Gestión de calidad en la prevención de flebitis en el servicio de Oncología del HUBU

En la actualidad la terapia intravenosa es uno de los procedimientos más comunes para la administración de los diferentes tratamientos a los pacientes. En este trabajo, este aspecto cobra mayor importancia dado que en el servicio de oncología es la terapia principal. Existen abundantes problemas que vienen dados por la inserción y el mantenimiento de los catéteres venosos periféricos (CVP). En este trabajo se hablará de uno de los principales problemas que encontramos ligado a esta técnica, como es la flebitis. Hoy en día encontramos estudios que afirman que una técnica aséptica, una valoración continua de la vía y la unión de los diferentes criterios profesionales dan como resultado la prevención de la flebitis. Por todo ello, nuestro objetivo es aumentar la calidad en este entorno con la ayuda de diferentes intervenciones y planes de mejora. El siguiente proyecto se centrará en el Hospital Universitario de Burgos (HUBU), concretamente en la planta de oncología dado que se ha visto aumentada la incidencia de flebitis en ésta. El objetivo final de este plan, será disminuir esta incidencia y comprobar si las intervenciones han sido eficaces

Reactivity and fate of secondary alkane sulfonates (SAS) in marine sediments

This research is focused on secondary alkane sulfonates (SAS), anionic surfactants widely used in household applications that access aquatic environments mainly via sewage discharges.We studied their sorption capacity and anaerobic degradation in marine sediments, providing the first data available on this topic. SAS partition coefficients increased towards those homologues having longer alkyl chains(from up to 141 L kg 1 for C14 to up to 1753 L kg 1 for C17), which were those less susceptible to undergo biodegradation. Overall, SAS removal percentages reached up to 98% after 166 days of incubation using anoxic sediments. The degradation pathway consisted on the formation of sulfocarboxylic acids after an initial fumarate attack of the alkyl chain and successive b-oxidations. This is the first study showing that SAS can be degraded in absence of oxygen, so this new information should be taken into account for future environmental risk assessments on these chemicals

Teoría declarada de los médicos de familia sobre la relación con el paciente

ObjetivoIdentificar y analizar cuál es la «teoría» que los médicos de familia expresan sobre las características esenciales de la relación médico-paciente efectiva y funcional y sobre cómo alcanzarla (“teoría declarada» de Argyris y Schon).DiseñoCualitativo, basado en análisis de discursos.EmplazamientoAtención primaria.MétodoEntrevistas audiograbadas a 10 médicos de familia seleccionados por muestreo intencional que fueron transcritas. Se identificaron las proposiciones de los discursos y se construyeron mapas conceptuales. Se realizó un análisis inductivo mediante la categorización de los temas y posiciones aparecidos, y la identificación de similitudes y diferencias intersujetos.ResultadosLa confianza y la ausencia de conflictos son las principales características deseables de la relación médico-paciente. La actitud «demandante» y la deshonestidad de los pacientes son los obstáculos más citados. Se acepta la negociación pero se mantiene una visión muy limitada de la participación del paciente. Se aprecian diferencias en la distancia, el foco biomédico frente a psicosocial y en la educación sanitaria. Las habilidades de comunicación y las cualidades del médico son poco citadas. La terminología técnica en esta área aparece poco en los discursos.ConclusionesLos discursos resaltan el «consumismo sanitario» y descubren desacuerdos sobre la distancia en la relación y el abordaje psicosocial. Estos puntos, que deben ser priorizados en la formación, junto con la educación, pueden servir para definir distintas orientaciones profesionales de los médicos de familia. La metodología de la formación debe tener en cuenta que la experiencia domina en la «teoría declarada» en esta área.ObjectiveTo identify and analyse the “theory” expressed by family doctors on the essential features of an effective and functional doctorpatient relationship and on how to achieve one (“stated theory” of Argyris and Schon).DesignQualitative, based on discourse analysis.SettingPrimary care.MethodInterviews recorded with 10 family doctors selected by intentional sampling that were then transcribed. The propositions in the discourses were identified and conceptual maps were constructed. An inductive analysis classified the questions and positions that emerged and identified similarities and differences between subjects.ResultsConfidence and absence of conflict were the main desirable features of the doctor-patient relationship. Patients with a “demanding” attitude and their dishonesty were the most quoted obstacles. Doctors accepted negotiation, but held a very limited view of patient participation. Differences were appreciated on distance, the biomedical versus psychosocial focus and health education. Doctors’ communication skills and qualities were little cited.Technical terminology in this area appeared little in the discourses.ConclusionsDiscourses highlighted “health consumerism” and revealed disagreements on distance in the relationship and the psychosocial approach. These points, which should be prioritised in training, along with education, can serve to define family doctors’ distinct professional orientations.Training methodology must bear in mind that experience dominates “stated theory” in this area

Atención y procesamiento emocional en personas con trastorno bipolar

Las personas con trastorno bipolar se caracterizan por una desregulación emocional que afecta a cómo atienden a la información que les rodea. Investigaciones recientes han encontrado sesgos atencionales en las personas con trastorno bipolar, tanto cuando su estado de ánimo es bajo (mayor atención a palabras negativas y rostros tristes) como cuando su estado de ánimo es elevado (mayor atención a palabras positivas y caras alegres). Es importante destacar que, en personas con depresión, estos sesgos pueden entrenarse de manera que disminuye la sintomatología afectiva. Esta opción podría contemplarse como una nueva alternativa de intervención en el trastorno bipolar

Long-time effects of an experimental therapy with mesenchymal stem cells in congenital hydrocephalus

Introduction: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) are a potential therapeutic tool due to their ability for migrating and producing neuroprotector factors when they are transplanted in other neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, some investigations have shown that BM-MSC are able to modulate astrocyte activation and neuroprotector factor production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-time effects of a BM-MSC experimental therapy in the hyh mouse model of congenital hydrocephalus. Methods: BM-MSC were characterized in vitro and then transplanted into the ventricles of young hydrocephalic hyh mice, before they develop the severe hydrocephalus. Non-hydrocephalic normal mice (wt) and hydrocephalic hyh mice sham-injected (sterile saline serum) were used as controls. Samples were studied by analyzing and comparing mRNA, protein level expressions and immunoreaction related with the progression and severity of hydrocephalus. Results: Fourteen days after transplantation, hydrocephalic hyh mice with BM-MSC showed lower ventriculomegaly. In these animals, BM-MSC were found undifferentiated and spread into the periventricular astrocyte reaction. There, BM-MSC were detected producing several neuroprotector factors (BDNF, GDNF, NGF, VEGF), in the same way as reactive astrocytes. Total neocortical levels of NGF, TGF-β and VEGF were found increased in hydrocephalic hyh mice transplanted with BM-MSC. Furthermore, astrocytes showed increased expressions of aquaporin-4 (water channel protein) and Slit-2 (neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory molecule). Conclusions: BM-MSC seem to lead to recovery of the severe neurodegenerative conditions associated to congenital hydrocephalus mediated by reactive astrocytes.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. PI15/0619 (ISCIII/FEDER

A metabolite profile reveals the presence of neurodegenerative conditions according to severity of hydrocephalus

Introduction: In obstructive congenital hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid accumulation is associated with high intracranial pressure (ICP), ischemia/hypoxia, metabolic impairment, neuronal damage and astrocytic reaction. The hyh mutant mice exhibit two different forms of hydrocephalus evolution: severe and moderate. A study was carried out in hyh mice to detect a metabolite profile that define the tissue response in each hydrocephalus form. Methods: Metabolites levels in brain cortex were analyzed with 1H High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H HR-MAS) spectroscopy. The study was complemented with ICP recording and histopathological analysis. Results: Mice with severe hydrocephalus were found to have higher ICP and stronger astrocytic reaction. Several metabolites including glutamate and glutamine were found to correlate with the severity of hydrocephalus. The whole metabolite profile may be explained based in differential astrocyte reactions, neurodegenerative and ischemic conditions. The glutamate transporter EAAT2 and the metabolite taurine were found as key histopathological markers for the damaged parenchyma. Conclusions: Spectroscopy allowed the detection of a metabolite profile related to intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus severity, and therefore can be useful to monitor the efficacy of experimental therapies. Supported by Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech, and PI15/0619 (ISCIII/FEDER).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Supported by Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech, and PI15/0619 (ISCIII/FEDER)

Maize hydroxycinnamic acids: unveiling their role in stress resilience and human health

Maize production is pivotal in ensuring food security, particularly in developing countries. However, the crop encounters multiple challenges stemming from climatic changes that adversely affect its yield, including biotic and abiotic stresses during production and storage. A promising strategy for enhancing maize resilience to these challenges involves modulating its hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) content. HCAAs are secondary metabolites present in plants that are essential in developmental processes, substantially contributing to defense mechanisms against environmental stressors, pests, and pathogens, and exhibiting beneficial effects on human health. This mini-review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of HCAAs in maize, including their biosynthesis, functions, distribution, and health potential applications

The information diet of future journalists. Media consumption and professional aspirations: a case study (2007-2013)

Este artículo analiza los hábitos informativos de los estudiantes de Periodismo en una investigación longitudinal, escogiendo como caso de estudio una muestra de 460 alumnos de la Universidad Miguel Hernández, con tres objetivos: a) determinar cuáles son sus medios y soportes preferidos; b) establecer la evolución de dichas preferencias a lo largo de un periodo de siete años (2007-2013) y c) recabar sus aspiraciones laborales. Los resultados, obtenidos a través de encuestas, confirman el protagonismo de internet. El trabajo subraya la necesidad de que los jóvenes conozcan las iniciativas innovadoras periodísticas surgidas al margen de la industria más tradicional.This article analyzes news consumption habits of journalism students in a longitudinal research, choosing a sample of 460 students of the University Miguel Hernández as a case study, with three main objectives: a) to identify their favorite media they use to keep themselves informed; b) to establish the evolution of their preferences over a period of seven years (2007-2013) and c) to examine their professional aspirations. The results confirm the increasing role of the Internet in terms of consumer trends. The study highlights the need for young people to learn about the journalistic innovative initiatives that have emerged

Attentional biases toward emotional images in the different episodes of bipolar disorder: An eye-tracking study.

Attentional biases toward emotional information may represent vulnerability and maintenance factors in bipolar disorder (BD). The present experimental study examined the processing of emotional information in BD patients using the eyetracking technology. Bipolar patients in their different states (euthymia, mania, depression) simultaneously viewed four pictures with different emotional valence (happy, neutral, sad, threatening for 20 s while their eye movements were monitored. A group of healthy individuals served as the control. The data revealed the following: (i) a decrease in attention to happy images in BD patients in their depressive episodes compared to healthy individuals, and (ii) an increase in attention to threatening images in BD patients (regardless of their episode) relative to the healthy controls. These biases appeared in the late stages of information processing and were sustained over the 20 s interval. Thus, the present findings reveal that attentional biases toward emotional information can be a key feature of BD, in that:(i) an anhedonic lack of sensitivity to positive stimuli during the bipolar depressive episode may be considered a maintaining factor of this clinical state, and (ii) the trait-bias toward threat, even in asymptomatic patients, may reflect a marker of vulnerability in BD