Canadian targets

Monetary policy - Canada ; Canada ; Money supply - Canada

Effectiveness of exchange-rate changes on the trade account: the Japanese case

Foreign exchange rates - Japan ; Yen, Japanese ; Japan ; Balance of payments

Asian dollar market

Asian dollar market

Capital formation and competitiveness

Saving and investment ; Capital ; Competition ; Labor productivity

Thatcherism

Economic policy - Great Britain ; Great Britain

Japan's trade surplus

Japan ; International trade - Japan

Electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon in effective field theory

We calculate the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon to third chiral order in manifestly Lorentz-invariant effective field theory. The rho and omega mesons as well as the Delta(1232) resonance are included as explicit dynamical degrees of freedom. To obtain a self-consistent theory with respect to constraints we consider the proper relations among the couplings of the effective Lagrangian. For the purpose of generating a systematic power counting, the extended on-mass-shell renormalization scheme is applied in combination with the small-scale expansion. The results for the electric and magnetic Sachs form factors are analyzed in terms of experimental data and compared to previous findings in the framework of chiral perturbation theory. The pion-mass dependence of the form factors is briefly discussed.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figure

Climate Change Governance

Climate change, Governance

The effect of international environmental institutions: how we might learn more

Analysts of international politics can measure and explain the effect of international environmental institutions on the behavior of states and other actors and on the natural environment in three steps. First, we measure the outcome to be explained in terms of goal attainment, defined as the difference, over time or across cases, between actor behavior or the state of the natural environment on dimensions identified by institutional goals and certain end points determined by institutional goals. Second, we assess the effect of an institution in terms of the extent to which the existence or operation of the institution contributes, ceteris paribus, to variation in goal attainment. We transform these two variables into a score of institutional effectiveness to indicate the degree to which institutions contribute to the resolution of the environmental problems that motivate their establishment. Third, we analyze the relationship between institutional effectiveness and specific dimensions of institutional design—such as decision-making rules, membership and access conditions, and the compliance syste