On the dynamic and thermodynamic structures of marine stratocumulus

Latent heating effects on stratocumulus circulations were studied successfully with a nine-coefficient spectral model of two-dimensional shallow Boussinesq convection (Laufersweiler and Shirer, 1989). Further, more realistic investigations are being performed currently with a larger, 18-coefficient spectral model, in which the effects of cloud top radiational cooling and in-cloud radiational heating are also being represented. Because assuming a rigid lid at the inversion base may have affected previous results significantly, the domain top was raised to include the lower portion of the capping inversion. As in the previous model, a uniform cloud base is assumed and latent heating effects are included implicitly such that the motions in the sub- and above-cloud regions are dry adiabatic and the motions in the cloud region are moist adiabatic. The effects of forcing by radiational heating profiles that are tied to the cloud layer, such as the one used by Nicholls will be investigated, as will profiles measured during the FIRE experiment. One concern of using truncated spectral models is that the phenomena are so poorly represented that they can change dramatically as the number of spectral coefficients is increased. The efficacy of the nine-coefficient model results is checked by examining the steady state solutions of the 18-coefficient model for parameter values used by Laufersweiler and Shirer (1989), which corresponds to the case of a moderately deep cloud and no capping inversion. The horizontally asymmetric circulation patterns that have narrow downdraft areas and broad updraft areas are virtually the same as those found in the smaller spectral model. Also captured in the case of weaker heating is an elevated circulation centered at cloud base. Thus, the results of the smaller model are substantiated. Since one of the goals of studying the new model is to represent a more realistic domain, the second test of the model is to investigate whether the steady solutions are suppressed in the case of an inversion with no cloud

Changes with Age in the Proportion of the Dominants in a Beech-Maple Forest in Central Ohio

Author Institution: Department of Botany, The Ohio State University, Columbus 1

Body As Apparatus

During the semester, I have been exploring material through sculpture through the construction and re-construction of a figure that I have introduced into my work, a stand-in for myself, a projection. Through the use of different materials, I explore humor and pathos, and how those can mingle within a single object. The objective of the figure is to explore and depict how the body, as apparatus, machine, de-constructs and re-constructs through perceiving and experiencing. The first attempt at making the figure was not unsuccessful, but the second attempt, with alterations in material, did more work. I initially created the figure with wooden legs and a head made of plastic. This version of the figure portrayed a specific mood and tone, which I intended, but the pathos, or sad feeling, was primarily being projected through the heavy hang of the plastic head. The stiff wooden legs were not doing the work that they could be doing. To pacify this, I reconstructed the figure and made it with polyurethane foam, a high-density foam that sits and moves with a noticeable sense of gravity, which was not present with the original wooden construction. The polyurethane foam makes the entire figure sink, slump, hang, and fold into itself. The plastic head of the figure remained the same. Something that I was previously conscious of, but is now instilled in my mind, is the importance of using material that is not arbitrary. The material has the ability to extend beyond what an artist, as a mediator during the process of making, can do. In this case, create a mood and underlying humor through physical qualities of an object and how that objects interacts with itself, within a space, or with other objects. I have come to realize that being aware of what is happening, or not happening, during the process of making, is crucial to making objects that work. This project, as well as other work I have completed this semester have surfaced a new level of awareness during the act of making

Out of Place

The process of disorientation creates a position or effect of being “out of place.” When feeling out of place, we enter a liminal space. My work is the practice of placing myself within this transitional space made up of lines, symbols, and passageways, where perception is slanted and ultimately, collapses. I am confronting and questioning my own sense of direction, locating myself within this liminal space between what was and what is — a place of not knowing

Data workshops in support of researchers at the University of Oklahoma

OU Libraries is in their third semester of offering research data workshops that focus on the skills and tools needed by students, staff, and faculty who are involved in research. We developed curriculum based on The Carpentries lessons in order to offer shorter, 1 – 2.5-hour workshops more frequently than the typical two-day Carpentries workshops. We organized the workshops into three categories to reflect researcher needs: Survival Skills to teach research data basics (such as backups, data formatting, and file organization); Better Practices to teach data practices that many researchers will use but may not be applicable to all individuals (such as version control and data management plans); and Workflow Tools to teach specific beginner and intermediate tools (such as graphing in R and Python and formatting documents in LaTeX). Slides, instructor notes, and workshop materials are available to the community at OU and beyond through Open Science Framework with a CC-BY license to facilitate curriculum sharing. This poster will outline the various workshops we offer, campus participation thus far, and some feedback from learners

Surface modification of structural materials by low-energy high-current pulsed electron beam treatment

Microstructure formation in surface layers of pure titanium and ferritic-martensitic steel subjected to electron beam treatment is studied. It is shown that low energy high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation leads to the martensite structure within the surface layer of pure titanium. Contrary, the columnar ferrite grains grow during solidification of ferritic-martensitic steel. The effect of electron beam energy density on the surface morphology and microstructure of the irradiated metals is demonstrated

Scientific Opinion on Exploring options for providing advice about possible human health risks based on the concept of Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC)

<p>Synthetic and naturally occurring substances present in food and feed, together with their possible breakdown or reaction products, represent a large number of substances, many of which require risk assessment. EFSA’s Scientific Committee was requested to evaluate the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) approach as a tool for providing scientific advice about possible human health risks from low level exposures, its applicability to EFSA’s work, and to advise on any additional data that might be needed to strengthen the underlying basis of the TTC approach. The Scientific Committee examined the published literature on the TTC approach, undertook its own analyses and commissioned an <em>in silico </em>investigation of the databases underpinning the TTC approach. The Scientific Committee concluded that the TTC approach can be recommended as a useful screening tool either for priority setting or for deciding whether exposure to a substance is so low that the probability of adverse health effects is low and that no further data are necessary. The following human exposure threshold values are sufficiently conservative to be used in EFSA’s work; 0.15 μg/person per day for substances with a structural alert for genotoxicity, 18 μg/person per day for organophosphate and carbamate substances with anti-cholinesterase activity, 90 μg/person per day for Cramer Class III and Cramer Class II substances, and 1800 μg/person per day for Cramer Class I substances, but for application to all groups in the population, these values should be expressed in terms of body weight, i.e. 0.0025, 0.3, 1.5 and 30 μg/kg body weight per day, respectively. Use of the TTC approach for infants under the age of 6 months, with immature metabolic and excretory systems, should be considered on a case-by-case basis. The Committee defined a number of exclusion categories of substances for which the TTC approach would not be used.</p&gt