 6,338 Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program patients, and to identify distinct subgroups of persons in this cohort who made frequent use of ED services based on their clinical and demographic characteristics. A series of gamma regression models found more frequent ED use to be associated with higher non-ED costs, even after adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. Latent class analysis was used to examine heterogeneity among frequent ED users, and the results identified 6 characteristically distinct subgroups among these persons. The subgroup of persons with trimorbid illness had non-ED costs that far exceeded members of all 5 other subgroups. Study findings reinforce the connection between frequent ED use and high health care costs among homeless individuals and suggest that different groups of homeless frequent ED users may benefit from interventions that vary in terms of their composition and intensity

Evaluation of long-term protection from nursery to vineyard provided by Trichoderma atroviride SC1 against fungal grapevine trunk pathogens

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Berbegal, M., Ramón¿Albalat, A., León, M. and Armengol, J. (2020), Evaluation of long¿term protection from nursery to vineyard provided by Trichoderma atroviride SC1 against fungal grapevine trunk pathogens. Pest. Manag. Sci., 76: 967-977, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5605. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] BACKGROUND Fungal grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) represent a threat to viticulture, being responsible for important economic losses worldwide. Nursery and vineyard experiments were set up to evaluate the ability of Trichoderma atroviride SC1 to reduce infections of GTD pathogens in grapevine planting material during the propagation process and to assess the long-term protection provided by this biocontrol agent on grapevine plants in young vineyards during two growing seasons. RESULTS Reductions of some GTD pathogen incidence and severity were found on grapevine propagation material after nursery application of T. atroviride SC1 during the grafting process, and also after additional T. atroviride SC1 treatments performed during two growing seasons in young vineyards, when compared with untreated plants. CONCLUSION Trichoderma atroviride SC1 showed promise to reduce infections caused by some GTD pathogens in nurseries, and also when establishing new vineyards. This biological control agent could possibly be a valuable component in an integrated management approach where various strategies are combined to reduce GTD infections.Berbegal Martinez, M.; Ramón-Albalat, A.; León Santana, M.; Armengol Fortí, J. (2020). Evaluation of long-term protection from nursery to vineyard provided by Trichoderma atroviride SC1 against fungal grapevine trunk pathogens. Pest Management Science. 76(3):967-977. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5605S967977763Gramaje, D., Úrbez-Torres, J. R., & Sosnowski, M. R. (2018). Managing Grapevine Trunk Diseases With Respect to Etiology and Epidemiology: Current Strategies and Future Prospects. Plant Disease, 102(1), 12-39. doi:10.1094/pdis-04-17-0512-feMondello, V., Songy, A., Battiston, E., Pinto, C., Coppin, C., Trotel-Aziz, P., … Fontaine, F. (2018). Grapevine Trunk Diseases: A Review of Fifteen Years of Trials for Their Control with Chemicals and Biocontrol Agents. Plant Disease, 102(7), 1189-1217. doi:10.1094/pdis-08-17-1181-feGramaje, D., & Armengol, J. (2011). Fungal Trunk Pathogens in the Grapevine Propagation Process: Potential Inoculum Sources, Detection, Identification, and Management Strategies. Plant Disease, 95(9), 1040-1055. doi:10.1094/pdis-01-11-0025Kaplan, J., Travadon, R., Cooper, M., Hillis, V., Lubell, M., & Baumgartner, K. (2016). Identifying economic hurdles to early adoption of preventative practices: The case of trunk diseases in California winegrape vineyards. Wine Economics and Policy, 5(2), 127-141. doi:10.1016/j.wep.2016.11.001Úrbez-Torres, J. R., & Gubler, W. D. (2010). Susceptibility of grapevine pruning wounds to infection by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum. Plant Pathology, 60(2), 261-270. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02381.xEskalen, A., Feliciano, A. J., & Gubler, W. D. (2007). Susceptibility of Grapevine Pruning Wounds and Symptom Development in Response to Infection by Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. Plant Disease, 91(9), 1100-1104. doi:10.1094/pdis-91-9-1100Elena, G., & Luque, J. (2016). Seasonal Susceptibility of Grapevine Pruning Wounds and Cane Colonization in Catalonia, Spain Following Artificial Infection with Diplodia seriata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. Plant Disease, 100(8), 1651-1659. doi:10.1094/pdis-10-15-1186-reDíaz, G. A., & Latorre, B. A. (2013). Efficacy of paste and liquid fungicide formulations to protect pruning wounds against pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Chile. Crop Protection, 46, 106-112. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2013.01.001Harman, G. E., & Kubicek, C. P. (Eds.). (1998). Trichoderma And Gliocladium, Volume 2. doi:10.1201/9781482267945Harman, G. E. (2000). Myths and Dogmas of Biocontrol Changes in Perceptions Derived from Research on Trichoderma harzinum T-22. Plant Disease, 84(4), 377-393. doi:10.1094/pdis.2000.84.4.377Mukherjee, M., Mukherjee, P. K., Horwitz, B. A., Zachow, C., Berg, G., & Zeilinger, S. (2012). Trichoderma–Plant–Pathogen Interactions: Advances in Genetics of Biological Control. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 52(4), 522-529. doi:10.1007/s12088-012-0308-5Rajesh, R. W., Rahul, M. S., & Ambalal, N. S. (2016). Trichoderma: A significant fungus for agriculture and environment. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(22), 1952-1965. doi:10.5897/ajar2015.10584Harman, G. E. (2006). Overview of Mechanisms and Uses of Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology®, 96(2), 190-194. doi:10.1094/phyto-96-0190Pieterse, C. M. J., Zamioudis, C., Berendsen, R. L., Weller, D. M., Van Wees, S. C. M., & Bakker, P. A. H. M. (2014). Induced Systemic Resistance by Beneficial Microbes. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 52(1), 347-375. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102340Van Wees, S. C., Van der Ent, S., & Pieterse, C. M. (2008). Plant immune responses triggered by beneficial microbes. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 11(4), 443-448. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.05.005Berlanas, C., Andrés-Sodupe, M., López-Manzanares, B., Maldonado-González, M. M., & Gramaje, D. (2018). Effect of white mustard cover crop residue, soil chemical fumigation and Trichoderma spp. root treatment on black-foot disease control in grapevine. Pest Management Science, 74(12), 2864-2873. doi:10.1002/ps.5078Fourie, P. H., & Halleen, F. (2006). Chemical and biological protection of grapevine propagation material from trunk disease pathogens. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 116(4), 255-265. doi:10.1007/s10658-006-9057-9Dissanayake, A. (2016). Botryosphaeriaceae: Current status of genera and species. Mycosphere, 7(7), 1001-1073. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/si/1b/13Mostert, L., Groenewald, J. Z., Summerbell, R. C., Gams, W., & Crous, P. W. (2006). Taxonomy and Pathology of Togninia (Diaporthales) and its Phaeoacremonium Anamorphs. Studies in Mycology, 54, 1-113. doi:10.3114/sim.54.1.1GARDES, M., & BRUNS, T. D. (1993). ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes - application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology, 2(2), 113-118. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.1993.tb00005.xTravadon, R., Lawrence, D. P., Rooney-Latham, S., Gubler, W. D., Wilcox, W. F., Rolshausen, P. E., & Baumgartner, K. (2015). Cadophora species associated with wood-decay of grapevine in North America. Fungal Biology, 119(1), 53-66. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2014.11.002O’Donnell, K., & Cigelnik, E. (1997). Two Divergent Intragenomic rDNA ITS2 Types within a Monophyletic Lineage of the FungusFusariumAre Nonorthologous. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 7(1), 103-116. doi:10.1006/mpev.1996.0376Jacobs, K., Bergdahl, D. R., Wingfield, M. J., Halik, S., Seifert, K. A., Bright, D. E., & Wingfield, B. D. (2004). Leptographium wingfieldii introduced into North America and found associated with exotic Tomicus piniperda and native bark beetles. Mycological Research, 108(4), 411-418. doi:10.1017/s0953756204009748Savazzini, F., Longa, C. M. O., Pertot, I., & Gessler, C. (2008). Real-time PCR for detection and quantification of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma atroviride strain SC1 in soil. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 73(2), 185-194. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2008.02.004Longa, C. M. O., Pertot, I., & Tosi, S. (2008). Ecophysiological requirements and survival of aTrichoderma atrovirideisolate with biocontrol potential. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 48(4), 269-277. doi:10.1002/jobm.200700396Úrbez-Torres, J. R., Haag, P., Bowen, P., Lowery, T., & O’Gorman, D. T. (2015). Development of a DNA Macroarray for the Detection and Identification of Fungal Pathogens Causing Decline of Young Grapevines. Phytopathology®, 105(10), 1373-1388. doi:10.1094/phyto-03-15-0069-

A qPCR-based method for the detection and quantification of the peach powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) in epidemiological studies

[EN] A qPCR-based method was developed to detect and quantifyPodosphaera pannosa, the main causal agent of peach powdery mildew. A primer pair was designed to target part of the ITS region of the fungal ribosomal DNA, which proved to be highly specific and sensitive. A minimum of 2.81 pg mu L(- 1)ofP. pannosaDNA and 6 conidia mL(- 1)in artificially-prepared conidia suspensions were found to be the limit of detection. Moreover, a quantification of conidia placed on plastic tapes commonly used in volumetric air samplers was performed. Regression equations on conidia quantification obtained either from aqueous conidia suspensions or conidia placed on plastic tapes were similar. The protocol was further validated in field conditions by estimating the number ofP. pannosaconidia obtained with an air sampler, by both microscopic and molecular quantification. Both techniques detected the peaks of conidia production during a 4-month sampling period, and a significant correlation (r = 0.772) was observed between both quantification methods. Additionally, the molecular method was applied to detect latent fungal inoculum in different plant parts of peach trees. The pathogen was detected mainly on the bark of affected twigs, and to a lesser extent, in foliar buds. The method developed here can be applied in the study ofP. pannosaepidemiology and can help in improving the management of this pathogen through its early detection and quantification.This research was funded by Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Spain, project RTA2013-00004-C03-01, and with matching funds from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Jordi Luque was supported by the CERCA Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya. Neus Marimon was supported by INIA with a predoctoral grant (CPD-2015-0142). The authors thank Dr Josep Girbal (Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain) for kindly providing us with herbarium vouchers of different powdery mildew species.Marimón, N.; Eduardo, I.; León Santana, M.; Berbegal Martinez, M.; Armengol Fortí, J.; Luque, J. (2020). A qPCR-based method for the detection and quantification of the peach powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) in epidemiological studies. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 158(4):1005-1016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02136-0S100510161584Amano, K. (1986). Host range and geographical distribution of the powdery mildew fungi (p. 741). Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press.Armbruster, D. A., & Pry, T. (2008). Limit of blank, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The Clinical Biochemist Reviews, 2(suppl. 1), 49–52.Braun, U. (1987). A monograph of the Erysiphales (powdery mildews). Nova Hedwigia, 89, 1-700. Stuttgart: J. Cramer.Braun, U., Cook, R. T. A., Inman, A. J., & Shin, H. D. (2002). The taxonomy of powdery mildew fungi. In R. R. Bélanger, W. R. Bushnell, A. J. Dik, & T. L. W. Carver (Eds.), The Powdery Mildews, A Comprenhensive Treatise (pp. 13–55). St. Paul: APS Press.Butt, D. J. (1978). Epidemiology of powdery mildews. In D. M. Spencer (Ed.), The Powdery Mildews (pp. 51–81). New York: Academic.Cao, X., Yao, D., Xu, X., Zhou, Y., Ding, K., Duan, X., Fan, J., & Luo, Y. (2015). Development of weather- and airborne inoculum-based models to describe disease severity of wheat powdery mildew. Plant Disease, 99, 395–400.Cunnington, J. H., Lawrie, A. C., & Pascoe, I. G. (2005). Genetic variation within Podosphaera tridactyla reveals a paraphyletic species complex with biological specialization towards specific Prunus subgenera. Mycological Research, 119, 357–362.Donoso, J. M., Picañol, R., Serra, O., Howad, W., Alegre, S., Arús, P., & Eduardo, I. (2016). Exploring almond genetic variability useful for peach improvement: mapping major genes and QTLs in two interspecific almond x peach populations. Molecular Breeding, 36, 1–17.Dung, J. K. S., Scott, J. C., & Cheng, Q. (2018). Detection and quantification of airborne Claviceps purpurea sensu lato ascospores from Hirst-type spore traps using Real-Time Quantitative PCR. Plant Disease, 102, 2487–2493.Falacy, J. S., Grove, G. G., Mahaffee, W. F., Galloway, H., Glawe, D. A., Larsen, R. C., & Vandemark, G. J. (2007). Detection of Erysiphe necator in air samples using the polymerase chain reaction and species-specific primers. Phytopathology, 97, 1290–1297.Farr, D. F., & Rossman, A. Y. (2019). Fungal Databases, U.S. National Fungus Collections, ARS, USDA. Retrieved February 25, 2019, from https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/.Galán, C., Cariñanos, P., Alcázar, P., & Dominguez, E. (2007). Management and Quality Manual. Spanish Aerobiology Network (REA). Córdoba: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Córdoba.Gardes, M., & Bruns, T. D. (1993). ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes – application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology, 2, 113–118.Grove, G. G. (1991). Powdery mildew of sweet cherry: Influence of temperature and wetness duration on release and germination of ascospores of Podosphaera clandestina. Phytopathology, 81, 1271–1275.Grove, G. G. (1995). Powdery mildew. In J. M. Ogawa, E. I. Zehr, G. W. Bird, D. F. Ritchie, K. Uriu, & J. K. Uyemoto (Eds.), Compendium of Stone Fruit Diseases (pp. 12–14). St. Paul: APS Press.Hollomon, D. W., & Wheeler, I. E. (2002). Controlling powdery mildews with chemistry. In R. R. Bélanger, W. R. Bushnell, A. J. Dik, & T. L. W. Carver (Eds.), The Powdery Mildews, A Comprehensive Treatise (pp. 249–255). Saint Paul: APS Press.Horst, R. K., & Cloyd, R. A. (2007). Powdery mildews. In R. K. Horst & R. A. Cloyd (Eds.), Compendium of Rose Diseases and Pests (pp. 5–8). Saint Paul: APS Press.Ito, M., & Takamatsu, S. (2010). Molecular phylogeny and evolution of subsection Magnicellulatae (Erysiphaceae: Podosphaera) with special reference to host plants. Mycoscience, 51, 34–43.Jarvis, W. R., Gubler, W. D., & Grove, G. G. (2002). Epidemiology of powdery mildews in agricultural pathosystems. In R. R. Bélanger, W. R. Bushnell, A. J. Dik, & T. L. W. Carver (Eds.), The Powdery Mildews, A Comprehensive Treatise (pp. 169–199). Saint Paul: APS Press.Kunjeti, S. G., Anchieta, A., Martin, F. N., Choi, Y.-J., Thines, M., Michelmore, R. W., … Klosterman, S. J. (2016). Detection and quantification of Bremia lactucae by spore trapping and quantitative PCR. Phytopathology, 106, 1426–1437.Leus, L., Dewitte, A., Van Huylenbroeck, J., Vanhoutte, N., Van Bockstaele, E., & Hofte, M. (2006). Podosphaera pannosa (syn. Sphaerotheca pannosa) on Rosa and Prunus spp.: characterization of pathotypes by differential plant reactions and ITS sequences. Journal of Phytopathology, 154, 23–28.Longrée, K. (1939). The Effect of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Powdery Mildew of Roses. New York: Agricultural Experiment Station Ithaca.Luque, J., Martos, S., & Phillips, A. J. L. (2005). Botryosphaeria viticola sp. nov. on grapevines: a new species with a Dothiorella anamorph. Mycologia, 97, 1111–1121.Mahaffee, W. F., & Stoll, R. (2016). The ebb and flow of airborne pathogens: Monitoring and use in disease management decisions. Phytopathology, 106, 420–431.MAPA (2002). Real Decreto 1201/2002, de 20 de noviembre, por el que se regula la producción integrada de productos agrícolas. https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2002/11/30/pdfs/A42028-42040.pdf. Accessed 11 Dec 2020.Marimon, N., Eduardo, I., Martínez-Minaya, J., Vicent, A., & Luque, J. (2020). A decision support system based on degree-days to initiate fungicide spray programs for peach powdery mildew in Catalonia, Spain. Plant Disease. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-19-2130-RE.Michailides, T. J., Morgan, D. P., Ma, Z., Luo, Y., Felts, D., Doster, M. A., & Reyes, H. (2005). Conventional and molecular assays aid diagnosis of crop diseases and fungicide resistance. California Agriculture, 59, 115–123.Ogawa, J. M., & English, H. (1991). Diseases of temperate zone tree fruit and nut crops (3345, pp. 461). Oakland: University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources.R Core Team (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna . https://www.R-project.org/.Reuveni, M. (2001). Improved control of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa) of nectarines in Israel using strobilurin and polyoxin B fungicides; mixtures with sulfur; and early bloom applications. Crop Protection, 20, 663–668.Sholberg, P., O’Gorman, D., Bedford, K., & Lévesque, C. A. (2005). Development of a DNA microarray for detection and monitoring of economically important apple diseases. Plant Disease, 89, 1143–1150.Takamatsu, S., Niinomi, S., Harada, M., & Havrylenko, M. (2010). Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal a close evolutionary relationship between Podosphaera (Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae) and its rosaceous hosts. Persoonia, 24, 38–48.Thiessen, L. D., Keune, J. A., Neill, T. M., Turecheck, W. W., Grove, G. G., & Mahaffee, W. F. (2016). Development of a grower-conducted inoculum detection assay for management of grape powdery mildew. Plant Pathology, 65, 238–249.Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G., & Gibson, T. J. (1994). CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research, 22, 4673–4680.Toma, S., Ivascu, A., & Oprea, M. (1998). Highlights of epidemiology of the fungus Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr.) Lev. var. persicae Woron in the southern zone of Romania. Acta Horticulturae, 465, 709–714.Weinhold, A. R. (1961). The orchard development of peach powdery mildew. Phytopathology, 51, 478–481.White, T. J., Bruns, T. D., Lee, S. B., & Taylor, J. W. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky, & T. J. White (Eds.), PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications (pp. 315–322). Burlington: Academic.Yarwood, C. E. (1957). Powdery mildews. The Botanical Review, 23, 235–301.Zúñiga, E., León, M., Berbegal, M., Armengol, J., & Luque, J. (2018). A q-PCR-based method for detection and quantification of Polystigma amygdalinum, the cause of red leaf blotch of almond. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 57, 257–268

Let’s Play Democracy, Exploratory Analysis of Political Video Games

In current times, the concept of democracy has been transformed due to the ups and downs of the hyperdigitalized society, modifying its discourses and forms of participation. Recognizing that video games maintain a prominent role in the new generations, this research has the objective of analyzing independent video games related to the notion of democracy. For this reason, 26 video games were analyzed according to their democratic principles, their typology and their key components, resulting in a tendency towards the guarantee of civil liberties, political pluralism and separation of powers; likewise, there is a clear differentiation between persuasive and expressive video games, the former linked to polarization and criticism, while the latter responded to a reflexive conceptual line, added to the use of reward systems and progression in their key design components. It can be concluded that video games linked to democracy respond to an innovative interactive dimension that converts the traditional political canons by the creativity, freedom, and autonomy of the current audiences.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Genotipos de VPH y cambios citológicos cervico-uterino en pacientes de una consulta ginecológica privada del Estado Carabobo, Venezuela. Marzo-octubre de 2017

Introduction:  Genital infection by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been associated with cervical cancer (CC) since it causes the appearance of precursor cancer lesions in the transformation area of ​​the squamous-columnar junction of the cervix. There are more than 100 types of HPV that are classified as low oncogenic risk (LR-HPV) and high oncogenic risk (HR-HPV). Studies report that the infection by high-risk genotypes is present in 100% of CC. In Venezuela, 67.7% of CC is related to the HPV-16 genotype. Objective:  This study seeks to detect the presence of HPV in patients with cervical cytological cell changes. Methodology:  Forty-nine patients with cytological changes were studied. The endocervical and ectocervical areas were sampled to detect and genotype the virus by using the Multiplex PCR technique. Results: The cytological alterations presented were: Atypical Squamous Cells (69.4%), Atypical Glandular Cells (4.1%), Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (16.3%) and High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (10.2%). Besides, the general molecular detection showed that 16.3% had HPV, 62.5% of it corresponded to HR-HPV, 25% to LR-HPV, and 12.5% ​​to genotype 16. The genotype 18 was not detected, and only one co-infection case was reported. Conclusions: Unlike other studies, a statistically significant relationship was not found between the virus presence and the appearance of cervical cytological cell changes in this population. However, genotypes with high oncogenic risk were detected, which may lead to a higher incidence of cervical cancer in the future.Introducción: La infección genital por el Virus de Papiloma Humano (VPH) se ha asociado con el cáncer cérvicouterino (CCE) al provocar la aparición de lesiones precursoras de cáncer en la zona de transformación de la unión escamo-columnar del cuello uterino. Existen más de 100 tipos de VPH, clasificados en bajo riesgo oncogénico (VPH-BR) y alto riesgo oncogénico (VPH-AR). Estudios reportan la infección por genotipos de alto riesgo en el 100% de los CCE. En Venezuela, el 67,7% de los CCE, se relacionan con el genotipo de VPH-AR 16. Objetivo: Detectar la presencia de VPH en pacientes con cambios citológicos cervicouterino. Metodología: Se incluyeron 49 pacientes que presentaban cambios citológicos, se tomaron las muestras de la región endocervical y exocervical para la detección y genotipificación del virus mediante la técnica de Multiple PCR. Resultados: Las alteraciones citológicas presentes fueron Células Escamosas Atípicas (69,4%), Células Glandulares Atípicas (4,1%), Lesión Escamosa Intraepitelial de Bajo Grado (16,3%), y Lesión Escamosa Intraepitelial de Alto Grado (10,2%). La detección molecular demostró que 16,3% presentaba VPH, 62,5% correspondían a VPH-AR, 25% a VPH-BR, 12,5% al genotipo 16 y no se detectó el genotipo 18. Se reportó un solo caso de coinfección. Conclusiones: A diferencia de otros estudios, no se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia del virus y la aparición de cambios citológicos cervicouterino en esta población. No obstante, se detectaron genotipos de alto riesgo oncogénico, lo que puede traducirse en una mayor incidencia de cáncer cervicouterino a futuro. &nbsp

Metodología participativa para el diagnóstico de la agricultura familiar en la red agroecológica campesina del municipio de Subachoque - Cundinamarca

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo el levantamiento de información relacionada con diversos aspectos referentes al desarrollo de la agricultura entre los miembros de la Asociación Red Agroecológica Campesina de Subachoque (Cundinamarca – Colombia). El procedimiento metodológico basado en el enfoque participativo comprendió tres fases, desarrolladas en el segundo semestre de 2012. El proceso permitió evidenciar los cambios que ha tenido la agricultura en el municipio de Subachoque a lo largo de siete décadas y caracterizar la agricultura actual. Una adecuada planificación del uso del territorio debe privilegiar la conservación de áreas naturales estratégicas y promover la agroecología para la producción agropecuaria conservacionista, tal como lo plantea la Red Agroecológica Campesina

La metacognición y habilidades metacognitivas para la resolución de problemas matemáticos

Resolver problemas es parte fundamental de la enseñanza de las matemáticas, siendo objeto de estudio de múltiples investigaciones con el fin de mejorar el proceso de solución. El objetivo de esta investigación con carácter cualitativo, es determinar el desarrollo y aplicación de la metacognición de alumnos de nivel secundaria para la resolución de problemas matemáticos, considerando lo observado en la realidad y lo propuesto por teóricos

Strategies to improve reading comprehension: Impact of an instructional program in Spanish

El objetivo de este estudio consistió en evaluar la efectividad de un programa de intervención en español, LEE comprensivamente, para mejorar la comprensión lectora. El programa de intervención se basó en la enseñanza explícita de habilidades de alto nivel vinculadas al procesamiento del texto (construcción de inferencias, control metacognitivo y conocimiento de la estructura textual) y de bajo nivel (vocabulario). El programa consistió en 16 sesiones de 80 minutos durante 8 semanas. Un total de 127 niños de entre 8 y10 años de diferentes escuelas de Buenos Aires se distribuyeron en dos grupos, experimental y control. Los procesos evaluados incluyeron medidas generales de comprensión lectora y específicas, de vocabulario, control metacognitivo e inferencias, antes y después de la intervención. Solo el grupo que recibió la intervención mostró mejoras estadísticamente significativas en la comprensión lectora frente al grupo control. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la intervención centrada en los ejes descritos mejora significativamente la comprensión lectora de los niños dentro de la escuela.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an instructional program in Spanish to improve reading comprehension, LEE comprensivamente. The program’s framework was based on targeting text level processes, in particular, inference making, meta-cognitive control, and knowledge of text structure. In addition, a word level process, such as vocabulary, was also trained. The program, which consisted of 16 80-minute sessions during a period of 8 weeks, was tested on 127 children of ages 8-10 from different schools in Buenos Aires. A parallel group remained as passive control in each class group. Assessing processes included vocabulary, monitoring, inference making, and reading comprehension general measures, before and after the intervention. Only the intervention group showed a statistically significant improvement. These findings suggest that interventions focused on skills related to vocabulary, inference making, monitoring, and the knowledge of text structure improve reading comprehension in a school setting.Fil: Fonseca, Liliana. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Migliardo, Monica Graciela. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Simian, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Olmos, Ricardo. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: León, José Antonio. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Españ