La representación social de la muerte a través de la fotografía (Murcia y Jaén, 1870-1902): una historia de la imagen burguesa

During the second half of the 19th century and first decades of the 20th century, dead people were photographed by their relatives so that they could keep a visual memory of the deceased. Because the bourgeoisie constructed a gentle social image of death, the people were made to appear in those pictures as though they were only asleep. The pictures thus reproduced the visual narrative codes of the bourgeoisie in 19th-century photography, in this case with regard to death. The bourgoisie of the time placed a high value on appearance and on the marks of status.Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX, los muertos eran fotografiados por sus familiares para tener un recuerdo visual de los fallecidos. En esas fotografías los cadáveres parecían dormir, ya que la burguesía construyó una imagen social amable de la muerte. Dichos retratos de muertos reproducían los códigos narrativos visuales implantados por la burguesía en la fotografía decimonónica, pues lo principal era aparentar, ofrecer la imagen de un estatus

La fotografía como documento históricoartístico y etnográfico: una epistemología

The photography’s are some excellent visual documents for the History of the Art, the Contemporary History and the Anthropology. However, up to now, they are very few the studies that have to the picture like main historical and anthropological source. For that reason, it is indispensable to build a theory andan useful methodology so that the investigators can carry out some works based on the picture.Las fotografías son unos excelentes documentos visuales para la Historia del Arte, la Historia Contemporánea y la Antropología. Sin embargo, hasta ahora, son muy pocos los estudios que tienen a la fotografía como principal fuente histórica y antropológica. Por eso, es indispensable construir una teoría y una metodología útiles para que los investigadores puedan realizar unos trabajos basados en la fotografía

Historia de la fotografía en España. Un enfoque desde lo global hasta lo local

The history of the photography in Spain, from 1840 to 1918, has an enormous interest for the professionals of Clio. The made images for a camera are an essential historic fount. It's necessary to know previously the evolution of the Daguerre's art before to analyse correctly a photography. This work is a summary of the evolution of the old photography in Jaén and in Spain to conciliate the general history with local history.La Historia de la fotografía en España, desde 1840 hasta 1918, es un aspecto de máximo interés en los estudios realizados por los profesionales de Clío, pues las imágenes captadas por una cámara son una fuente histórica fundamental. Pero para analizarcorrectamente una fotografía, es necesario conocer previamente la evolución del arte de Daguerre. Este trabajo es una apretada síntesis del desarrollo de la fotografía antigua en España y en Jaén, en un intento de tender puentes desde la historia local hacia la nacional

Trastornos de personalidad y cine

El cine, en cualquiera de sus géneros, es un inmejorable mues-trario de las diferentes personalidades que los psicólogos estudian con pormenor. Así, en las películas vemos reflejados distintos modos de pensar y actuar con los que nos identificamos, admiramos o rechazamos. En este artículo vamos a analizar en concreto los trastornos de personalidad en el cine, pues el séptimo arte muestra una irresistible atracción por personalidades fuera de lo común, trastornadas, que no se ajustan a los patrones ordinarios del comportamiento. Veremos catorce de estos trastornos llevados a la gran pantalla y apuntaremos los rasgos más característicos de cada uno de ellos. Nuestro propósito es establecer un catálogo de trastornos de personalidad en el cine y ofrecer posibilidades de su aplicación en el ámbito de la psicología, la docencia, la historia y la antropología.Abstract:Cinema, in any ot its many genres, is a large kaleidoskope of all those different personalities that are being studied carefully by psychologists. In films, we can find different ways of thinking and acting we identify with, admire or reject. In this magazine article we will examine closely personality disorders through films, since cinema shows an irresistible attraction to unusual disrupted personalities that do no fit to the usual patterns of behaviour. We will study fourteen of these personality disorders which have been brought to the big screen and we will comment their more distinctive features. We will also study the possibility of providing a use for them in the fields of Psychology, Teaching, History and Anthropology. Palabras clave:Trastornos de personalidad; cine; psicología; historiaKeywords:Personality Disorders; Cinema; Psychology; Histor

Regulatory T-cell Number in Peripheral Blood at 1 Year Posttransplant as Predictor of Long-term Kidney Graft Survival

Background: Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a role in limiting kidney transplant rejection and can potentially promote long-term transplant tolerance. There are no large prospective studies demonstrating the utility of peripheral blood Treg cells as biomarkers for long-term graft outcome in kidney transplantation. The aim of our study was to analyze the influence of the absolute number of peripheral blood Treg cells after transplantation on long-term death-censored graft survival. Methods: We monitored the absolute numbers of Treg cells by flow cytometry in nonfrozen samples of peripheral blood in 133 kidney transplant recipients, who were prospectively followed up to 2 years after transplantation. Death-censored graft survival was determined retrospectively in January 2017. Results: The mean time of clinical follow-up was 7.4 ± 2.9 years and 24.1% patients suffered death-censored graft loss (DCGL). Patients with high Treg cells 1 year after transplantation and above the median value (14.57 cells/mm3), showed better death-censored graft survival (5-year survival, 92.5% vs 81.4%, Log-rank P = .030). One-year Treg cells showed a receiver operating characteristic - area under curve of 63.1% (95% confidence interval, 52.9-73.2%, P = 0.026) for predicting DCGL. After multivariate Cox regression analysis, an increased number of peripheral blood Treg cells was a protective factor for DCGL (hazard ratio, 0.961, 95% confidence interval, 0.924-0.998, P = 0.041), irrespectively of 1-year proteinuria and renal function. Conclusions: Peripheral blood absolute numbers of Treg cells 1 year after kidney transplantation predict a better long-term graft outcome and may be used as prognostic biomarkers

Un viaje al Cosmos en 52 semanas

230 p.Este libro se plantea como una serie de artículos que dibujan un recorrido por el Universo, desde lo más cercano a lo más distante. Constituye una herramienta útil y actualizada para los interesados en la astronomía, y combina el conocimiento básico con los resultados científicos más novedosos. La astrofísica constituye una ciencia viva y en permanente avance por ello nos encontramos con un Plutón que ya no es considerado planeta; con nuevos datos sobre la posible presencia de agua en Marte; con géiseres en Encelado, un pequeño satélite de Saturno que se creía geológicamente inactivo; con una miríada de nuevos planetas girando alrededor de otras estrellas; con, quizá, un nuevo tipo de agujero negro y fascinantes resultados sobre las explosiones cortas de rayos gamma, uno de los eventos más energéticos del Universo y, hasta hace poco, también uno de los más desconocidos; con la mision COROT, y otras, como BepiColombo, que ya se encuentran en su fase de desarrollo instrumental.Peer reviewe

Pharmacokinetic Comparability of a Biosimilar Trastuzumab Anticipated from Its Physicochemical and Biological Characterization

Comparability between a biosimilar and its reference product requires the evaluation of critical quality attributes that may impact on its pharmacological response. Herein we present a physicochemical characterization of a biosimilar trastuzumab focused on the attributes related to the pharmacokinetic response. Capillary isoelectrofocusing (cIEF) and cation exchange chromatography (CEX) were used to evaluate charge heterogeneity; glycosylation profiles were assessed through hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC); aggregates content was evaluated through size exclusion chromatography (SEC) while binding affinity to FcRn was evaluated using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The biosimilar trastuzumab and its reference product exhibited a high degree of similarity for the evaluated attributes. In regard to the pharmacokinetic parameters, randomized, double blind, and two-arm parallel and prospective study was employed after the administration of a single intravenous dose in healthy volunteers. No significant differences were found between the pharmacokinetic profiles of both products. Our results confirm that similarity of the critical quality attributes between a biosimilar product, obtained from a different manufacturing process, and the reference product resulted in comparable pharmacokinetic profiles, diminishing the uncertainty related to the biosimilar's safety and efficacy

Biochemical markers of bone turnover and clinical outcome in patients with renal cell and bladder carcinoma with bone metastases following treatment with zoledronic acid: The TUGAMO study

Background: Levels of bone turnover markers (BTM) might be correlated with outcome in terms of skeletal-related events (SRE), disease progression, and death in patients with bladder cancer (BC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with bone metastases (BM). We try to evaluate this possible correlation in patients who receive treatment with zoledronic acid (ZOL). Methods: This observational, prospective, and multicenter study analysed BTM and clinical outcome in these patients. Serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (PINP), and beta-isomer of carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (b-CTX) were analysed. Results: Patients with RCC who died or progressed had higher baseline b-CTX levels and those who experienced SRE during follow-up showed high baseline BALP levels. In BC, a poor rate of survival was related with high baseline b-CTX and BALP levels, and new SRE with increased PINP levels. Cox univariate analysis showed that b-CTX levels were associated with higher mortality and disease progression in RCC and higher mortality in BC. Bone alkaline phosphatase was associated with increased risk of premature SRE appearance in RCC and death in BC. Conclusion: Beta-isomer of carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen and BALP can be considered a complementary tool for prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with BC and RCC with BM treated with ZOLNovartis Oncology Spain for supporting this stud

Effect of viral storm in patients admitted to intensive care units with severe COVID-19 in Spain: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study

Background: The contribution of the virus to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate associations between viral RNA load in plasma and host response, complications, and deaths in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: We did a prospective cohort study across 23 hospitals in Spain. We included patients aged 18 years or older with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to an intensive care unit between March 16, 2020, and Feb 27, 2021. RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid region 1 (N1) was quantified in plasma samples collected from patients in the first 48 h following admission, using digital PCR. Patients were grouped on the basis of N1 quantity: VIR-N1-Zero ([removed]2747 N1 copies per mL). The primary outcome was all-cause death within 90 days after admission. We evaluated odds ratios (ORs) for the primary outcome between groups using a logistic regression analysis. Findings: 1068 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 117 had insufficient plasma samples and 115 had key information missing. 836 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 403 (48%) were in the VIR-N1-Low group, 283 (34%) were in the VIR-N1-Storm group, and 150 (18%) were in the VIR-N1-Zero group. Overall, patients in the VIR-N1-Storm group had the most severe disease: 266 (94%) of 283 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), 116 (41%) developed acute kidney injury, 180 (65%) had secondary infections, and 148 (52%) died within 90 days. Patients in the VIR-N1-Zero group had the least severe disease: 81 (54%) of 150 received IMV, 34 (23%) developed acute kidney injury, 47 (32%) had secondary infections, and 26 (17%) died within 90 days (OR for death 0·30, 95% CI 0·16–0·55; p<0·0001, compared with the VIR-N1-Storm group). 106 (26%) of 403 patients in the VIR-N1-Low group died within 90 days (OR for death 0·39, 95% CI 0·26–0·57; p[removed]11 página

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group